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Militsiya (Russia)

The militsiya (Russian: Милиция) was the national police service of Russia from the 1990s until 2011, when it was replaced by the Police of Russia.

Militsiya
Милиция России
Emblem of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
AbbreviationMVD
Agency overview
Formed20 December, 1990
Preceding agency
DissolvedMarch 1, 2011
Jurisdictional structure
National agencyRUS
Operations jurisdictionRUS
Map of the Federal districts of Russia
Governing bodyGovernment of Russia
General nature
Operational structure
HeadquartersMoscow
Russia
Parent agencyMinistry of Internal Affairs
Website
mvd.ru

History Edit

 
Moscow Militsiya Lada 2110.
 
Restored Soviet GAZ-21 Volga militsiya car in Minsk 2014.

The Russian MVD was recreated as the MVD of the Russian SFSR in 1990, following the restoration of the republican Council of Ministers and Supreme Soviet, and remained when Russia gained independence from the Soviet Union. It controlled the Militsiya, the State Road Inspection Service (GAI), and the Internal Troops. Since the disbanding of the Tax Police, it also investigates economic crimes.

The long-time additional duties of the Imperial MVD and NKVD, such as the Firefighting Service and Prisons Service, were recently moved to the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the Ministry of Justice respectively. The last reorganization abolished Main Directorates inherited from the NKVD in favour of Departments. The current minister of internal affairs in Russia is Vladimir Kolokoltsev.

Throughout the first half of the 1990s, the Russian militsiya functioned with minimal funding, equipment, and support from the legal system. The inadequacy of the force became particularly apparent during the wave of organized crime that began sweeping Russia after the beginning of perestroika. Many highly qualified individuals moved from the militsiya into better-paying jobs in the field of private security, which has expanded to meet the demands of companies needing protection, while others joined the organized crime itself. Frequent taking of bribes among the remaining members of the militsiya has damaged the force's public credibility. Numerous revelations of participation by militsiya personnel in murders, prostitution rings, information peddling, and tolerance of criminal acts have created a general public perception that all militsioners are at least taking bribes. Bribery of officers to avoid penalty for traffic violations and petty crimes is a routine and expected occurrence, as well as tortures and abusing of suspects in the custody. Up to 50–80% of suspects were reportedly tortured and beaten in order to extract a "confession."[1]

In a 1995 poll of the public, only 5% of respondents expressed confidence in the ability of the militsiya to deal with crime in their city. Human rights organizations have accused the Moscow militsiya of racism in singling out non-Slavic individuals (especially immigrants from Russia's Caucasus republics), physical attacks, unjustified detention, and other rights violations. In 1995 Minister of Internal Affairs Anatoliy Kulikov conducted a high-profile "Clean Hands Campaign" to purge the MVD of corrupt elements. In its first year, this limited operation caught several highly placed MVD officials collecting bribes, indicating a high level of corruption throughout the agency. According to experts, the main causes of corruption are insufficient funding to train and equip personnel and pay them adequate wages, poor work discipline, lack of accountability, and fear of reprisals from organized criminals.

The Day of Russian Militsiya was held on November 10.

An opinion poll conducted by the Levada Center in early 2010 showed that 30% of Russians more or less trust the militsiya, while 67% more or less fear the institution and its representatives. 63% consider it likely that they will suffer from arbitrary action on the part of the militsiya, while 24% find this unlikely. In Moscow, 99% of the respondents expressed some degree of distrust in the militsiya.[2]

In August 2010, President Dmitry Medvedev introduced new legislation to reform and centralize the funding of the militsiya, as well as to officially change the militsiya's name to "Police" (the term which was used in the Russian Empire).[3] The change was performed on March 1, 2011.

Ranks Edit

According to the country law, the militsiya ranks in Russia were classified as a "special ranks of the law-enforcement service" or "special ranks". Such a ranks are in general equal to the Russian military ranks. There were 3 types of the "special ranks":

  • militsiya ranks (for Ministry of internal affairs (MVD) personnel working in the general-purpose militsiya service),
  • justice ranks (equal to militsya but suffixed with "of justice") – for personnel of the MVD investigatory agency departments,
  • internal service ranks (suffixed with "of internal service" – in general such personnel wear the Russian military uniform) – for the personnel of MVD, Ministry of Emergency Situations and civil defense, Peneciary service on the service of: fire guard, migration service, administrative function and other.

In some cases the personnel with the special ranks could be promoted into the military rank. For example, if the officer of militsiya is removing to the Internal Troops. Another case: if it is necessary to promote the officer into the higher rank which is absent in militsiya ranks or in ranks of other special service.

Private Staff Junior Supervising Staff
Shoulder insignia

for every day uniform

             
Rank Private of militsiya Junior sergeant of militsiya Sergeant of militsiya Senior sergeant of militsiya Starshina of militsiya Praporshchik of militsiya Senior praporshchik

of militsiya

Medium Supervising Staff Senior Supervising Staff Supreme Supervising Staff
Shoulder insignia

for every day uniform

                   
Rank Junior lieutenant of militsiya Lieutenant

of militsiya

Senior lieutenant

of militsiya

Captain

of militsiya

Major of militsiya Lieutenant colonel

of militsiya

Colonel of militsiya Major General of militsiya Lieutenant General of militsiya Colonel General of militsiya

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ Lohman, Diederik. Confessions at Any Cost. Police Torture in Russia. New York : Human Rights Watch, 1999, p. 196. ISBN 1-56432-244-0.
  2. ^ "Милиция доверия не заслужила." Gazeta.ru. February 17, 2010. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
  3. ^ Bratersky, Alexander. "Police to get new name in reform." Moscow Times. August 9, 2010. Retrieved August 18, 2010.

militsiya, russia, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, militsiya, russia, news, newspapers, books, schol. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Militsiya Russia news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message The militsiya Russian Miliciya was the national police service of Russia from the 1990s until 2011 when it was replaced by the Police of Russia MilitsiyaMiliciya RossiiEmblem of the Ministry of Internal AffairsAbbreviationMVDAgency overviewFormed20 December 1990Preceding agencySoviet MilitsiyaDissolvedMarch 1 2011Jurisdictional structureNational agencyRUSOperations jurisdictionRUSMap of the Federal districts of RussiaGoverning bodyGovernment of RussiaGeneral natureCivilian policeOperational structureHeadquartersMoscowRussiaParent agencyMinistry of Internal AffairsWebsitemvd ru Contents 1 History 2 Ranks 3 See also 4 ReferencesHistory Edit nbsp Moscow Militsiya Lada 2110 nbsp Restored Soviet GAZ 21 Volga militsiya car in Minsk 2014 Further information Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs The Russian MVD was recreated as the MVD of the Russian SFSR in 1990 following the restoration of the republican Council of Ministers and Supreme Soviet and remained when Russia gained independence from the Soviet Union It controlled the Militsiya the State Road Inspection Service GAI and the Internal Troops Since the disbanding of the Tax Police it also investigates economic crimes The long time additional duties of the Imperial MVD and NKVD such as the Firefighting Service and Prisons Service were recently moved to the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the Ministry of Justice respectively The last reorganization abolished Main Directorates inherited from the NKVD in favour of Departments The current minister of internal affairs in Russia is Vladimir Kolokoltsev Throughout the first half of the 1990s the Russian militsiya functioned with minimal funding equipment and support from the legal system The inadequacy of the force became particularly apparent during the wave of organized crime that began sweeping Russia after the beginning of perestroika Many highly qualified individuals moved from the militsiya into better paying jobs in the field of private security which has expanded to meet the demands of companies needing protection while others joined the organized crime itself Frequent taking of bribes among the remaining members of the militsiya has damaged the force s public credibility Numerous revelations of participation by militsiya personnel in murders prostitution rings information peddling and tolerance of criminal acts have created a general public perception that all militsioners are at least taking bribes Bribery of officers to avoid penalty for traffic violations and petty crimes is a routine and expected occurrence as well as tortures and abusing of suspects in the custody Up to 50 80 of suspects were reportedly tortured and beaten in order to extract a confession 1 In a 1995 poll of the public only 5 of respondents expressed confidence in the ability of the militsiya to deal with crime in their city Human rights organizations have accused the Moscow militsiya of racism in singling out non Slavic individuals especially immigrants from Russia s Caucasus republics physical attacks unjustified detention and other rights violations In 1995 Minister of Internal Affairs Anatoliy Kulikov conducted a high profile Clean Hands Campaign to purge the MVD of corrupt elements In its first year this limited operation caught several highly placed MVD officials collecting bribes indicating a high level of corruption throughout the agency According to experts the main causes of corruption are insufficient funding to train and equip personnel and pay them adequate wages poor work discipline lack of accountability and fear of reprisals from organized criminals The Day of Russian Militsiya was held on November 10 An opinion poll conducted by the Levada Center in early 2010 showed that 30 of Russians more or less trust the militsiya while 67 more or less fear the institution and its representatives 63 consider it likely that they will suffer from arbitrary action on the part of the militsiya while 24 find this unlikely In Moscow 99 of the respondents expressed some degree of distrust in the militsiya 2 In August 2010 President Dmitry Medvedev introduced new legislation to reform and centralize the funding of the militsiya as well as to officially change the militsiya s name to Police the term which was used in the Russian Empire 3 The change was performed on March 1 2011 Ranks EditAccording to the country law the militsiya ranks in Russia were classified as a special ranks of the law enforcement service or special ranks Such a ranks are in general equal to the Russian military ranks There were 3 types of the special ranks militsiya ranks for Ministry of internal affairs MVD personnel working in the general purpose militsiya service justice ranks equal to militsya but suffixed with of justice for personnel of the MVD investigatory agency departments internal service ranks suffixed with of internal service in general such personnel wear the Russian military uniform for the personnel of MVD Ministry of Emergency Situations and civil defense Peneciary service on the service of fire guard migration service administrative function and other In some cases the personnel with the special ranks could be promoted into the military rank For example if the officer of militsiya is removing to the Internal Troops Another case if it is necessary to promote the officer into the higher rank which is absent in militsiya ranks or in ranks of other special service Private Staff Junior Supervising StaffShoulder insignia for every day uniform nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Rank Private of militsiya Junior sergeant of militsiya Sergeant of militsiya Senior sergeant of militsiya Starshina of militsiya Praporshchik of militsiya Senior praporshchik of militsiyaMedium Supervising Staff Senior Supervising Staff Supreme Supervising StaffShoulder insignia for every day uniform nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Rank Junior lieutenant of militsiya Lieutenant of militsiya Senior lieutenant of militsiya Captain of militsiya Major of militsiya Lieutenant colonel of militsiya Colonel of militsiya Major General of militsiya Lieutenant General of militsiya Colonel General of militsiyaSee also EditPolice of Russia Russian police reformReferences Edit Lohman Diederik Confessions at Any Cost Police Torture in Russia New York Human Rights Watch 1999 p 196 ISBN 1 56432 244 0 Miliciya doveriya ne zasluzhila Gazeta ru February 17 2010 Retrieved July 26 2012 Bratersky Alexander Police to get new name in reform Moscow Times August 9 2010 Retrieved August 18 2010 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Militsiya Russia amp oldid 1168554457, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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