Military acquisition or defense acquisition is the "bureaucraticmanagement and procurement process",[1] dealing with a nation's investments in the technologies, programs, and product support necessary to achieve its national security strategy and support its armed forces. Its objective is to acquire products that satisfy specified needs and provide measurable improvement to mission capability at a fair and reasonable price.[2]
Modern military acquisition is a complex blend of science, management, and engineering disciplines within the context of a nation's law and regulation framework to produce military material and technology. This complexity evolved from the increasing complexity of weapon systems starting in the 20th century. For example, the Manhattan Project involved more than 130,000 people at an estimated cost of nearly $24 billion in 2008 dollars.
In the twenty-first century, the trend has been for countries to cooperate in military procurement, due to the rising cost-per-unit of digital age military hardware such as ships and jets. For example, Nordic Defence Cooperation (established 2009), a grouping of Nordic countries that cooperate in defence spending, the Defence and Security Co-operation Treaty, signed between the United Kingdom and France in 2010, and Joint Strike Fighter program, which selected the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II in 2001, included the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Italy, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Turkey, Israel and Japan.
Activities
Major activities related to military acquisition are:
EU member states' procurement of arms, munitions, war material and related works and services acquired for defence purposes and procurement of sensitive supplies, works and services required for security purposes are subject to EU Directive 2009/81/EC on Defence and Sensitive Security Procurement.[3] The purpose of the directive is to balance the need for transparency and openness in defence markets within the European Single Market with the need to protect individual countries’ security interests.[4]
In the United Kingdom
The Defence and Security Public Contracts Regulations 2011, which were derived from EU law, apply to defence procurement in the UK, along with Parts 1 and 2 of the Defence Reform Act 2014.[5][6] The Defence Reform Act established a statutory "Single Source" scheme applicable to situations where there is no competition between suppliers.
In the United States
The US Department of Defense has three principal decision-making support systems associated with military acquisition:[2][7][8] The Center for Strategic & International Studies releases a report every year on defense acquisition trends.[9]
Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Execution (PPBE) Process – Process for strategic planning, program development, and resource determination.
Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System – The systematic method established by the Joint Chiefs of Staff for assessing gaps in military joint warfighting capabilities and recommending solutions to resolve these gaps.
Defense Acquisition System [10][11] – The management process used to acquire weapon systems and automated information system.
Because of the size and scope of such a bureaucracy, the US Department of Defense instituted an extensive training program, known as the Defense Acquisition University.
In Canada
In Canada, military acquisition falls under three separate government departments: the Public Services and Procurement Canada (PSPC); the Department of National Defence (DND); Innovation, Science and Economic Development (ISED).[12]
PSPC is responsible for overseeing and managing the proposal solicitation and evaluation process, and once under contract, PSPC manages the contract on behalf of DND.[13]
ISED is responsible for defining and administering the Industrial and Technological Benefits (ITB) and Value Proposition (VP), which are offsets applied to the selected defense procurements. ISED may apply offsets to DND and Coast Guard procurements of $20M (CAD, or about $15M USD) or greater.[15]
All Canadian defence procurement falls under the auspices of the Treasury Board of Canada, which establishes national procurement and contracting standards and regulations on behalf of the Government of Canada.[16]
Government procurement - includes details of relevant procurement law affecting defence procurement in a number of other states
Notes
^Note: A fifth step, closeout, is not relevant to this description.
References
^US Department of Defense, quoted at IGI Global, Emerging Strategies in Defense Acquisitions and Military Procurement, accessed 21 April 2021
^ ab. Archived from the original on 2013-02-13. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
^Directive 2009/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 service contracts by contracting authorities or entities in the fields of defence and security, and amending Directives 2004/17/EC and 2004/18/EC, accessed 9 June 2018
^European Commission, Defence procurement, accessed 9 June 2018
^UK Legislation, Defence and Security Public Contracts Regulations 2011
^UK Legislation, Defence Reform Act 2014: Part 1 - Defence procurement, accessed 1 November 2022
^"Integrated Defense Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Life Cycle Management System Chart", Defense Acquisition University, 28 Jan 2009 [1]
^Congressional Research Service (Updated May 23, 2014) Defense Acquisitions: How DOD Acquires Weapon Systems and Recent Efforts to Reform the Process RL34026 was originally written by Moshe Schwartz
^"The Defense Acquisition System", US DoD Directive Number 5000.1 (DoD D 5000.1), 12 May 2003
^"Operation of the Defense Acquisition System", US DoD Instruction Number 5000.2 (DoD I 5000.1), 12 May 2003 (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-10-10. Retrieved 2010-09-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Military acquisition news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Military acquisition or defense acquisition is the bureaucratic management and procurement process 1 dealing with a nation s investments in the technologies programs and product support necessary to achieve its national security strategy and support its armed forces Its objective is to acquire products that satisfy specified needs and provide measurable improvement to mission capability at a fair and reasonable price 2 US DoD Acquisition Process Contents 1 Concept 2 Activities 3 In the European Union 4 In the United Kingdom 5 In the United States 6 In Canada 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External linksConcept EditMilitary acquisition has a long history spanning from ancient times e g blacksmithing shipbuilding to modern times Modern military acquisition is a complex blend of science management and engineering disciplines within the context of a nation s law and regulation framework to produce military material and technology This complexity evolved from the increasing complexity of weapon systems starting in the 20th century For example the Manhattan Project involved more than 130 000 people at an estimated cost of nearly 24 billion in 2008 dollars In the twenty first century the trend has been for countries to cooperate in military procurement due to the rising cost per unit of digital age military hardware such as ships and jets For example Nordic Defence Cooperation established 2009 a grouping of Nordic countries that cooperate in defence spending the Defence and Security Co operation Treaty signed between the United Kingdom and France in 2010 and Joint Strike Fighter program which selected the Lockheed Martin F 35 Lightning II in 2001 included the United States the United Kingdom Australia Italy Canada the Netherlands Norway Denmark Turkey Israel and Japan Activities EditMajor activities related to military acquisition are Project management program management Risk management Earned value management Product management Product life cycle management Contract management Systems engineering Software engineering Computer engineering Human factors Modeling and simulation Security ProcurementIn the European Union EditFurther information Government procurement in the European Union Defence procurement EU member states procurement of arms munitions war material and related works and services acquired for defence purposes and procurement of sensitive supplies works and services required for security purposes are subject to EU Directive 2009 81 EC on Defence and Sensitive Security Procurement 3 The purpose of the directive is to balance the need for transparency and openness in defence markets within the European Single Market with the need to protect individual countries security interests 4 In the United Kingdom EditThe Defence and Security Public Contracts Regulations 2011 which were derived from EU law apply to defence procurement in the UK along with Parts 1 and 2 of the Defence Reform Act 2014 5 6 The Defence Reform Act established a statutory Single Source scheme applicable to situations where there is no competition between suppliers In the United States EditThe US Department of Defense has three principal decision making support systems associated with military acquisition 2 7 8 The Center for Strategic amp International Studies releases a report every year on defense acquisition trends 9 Planning Programming Budgeting and Execution PPBE Process Process for strategic planning program development and resource determination Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System The systematic method established by the Joint Chiefs of Staff for assessing gaps in military joint warfighting capabilities and recommending solutions to resolve these gaps Defense Acquisition System 10 11 The management process used to acquire weapon systems and automated information system Because of the size and scope of such a bureaucracy the US Department of Defense instituted an extensive training program known as the Defense Acquisition University In Canada EditIn Canada military acquisition falls under three separate government departments the Public Services and Procurement Canada PSPC the Department of National Defence DND Innovation Science and Economic Development ISED 12 PSPC is responsible for overseeing and managing the proposal solicitation and evaluation process and once under contract PSPC manages the contract on behalf of DND 13 DND is responsible for a four step process 14 Identify the need for a new or improved capability Analyze the available options to address the identified need If external procurement is the result of the optional analysis then defining the requirements and budget for the procured solution and Implementing the defined solution a ISED is responsible for defining and administering the Industrial and Technological Benefits ITB and Value Proposition VP which are offsets applied to the selected defense procurements ISED may apply offsets to DND and Coast Guard procurements of 20M CAD or about 15M USD or greater 15 All Canadian defence procurement falls under the auspices of the Treasury Board of Canada which establishes national procurement and contracting standards and regulations on behalf of the Government of Canada 16 See also EditAnalysis of Alternatives Defence Equipment and Support UK Defence Materiel Organisation Australia Defense Acquisition University US Integrated Logistics Support Joint Capabilities Integration Development System Logistics Support Analysis Procurement Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition Technology and Logistics Government procurement includes details of relevant procurement law affecting defence procurement in a number of other statesNotes Edit Note A fifth step closeout is not relevant to this description References Edit US Department of Defense quoted at IGI Global Emerging Strategies in Defense Acquisitions and Military Procurement accessed 21 April 2021 a b Defense Acquisition Guidebook US Department of Defense Nov 2004 Archived from the original on 2013 02 13 Retrieved 2010 08 20 Directive 2009 81 EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 service contracts by contracting authorities or entities in the fields of defence and security and amending Directives 2004 17 EC and 2004 18 EC accessed 9 June 2018 European Commission Defence procurement accessed 9 June 2018 UK Legislation Defence and Security Public Contracts Regulations 2011 UK Legislation Defence Reform Act 2014 Part 1 Defence procurement accessed 1 November 2022 Integrated Defense Acquisition Technology and Logistics Life Cycle Management System Chart Defense Acquisition University 28 Jan 2009 1 Congressional Research Service Updated May 23 2014 Defense Acquisitions How DOD Acquires Weapon Systems and Recent Efforts to Reform the Process RL34026 was originally written by Moshe Schwartz Defense Acquisition Trends 2021 www csis org Retrieved 2022 08 05 The Defense Acquisition System US DoD Directive Number 5000 1 DoD D 5000 1 12 May 2003 2 Operation of the Defense Acquisition System US DoD Instruction Number 5000 2 DoD I 5000 1 12 May 2003 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2010 10 10 Retrieved 2010 09 10 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Procurement Strategy accessed 21 April 2021 Supply Manual Defence purchases and upgrades process 11 March 2013 name Industrial and Technological Benefits Policy Value Proposition Guide https www ic gc ca eic site 086 nsf eng 00006 html name Contracting Policy https www tbs sct gc ca pol doc eng aspx id 14494External links Edit Look up military acquisition in Wiktionary the free dictionary Wikimedia Commons has media related to Military acquisition Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition ASAF A 3 Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research Development amp Acquisition ASN RDA 4 Defense Acquisition History Project 5 Defense Procurement News 6 United States Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition Logistics and Technology OASA ALT 7 Defense Acquisition University ACC Practice Center Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Military acquisition amp oldid 1119486018, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
