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Michael A. Stackpole

Michael Austin Stackpole (born November 27, 1957)[1] is an American science fiction and fantasy author best known for his Star Wars and BattleTech books. He was born in Wausau, Wisconsin, but raised in Vermont. He has a BA in history from the University of Vermont. From 1977 on, he worked as a designer of role-playing games for various gaming companies, and wrote dozens of magazine articles with limited distribution within the industry. He lives in Scottsdale, Arizona.

Michael A. Stackpole
Stackpole at the 2017 Phoenix Comicon
Born (1957-11-27) November 27, 1957 (age 66)
Wausau, Wisconsin, U.S.
OccupationWriter, game designer
NationalityAmerican
EducationUniversity of Vermont (BA)
Period1977-
GenreRole-playing games, video games, fantasy, science fiction novels

Game design career edit

Michael Stackpole was hired full-time at Flying Buffalo after they accepted his submission for a solo Tunnels & Trolls adventure which was published in 1978 as City of Terrors.[2]: 36  He wrote columns on industry news and reviews for Flying Buffalo's magazine Sorcerer's Apprentice.[2]: 36  Stackpole worked for Coleco from 1980-1981 after Rick Loomis, Stackpole, and the president of Coleco met at a gaming and pinball convention.[2]: 36  Stackpole designed the roleplaying game Mercenaries, Spies and Private Eyes, which Flying Buffalo published in 1983.[2]: 38  Stackpole left Flying Buffalo after the company's 1985 move to Scottsdale, Arizona.[2]: 39  Stackpole, Ken St. Andre, and Liz Danforth designed the computer roleplaying game Wasteland, published by Interplay in 1988.[2]: 39  He later returned to work with his fellow creators of Wasteland as a writer on its sequel Wasteland 2, released in 2014 by inXile Entertainment.[3]

In response to the accusations of Patricia Pulling (among others) who felt that the "occult" elements of Dungeons & Dragons were driving people to suicide, Stackpole began to defend the game and the roleplaying game community.[2]: 22  Stackpole published one of his first articles about the role-playing games misinformation from the media in Sorcerer's Apprentice #14 (Spring 1982) as an article titled "Devil Games? Nonsense!",[2]: 38  and even debated the Western Regional Director of Pulling's BADD organization on a radio program broadcast on July 14, 1987.[2]: 22  He compared BADD's statistics of suicides among role-playing gamers to the rate of general teen suicide and found the percentage of roleplayers committing suicide was actually lower than those who were not gamers, and published his argument in an article called "The Truth about Role-Playing Games" in the 1989 book Satanism in America; he also published the document "The Pulling Report" in 1990, which further discredited Pulling's stand against roleplaying games.[2]: 22 

In the 1980s, Stackpole began designing computer games for Coleco and then Interplay Productions. His work at Interplay included Bard's Tale III, Wasteland, Neuromancer, Star Trek: 25th Anniversary and Star Trek: Judgment Rites. He also created the role-playing game Mercenaries, Spies and Private Eyes, which provided the game mechanics for Wasteland, and wrote several solo adventures for the Tunnels & Trolls role-playing system, including "Dargon's Dungeon", "Overkill", "City of Terrors" and "Sewers of Oblivion".

Stackpole loaned his image to Decipher for the image of Corran Horn used in their Star Wars Customizable Card Game expansion "Reflections 2". Timothy Zahn did likewise for the character Talon Karrde. Stackpole teamed up with Decipher again, helping them write the background story to their WARS TCG, including e-books and other writing tie-ins for the expanded universe.

In January, 2019 Stackpole resigned from the Board of Directors of GAMA (Game Manufacturer's Association), citing its inactivity and the poor handling of an incident involving GAMA President Stephen Brissaud.[4] He was one of the few remaining Emeritus Directors (alongside Rick Loomis and Will Niebling).

Writing career edit

 
Michael A. Stackpole at Dragon Con 2007

In 1986 Stackpole wrote his first novel, the fantasy story Talion: Revenant. His editors believed that a 175,000 word book was too long for an unknown author and that the story wasn't particularly engaging. The story remained unpublished for the next 11 years until reworked by Stackpole's editor, Anne Lesley Groell. Stackpole clarifies these issues himself in the afterword of the published version of Talion. The manuscript was published in 1997 by Bantam Books.

Stackpole's first published novels were the Warrior trilogy for the BattleTech universe, published by FASA in 1988-1989.[2]: 122  His "Blood of Kerensky" trilogy (1989-1991) were the last novels that FASA directly published; BattleTech: The Animated Series (1994) was set during the events of this trilogy.[2]: 124  Stackpole also wrote a trilogy of novels published in 1992, which were based on the Dark Conspiracy roleplaying game by GDW.[2]: 60 

Stackpole has found his greatest success in serial works that continue the characters and plot lines developed by other authors. In 1987 he began writing novels set in the BattleTech universe for FASA Corporation, some of which were used as the source for a television animated series. He was then selected to write several novels in the Star Wars universe for Bantam Books. He also wrote several comics based in the Star Wars universe for Dark Horse Comics. Initially these covered the period just before his X-Wing novels. Later, he also covered the marriage of Luke Skywalker and Mara Jade in the graphic novel Union and collaborated with Timothy Zahn on Mara Jade's early career. In the foreword to his book Outbound Flight, Timothy Zahn thanks Stackpole and issues a challenge at Star Wars Trivial Pursuit.

In addition, he has written several novels and short stories with original settings. One series is the DragonCrown War Cycle. These books attempted to break fantasy conventions in order to stir reader interest, including the introduction of firearms in a fantasy setting. Reception of these books was fairly positive based on Amazon reviews, but reviews elsewhere were not as good.[5]

Stackpole contributed one of the four stories in Roger Zelazny's shared world anthology Forever After, published by Baen Books in 1995. He was a contributor in the 1998 anthology Lord of the Fantastic commemorating Zelazny.

The Age of Discovery trilogy is his latest complete series, with A New World released mid-2007. The trilogy is set in a fantasy world, with an attempt at an unconventional approach to magic and mastery.

The Crown Colonies is a trilogy that re-imagines the events of the American Revolutionary War. The first book, At The Queen's Command, was released in November 2010.

At New York Comic Con 2012, it was revealed that Blizzard Entertainment had approached Stackpole to write the next novel in their series based on the popular MMORPG, World of Warcraft. The novel, titled Vol’jin: Shadows of the Horde, centres around the chieftain of the Darkspear Trolls as his loyalty to the Horde is put to the ultimate test after an assassination attempt on his life. The novel was released in July 2013.

The Secrets edit

Newsletter edit

Stackpole also writes and publishes an online newsletter titled The Secrets, which offers tips, tricks, and tidbits about fiction writing (focusing on, but not limited to, science fiction and fantasy). It is aimed towards the serious fan fiction writer and some casual writers, and includes information about getting books published..

Topics discussed in the newsletter range from how to beat writer's block to how to build a world, and even how to manage writing as a career.

The Secrets newsletter requires a subscription, and issues are released every two weeks.

Podcast edit

The Secrets Newsletter has an "audio companion" in The Secrets Podcast. The first ten podcasts were based on material from the first ten issues of The Secrets newsletter. After the first series ended, the content of the podcast diverged from the newsletter. The podcasts average twenty-five minutes long and are voiced and produced by Stackpole.

The podcasts are free and require no subscription, but older episodes have been retired and are no longer available on the main archive.

Stackpole is also one of the main hosts on The Dragon Page Cover to Cover, a book review and interview show dealing mainly with fantasy and sci fi publications, together with Michael R. Mennenga.

Skepticism edit

Stackpole has been the executive director of the Phoenix Skeptics since 1988 and is listed as the contact for the group in the magazine Skeptical Inquirer.

Asteroid edit

An outer main-belt asteroid discovered March 23, 2001 by David B. Healy was named 165612 Stackpole.[6]

Novels edit

DragonCrown War edit

Published by Bantam Books.

  • 2000 The Dark Glory War
  • 2001 Fortress Draconis
  • 2002 When Dragons Rage
  • 2003 The Grand Crusade

Age of Discovery edit

Published by Bantam Books.

The Crown Colonies edit

Published by Night Shade Books.

  • 2010 At The Queen's Command.
  • 2011 Of Limited Loyalty. [7]

Homeland Security Services edit

  • 2011 Perfectly Invisible (Stormwolf.com)

World of Warcraft edit

  • 2013 Vol'jin: Shadows of the Horde

BattleTech edit

The BattleTech novels were originally published by FASA Corporation up until 1991. In that year, Penguin Group/Roc Books took over the line and also reprinted the earlier novels. The last print novel of the classic BattleTech setting was published in 2002; in the same year, the first novel for the Dark Age setting (set some 100 years after the classic setting) was published, written by Stackpole. His novels were typically "spine novels" that moved the setting ahead, narrating large-scale or otherwise important events with far-reaching consequences in the fictional timeline.

Warrior Trilogy
Blood of Kerensky Trilogy
Other BattleTech Spine Novels
Mechwarrior - Dark Age setting

Star Wars edit

Dark Conspiracy edit

Published by GDW.

  • 1991 A Gathering Evil
  • 1991 Evil Ascending
  • 1992 Evil Triumphant

Others edit

  • 1994 Once a Hero (Bantam Books)
  • 1994 Dementia (Roc/Target)
  • 1997 Talion: Revenant (Bantam Books)
  • 1997 A Hero Born (HarperPrism)
  • 1998 An Enemy Reborn (HarperPrism)
  • 1998 Wolf and Raven (Roc/FASA)
  • 1998 Eyes of Silver (Bantam Books)
  • 2010 In Hero Years I'm Dead (Stormwolf.com)
  • 2011 Conan the Barbarian (Berkley Books)
  • 2014 The Crusader Road (Paizo Publishing)

Other publications edit

  • 1982 Grimtooth's Traps Too (co-author)
  • 1982 Citybook I: Butcher, Baker, Candlestick Maker (co-author)
  • 1984 Citybook II: Port o' Call (co-author, co-editor)
  • 1987 Citybook III: Deadly Nightside (co-author, editor)
  • 1988 Lords of Darkness (co-author)
  • 1989
  • 1990 The Pulling Report
  • 1990 Citybook IV: On the Road (co-author, contributing editor)
  • 1990 Sprawl Sites (co-author)
  • 1991 (with co author Loren K. Wiseman) Questions and Answers about Role Playing Games Game Manufacturers Association (GAMA)
  • 1991 Citybook V: Sideshow (co-author)
  • 1994 GAMA News, Model Retailer, March, 98-99
  • 1995 ACE Books, Superheroes (Editted by Lynne Varley) Peer Review
  • 2010 Steampunk'd (Edited by Jean Rabe and Martin H. Greenberg), Chance Corrigan and the Tick Tock King of the Nile
  • 2012 Complete Kobold Guide to Game Design (co-author)
  • 2012 The Kobold Guide to Worldbuilding (co-author)
  • 2013 A Hero by Any Other Name (Short story anthology edited by Jean Rabe)

References edit

  1. ^ Stackpole, Michael. "Michael Stackpole's Myspace Page". Myspace. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Shannon Appelcline (2011). Designers & Dragons. Mongoose Publishing. ISBN 978-1-907702-58-7.
  3. ^ "Wasteland 2". Internet Movie Database.
  4. ^ Tech Raptor - Michael A. Stackpole Resigns from GAMA, Slams Board of Directors
  5. ^ Johnson, Beth. "The DragonCrown War Cycle: Fanboy fantasy at its very worst". FantasyLiterature.com.
  6. ^ 165612 Stackpole (2001 FP86). JPL Small-Body Database Browser. California Institute of Technology. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
  7. ^ "Stackpole, Michael A. - Crown Colonies Book 2: Of Limited Loyalty". Night Shade Books. 2006-08-28. Retrieved 2012-07-31.

External links edit

  • Personal Website
  • The Pulling Report: the result of Stackpole's research (see above)
  • Interview at SFFWorld.com
  • Interview with Mike Stackpole by GameSpy
  • Interview with Michael Stackpole on Slice of SciFi
  • Interview with Michael A. Stackpole on I Should Be Writing (audio)
  • Michael A. Stackpole at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

michael, stackpole, michael, austin, stackpole, born, november, 1957, american, science, fiction, fantasy, author, best, known, star, wars, battletech, books, born, wausau, wisconsin, raised, vermont, history, from, university, vermont, from, 1977, worked, des. Michael Austin Stackpole born November 27 1957 1 is an American science fiction and fantasy author best known for his Star Wars and BattleTech books He was born in Wausau Wisconsin but raised in Vermont He has a BA in history from the University of Vermont From 1977 on he worked as a designer of role playing games for various gaming companies and wrote dozens of magazine articles with limited distribution within the industry He lives in Scottsdale Arizona Michael A StackpoleStackpole at the 2017 Phoenix ComiconBorn 1957 11 27 November 27 1957 age 66 Wausau Wisconsin U S OccupationWriter game designerNationalityAmericanEducationUniversity of Vermont BA Period1977 GenreRole playing games video games fantasy science fiction novels Contents 1 Game design career 2 Writing career 3 The Secrets 3 1 Newsletter 3 2 Podcast 4 Skepticism 5 Asteroid 6 Novels 6 1 DragonCrown War 6 2 Age of Discovery 6 3 The Crown Colonies 6 4 Homeland Security Services 6 5 World of Warcraft 6 6 BattleTech 6 7 Star Wars 6 8 Dark Conspiracy 6 9 Others 7 Other publications 8 References 9 External linksGame design career editMichael Stackpole was hired full time at Flying Buffalo after they accepted his submission for a solo Tunnels amp Trolls adventure which was published in 1978 as City of Terrors 2 36 He wrote columns on industry news and reviews for Flying Buffalo s magazine Sorcerer s Apprentice 2 36 Stackpole worked for Coleco from 1980 1981 after Rick Loomis Stackpole and the president of Coleco met at a gaming and pinball convention 2 36 Stackpole designed the roleplaying game Mercenaries Spies and Private Eyes which Flying Buffalo published in 1983 2 38 Stackpole left Flying Buffalo after the company s 1985 move to Scottsdale Arizona 2 39 Stackpole Ken St Andre and Liz Danforth designed the computer roleplaying game Wasteland published by Interplay in 1988 2 39 He later returned to work with his fellow creators of Wasteland as a writer on its sequel Wasteland 2 released in 2014 by inXile Entertainment 3 In response to the accusations of Patricia Pulling among others who felt that the occult elements of Dungeons amp Dragons were driving people to suicide Stackpole began to defend the game and the roleplaying game community 2 22 Stackpole published one of his first articles about the role playing games misinformation from the media in Sorcerer s Apprentice 14 Spring 1982 as an article titled Devil Games Nonsense 2 38 and even debated the Western Regional Director of Pulling s BADD organization on a radio program broadcast on July 14 1987 2 22 He compared BADD s statistics of suicides among role playing gamers to the rate of general teen suicide and found the percentage of roleplayers committing suicide was actually lower than those who were not gamers and published his argument in an article called The Truth about Role Playing Games in the 1989 book Satanism in America he also published the document The Pulling Report in 1990 which further discredited Pulling s stand against roleplaying games 2 22 In the 1980s Stackpole began designing computer games for Coleco and then Interplay Productions His work at Interplay included Bard s Tale III Wasteland Neuromancer Star Trek 25th Anniversary and Star Trek Judgment Rites He also created the role playing game Mercenaries Spies and Private Eyes which provided the game mechanics for Wasteland and wrote several solo adventures for the Tunnels amp Trolls role playing system including Dargon s Dungeon Overkill City of Terrors and Sewers of Oblivion Stackpole loaned his image to Decipher for the image of Corran Horn used in their Star Wars Customizable Card Game expansion Reflections 2 Timothy Zahn did likewise for the character Talon Karrde Stackpole teamed up with Decipher again helping them write the background story to their WARS TCG including e books and other writing tie ins for the expanded universe In January 2019 Stackpole resigned from the Board of Directors of GAMA Game Manufacturer s Association citing its inactivity and the poor handling of an incident involving GAMA President Stephen Brissaud 4 He was one of the few remaining Emeritus Directors alongside Rick Loomis and Will Niebling Writing career edit nbsp Michael A Stackpole at Dragon Con 2007In 1986 Stackpole wrote his first novel the fantasy story Talion Revenant His editors believed that a 175 000 word book was too long for an unknown author and that the story wasn t particularly engaging The story remained unpublished for the next 11 years until reworked by Stackpole s editor Anne Lesley Groell Stackpole clarifies these issues himself in the afterword of the published version of Talion The manuscript was published in 1997 by Bantam Books Stackpole s first published novels were the Warrior trilogy for the BattleTech universe published by FASA in 1988 1989 2 122 His Blood of Kerensky trilogy 1989 1991 were the last novels that FASA directly published BattleTech The Animated Series 1994 was set during the events of this trilogy 2 124 Stackpole also wrote a trilogy of novels published in 1992 which were based on the Dark Conspiracy roleplaying game by GDW 2 60 Stackpole has found his greatest success in serial works that continue the characters and plot lines developed by other authors In 1987 he began writing novels set in the BattleTech universe for FASA Corporation some of which were used as the source for a television animated series He was then selected to write several novels in the Star Wars universe for Bantam Books He also wrote several comics based in the Star Wars universe for Dark Horse Comics Initially these covered the period just before his X Wing novels Later he also covered the marriage of Luke Skywalker and Mara Jade in the graphic novel Union and collaborated with Timothy Zahn on Mara Jade s early career In the foreword to his book Outbound Flight Timothy Zahn thanks Stackpole and issues a challenge at Star Wars Trivial Pursuit In addition he has written several novels and short stories with original settings One series is the DragonCrown War Cycle These books attempted to break fantasy conventions in order to stir reader interest including the introduction of firearms in a fantasy setting Reception of these books was fairly positive based on Amazon reviews but reviews elsewhere were not as good 5 Stackpole contributed one of the four stories in Roger Zelazny s shared world anthology Forever After published by Baen Books in 1995 He was a contributor in the 1998 anthology Lord of the Fantastic commemorating Zelazny The Age of Discovery trilogy is his latest complete series with A New World released mid 2007 The trilogy is set in a fantasy world with an attempt at an unconventional approach to magic and mastery The Crown Colonies is a trilogy that re imagines the events of the American Revolutionary War The first book At The Queen s Command was released in November 2010 At New York Comic Con 2012 it was revealed that Blizzard Entertainment had approached Stackpole to write the next novel in their series based on the popular MMORPG World of Warcraft The novel titled Vol jin Shadows of the Horde centres around the chieftain of the Darkspear Trolls as his loyalty to the Horde is put to the ultimate test after an assassination attempt on his life The novel was released in July 2013 The Secrets editNewsletter edit Stackpole also writes and publishes an online newsletter titled The Secrets which offers tips tricks and tidbits about fiction writing focusing on but not limited to science fiction and fantasy It is aimed towards the serious fan fiction writer and some casual writers and includes information about getting books published Topics discussed in the newsletter range from how to beat writer s block to how to build a world and even how to manage writing as a career The Secrets newsletter requires a subscription and issues are released every two weeks Podcast edit The Secrets Newsletter has an audio companion in The Secrets Podcast The first ten podcasts were based on material from the first ten issues of The Secrets newsletter After the first series ended the content of the podcast diverged from the newsletter The podcasts average twenty five minutes long and are voiced and produced by Stackpole The podcasts are free and require no subscription but older episodes have been retired and are no longer available on the main archive Stackpole is also one of the main hosts on The Dragon Page Cover to Cover a book review and interview show dealing mainly with fantasy and sci fi publications together with Michael R Mennenga Skepticism editStackpole has been the executive director of the Phoenix Skeptics since 1988 and is listed as the contact for the group in the magazine Skeptical Inquirer Asteroid editAn outer main belt asteroid discovered March 23 2001 by David B Healy was named 165612 Stackpole 6 Novels editDragonCrown War edit Published by Bantam Books 2000 The Dark Glory War 2001 Fortress Draconis 2002 When Dragons Rage 2003 The Grand CrusadeAge of Discovery edit Published by Bantam Books 2005 A Secret Atlas 2006 Cartomancy 2007 The New WorldThe Crown Colonies edit Published by Night Shade Books 2010 At The Queen s Command 2011 Of Limited Loyalty 7 Homeland Security Services edit 2011 Perfectly Invisible Stormwolf com World of Warcraft edit 2013 Vol jin Shadows of the HordeBattleTech edit The BattleTech novels were originally published by FASA Corporation up until 1991 In that year Penguin Group Roc Books took over the line and also reprinted the earlier novels The last print novel of the classic BattleTech setting was published in 2002 in the same year the first novel for the Dark Age setting set some 100 years after the classic setting was published written by Stackpole His novels were typically spine novels that moved the setting ahead narrating large scale or otherwise important events with far reaching consequences in the fictional timeline Warrior Trilogy1988 Warrior En Garde FASA ROC reprint 1988 Warrior Riposte FASA ROC reprint 1989 Warrior Coupe FASA ROC reprint Blood of Kerensky Trilogy1989 Lethal Heritage FASA ROC reprint 1990 Blood Legacy FASA ROC reprint 1991 Lost Destiny FASA ROC reprint Other BattleTech Spine Novels1992 Natural Selection novel ROC 1993 Assumption of Risk ROC 1994 Bred For War ROC 1996 Malicious Intent ROC 1997 Grave Covenant ROC Twilight of the Clans series 2 1998 Prince of Havoc ROC Twilight of the Clans series 7Mechwarrior Dark Age setting2002 Ghost War ROC WizKids 2007 Masters of War ROC WizKids Star Wars edit 1996 X Wing Rogue Squadron Bantam Books 1996 X Wing Wedge s Gamble Bantam Books 1996 X Wing The Krytos Trap Bantam Books 1997 X Wing The Bacta War Bantam Books 1998 I Jedi Bantam Books 1999 X Wing Isard s Revenge Bantam Books 2000 The New Jedi Order Dark Tide I Onslaught Del Rey Books 2000 The New Jedi Order Dark Tide II Ruin Del Rey Books Dark Conspiracy edit Published by GDW 1991 A Gathering Evil 1991 Evil Ascending 1992 Evil TriumphantOthers edit 1994 Once a Hero Bantam Books 1994 Dementia Roc Target 1997 Talion Revenant Bantam Books 1997 A Hero Born HarperPrism 1998 An Enemy Reborn HarperPrism 1998 Wolf and Raven Roc FASA 1998 Eyes of Silver Bantam Books 2010 In Hero Years I m Dead Stormwolf com 2011 Conan the Barbarian Berkley Books 2014 The Crusader Road Paizo Publishing Other publications edit1982 Grimtooth s Traps Too co author 1982 Citybook I Butcher Baker Candlestick Maker co author 1984 Citybook II Port o Call co author co editor 1987 Citybook III Deadly Nightside co author editor 1988 Lords of Darkness co author 1989 Game Hysteria and the Truth 1990 The Pulling Report 1990 Citybook IV On the Road co author contributing editor 1990 Sprawl Sites co author 1991 with co author Loren K Wiseman Questions and Answers about Role Playing Games Game Manufacturers Association GAMA 1991 Citybook V Sideshow co author 1994 GAMA News Model Retailer March 98 99 1995 ACE Books Superheroes Editted by Lynne Varley Peer Review 2010 Steampunk d Edited by Jean Rabe and Martin H Greenberg Chance Corrigan and the Tick Tock King of the Nile 2012 Complete Kobold Guide to Game Design co author 2012 The Kobold Guide to Worldbuilding co author 2013 A Hero by Any Other Name Short story anthology edited by Jean Rabe References edit Stackpole Michael Michael Stackpole s Myspace Page Myspace Retrieved 5 December 2008 a b c d e f g h i j k l m Shannon Appelcline 2011 Designers amp Dragons Mongoose Publishing ISBN 978 1 907702 58 7 Wasteland 2 Internet Movie Database Tech Raptor Michael A Stackpole Resigns from GAMA Slams Board of Directors Johnson Beth The DragonCrown War Cycle Fanboy fantasy at its very worst FantasyLiterature com 165612 Stackpole 2001 FP86 JPL Small Body Database Browser California Institute of Technology Retrieved October 7 2012 Stackpole Michael A Crown Colonies Book 2 Of Limited Loyalty Night Shade Books 2006 08 28 Retrieved 2012 07 31 External links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Michael A Stackpole Personal Website The Pulling Report the result of Stackpole s research see above Interview at SFFWorld com Wars CCG Short Story collection online Interview with Mike Stackpole by GameSpy Pen amp Paper listing for Mike Stackpole Interview with Michael Stackpole on Slice of SciFi Interview with Michael A Stackpole on I Should Be Writing audio Michael A Stackpole at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Michael A Stackpole amp oldid 1171257883, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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