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Midland Bank

Midland Bank Plc was one of the Big Four banking groups in the United Kingdom for most of the 20th century. It is now part of HSBC. The bank was founded as the Birmingham and Midland Bank in Union Street, Birmingham, England in August 1836. It expanded in the Midlands, absorbing many local banks, and merged with the Central Bank of London Ltd. in 1891, becoming the London City and Midland Bank.

Midland Bank Plc
Former head office at 27 Poultry, designed in 1924 by Edwin Lutyens and built in stages[1] until 1939[2]
Company typePublic limited company
IndustryFinancial services
PredecessorNorth of Scotland Bank 
Founded22 August 1836; 187 years ago (1836-08-22)
Birmingham, England
DefunctJune 1999
FateAcquired by HSBC Holdings (1992), brand retired (1999)
SuccessorHSBC Bank Plc
Headquarters27 Poultry, London, EC2
ProductsBanking and insurance
ParentHSBC Holdings plc
Website

After a period of nationwide expansion, including the acquisition of many smaller banks, the name Midland Bank Ltd was adopted in 1923. By 1934, it was the largest deposit bank in the world. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange, and was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index, but in June 1992, it was taken over by HSBC Holdings plc, which phased out the Midland Bank name by June 1999 in favour of HSBC Bank.

On 10 June 2015, HSBC announced that it would be rebranding its branches in the United Kingdom. HSBC chairman Douglas Flint described the Midland brand as "odds on favourite" for a return to the high street.[3] In September 2015, it was announced that the Midland Bank name would not be revived, and the branch network in the United Kingdom would be branded "HSBC UK".[4]

History edit

Early history edit

 
Midland Bank's head office banking hall at 27 Poultry, built in the late 1920s
 
Former Threadneedle Street head office of The City Bank, which became London City and Midland Bank
 
The Lutyens-designed 100 King Street, Manchester

Midland Bank was founded by Charles Geach, its first manager in Union Street, Birmingham, England, in August 1836. Geach had formerly worked at the Bank of England; he secured the business support and capital backing of leading merchants and manufacturers in Birmingham.[5]

 
1967 letter telling a customer about the introduction of electronic data processing

In the 1830s and 1840s, Midland offered discounted bills of exchange for customers.[5] By the 1850s the bank's customers included railways, iron founders and engineering concerns, utilities and municipal corporations.[5]

Midland acquired Stourbridge Old Bank in 1851 and Nichols, Baker and Crane of Bewdley in 1862.[5]

Acquisitions and development in its first 50 years edit

From the 1880s, it expanded its customer base by opening new branches and acquiring other banks. In 1891 it acquired the Central Bank of London (which gave Midland a seat in the London Bankers' Clearing House, in 1898 it bought the City Bank[5] (which provided a London head office), in 1901 it acquired the Sheffield Union Bank, in 1913 the Sheffield and Hallamshire Bank and, in 1914, it acquired the Birmingham Banking Company.[6]

By 1918, with deposits of £335 million, it ranked as the largest bank in the world. Edward Hopkinson Holden led the bank at this time first as Managing Director from 1898 to 1908 and then as Chairman and Managing Director from 1908 until his death in 1919. He oversaw more than twenty bank amalgamations between 1891 and 1918, and opened new branches throughout England and Wales.[5]

Holden also expanded overseas; it was the first British bank to set up a foreign exchange department and, by 1919, it was acting as London bank to some 650 correspondent banks throughout the world. From 1907, these correspondents included The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation.[5]

After the First World War, the leading British banks entered an agreement with the government that they would not attempt further amalgamations without Treasury approval. As a result, Midland turned its attention to expanding its branch network, adding new banking services, mechanising its systems (from 1928) and advertising its activities.[5]

Post war recovery and international alliances edit

Midland responded to the ending of credit restrictions in 1958, by extending its branch network and by introducing a series of innovative services, including personal loans (1958), personal cheque accounts (1958) and cheque cards (1966).[5] In 1958, it acquired Forward Trust, which became a leader in installment finance, leasing and factoring services.[5]

In 1967, Midland acquired a share in Montagu Trust, the owner of Samuel Montagu & Co., and thereby became the first British clearing bank to own a London merchant bank. Samuel Montagu, with its own history dating back to 1853, became a wholly owned subsidiary in 1974, and is now part of HSBC's private banking business.[5]

Through the acquisition of Samuel Montagu & Co, Midland also gained a majority share in Guyerzeller Bank AG (now HSBC Guyerzeller Bank) in Switzerland.[5] Further diversification followed in 1972, when Midland was the leading member of the consortium that acquired the Thomas Cook travel business. After becoming sole owner in 1977, Midland sold its interest in 1992.[5]

In 1974, Midland began to open branches or representative offices in overseas countries and to acquire other international banks. The largest of these was the purchase of a majority share in Crocker National of California, United States: this was not a success and Midland was forced to take full ownership in 1985 so that it could sell it to Wells Fargo the following year.[5]

In 1980, Midland acquired a controlling interest in Trinkaus & Burkhardt KGaA, a private bank in Germany with a long history of its own, today HSBC Trinkaus.

In 1984, in a bid to grab market share Midland scrapped current account charges.[7][8] It was so successful that all other banks in the United Kingdom had to quickly follow and offer the same or risk losing their customers. The country has had free banking ever since.

Midland joins the HSBC Group edit

The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation acquired a 14.9% equity interest in Midland Bank in 1987, and a strong working relationship developed. In October 1989, First Direct was established and was at the forefront of telephone banking, with person to person service available twenty four hours a day, 365 days a year.[5]

In June 1992, HSBC Holdings plc acquired full ownership of Midland Bank. At the time, it was one of the largest acquisitions in banking history, and gave HSBC a major foothold in Europe, which it needed to complement its existing business in Asia and the Americas, when it had to move its Hong Kong based headquarters to London on 1 January 1993, accepting primary banking supervision by the Bank of England.

Midland Bank was renamed HSBC Bank in June 1999, as part of the adoption of the HSBC brand throughout the Group.[5]

The last head office of the Midland Bank, opposite the Bank of England in Poultry and Princes Street, was sold in October 2006 to a tycoon from Russia, with HSBC vacating the banking hall on the ground floor and huge underground deposit vaults in 2007. In 2012 the ground floor was used in the Channel 4 game show The Bank Job. The architect John Alfred Gotch designed the building, with assistance from Sir Edwin Lutyens.

Built between 1921 and 1939, and symbol of the 1930s pride of the biggest bank in the world, the building is now The Ned Hotel City of London.[9][10]

Until around 2020, the HSBC UK SWIFT code (all offices in the United Kingdom) remained MIDLGB22, reflecting its past as the Midland Bank.[11]

Branding edit

Midland Bank was famous for its golden griffin logo, surrounded by golden coins originally introduced in 1965 on a black, then later blue background, and for its slogan "the listening bank", written by the advertising executive Rod Allen. Advertisements for the bank appeared in the popular computer game Theme Park. An animated friendly version of the Griffin fronted the bank's television advertising during the 1980s.[12]

Midland Bank still traded as Midland Bank, but started adopting an HSBC byline by the early 1990s, started using the HSBC logo from 1997, and was finally rebranded as HSBC Bank in June 1999, as part of the adoption of the HSBC brand throughout the group. However, a dormant subsidiary, Midland Bank (Branch Nominees) Limited, continues to be registered at Companies House.[13]

References edit

  1. ^ "Midland Bank, Poultry". Know Your London. 23 November 2020.
  2. ^ "Midland Bank". Claxity. 10 June 2019.
  3. ^ Titcomb, James (12 June 2015). "Is this the new name for HSBC? Chairman says former brand Midland is 'odds-on favourite'". telegraph.co.uk. Telegraph. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  4. ^ Cartledge, James (3 September 2015). "No return for Midland Bank name, HSBC confirms". birminghammail.co.uk. Birmingham Mail. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p HSBC Group in Europe 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "Birmingham Banking Company Records - Archives Hub". Archives Hub. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  7. ^ Philip Aldrick (24 May 2012). "Free banking should end Bank official says". telegraph.co.uk. telegraph. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  8. ^ James Titcomb (3 January 2015). "You may not know it, but you are paying for your bank". telegraph.co.uk. telegraph. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  9. ^ Russian tycoon buys former Midland HQ
  10. ^ "The Ned | A 5 Star Hotel in the City of London". www.thened.com. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  11. ^ "Swift Code (BIC) - MIDLGB22 XXX - HSBC BANK PLC (ALL U.K. OFFICES)". Bank-codes.com. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  12. ^ "Midland Bank return: Remember the adverts and gifts that made you save your pennies?". 9 June 2015.
  13. ^ No. 239325, incorporated 6 May 1929

External links edit

  1. ^ "SWIFT Code (BIC), MIDLGB22, MIDLGB22XXX, HSBC BANK PLC (ALL U.K. OFFICES), UNITED KINGDOM". www.allbankswiftcodes.com. Retrieved 4 February 2018.

midland, bank, four, banking, groups, united, kingdom, most, 20th, century, part, hsbc, bank, founded, birmingham, union, street, birmingham, england, august, 1836, expanded, midlands, absorbing, many, local, banks, merged, with, central, bank, london, 1891, b. Midland Bank Plc was one of the Big Four banking groups in the United Kingdom for most of the 20th century It is now part of HSBC The bank was founded as the Birmingham and Midland Bank in Union Street Birmingham England in August 1836 It expanded in the Midlands absorbing many local banks and merged with the Central Bank of London Ltd in 1891 becoming the London City and Midland Bank Midland Bank PlcFormer head office at 27 Poultry designed in 1924 by Edwin Lutyens and built in stages 1 until 1939 2 Company typePublic limited companyIndustryFinancial servicesPredecessorNorth of Scotland Bank Founded22 August 1836 187 years ago 1836 08 22 Birmingham EnglandDefunctJune 1999FateAcquired by HSBC Holdings 1992 brand retired 1999 SuccessorHSBC Bank PlcHeadquarters27 Poultry London EC2ProductsBanking and insuranceParentHSBC Holdings plcWebsitemidlandbank co uk archive After a period of nationwide expansion including the acquisition of many smaller banks the name Midland Bank Ltd was adopted in 1923 By 1934 it was the largest deposit bank in the world It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index but in June 1992 it was taken over by HSBC Holdings plc which phased out the Midland Bank name by June 1999 in favour of HSBC Bank On 10 June 2015 HSBC announced that it would be rebranding its branches in the United Kingdom HSBC chairman Douglas Flint described the Midland brand as odds on favourite for a return to the high street 3 In September 2015 it was announced that the Midland Bank name would not be revived and the branch network in the United Kingdom would be branded HSBC UK 4 Contents 1 History 1 1 Early history 1 2 Acquisitions and development in its first 50 years 1 3 Post war recovery and international alliances 1 4 Midland joins the HSBC Group 2 Branding 3 References 4 External linksHistory editEarly history edit nbsp Midland Bank s head office banking hall at 27 Poultry built in the late 1920s nbsp Former Threadneedle Street head office of The City Bank which became London City and Midland Bank nbsp The Lutyens designed 100 King Street Manchester Midland Bank was founded by Charles Geach its first manager in Union Street Birmingham England in August 1836 Geach had formerly worked at the Bank of England he secured the business support and capital backing of leading merchants and manufacturers in Birmingham 5 nbsp 1967 letter telling a customer about the introduction of electronic data processing In the 1830s and 1840s Midland offered discounted bills of exchange for customers 5 By the 1850s the bank s customers included railways iron founders and engineering concerns utilities and municipal corporations 5 Midland acquired Stourbridge Old Bank in 1851 and Nichols Baker and Crane of Bewdley in 1862 5 Acquisitions and development in its first 50 years edit From the 1880s it expanded its customer base by opening new branches and acquiring other banks In 1891 it acquired the Central Bank of London which gave Midland a seat in the London Bankers Clearing House in 1898 it bought the City Bank 5 which provided a London head office in 1901 it acquired the Sheffield Union Bank in 1913 the Sheffield and Hallamshire Bank and in 1914 it acquired the Birmingham Banking Company 6 By 1918 with deposits of 335 million it ranked as the largest bank in the world Edward Hopkinson Holden led the bank at this time first as Managing Director from 1898 to 1908 and then as Chairman and Managing Director from 1908 until his death in 1919 He oversaw more than twenty bank amalgamations between 1891 and 1918 and opened new branches throughout England and Wales 5 Holden also expanded overseas it was the first British bank to set up a foreign exchange department and by 1919 it was acting as London bank to some 650 correspondent banks throughout the world From 1907 these correspondents included The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation 5 After the First World War the leading British banks entered an agreement with the government that they would not attempt further amalgamations without Treasury approval As a result Midland turned its attention to expanding its branch network adding new banking services mechanising its systems from 1928 and advertising its activities 5 Post war recovery and international alliances edit Midland responded to the ending of credit restrictions in 1958 by extending its branch network and by introducing a series of innovative services including personal loans 1958 personal cheque accounts 1958 and cheque cards 1966 5 In 1958 it acquired Forward Trust which became a leader in installment finance leasing and factoring services 5 In 1967 Midland acquired a share in Montagu Trust the owner of Samuel Montagu amp Co and thereby became the first British clearing bank to own a London merchant bank Samuel Montagu with its own history dating back to 1853 became a wholly owned subsidiary in 1974 and is now part of HSBC s private banking business 5 Through the acquisition of Samuel Montagu amp Co Midland also gained a majority share in Guyerzeller Bank AG now HSBC Guyerzeller Bank in Switzerland 5 Further diversification followed in 1972 when Midland was the leading member of the consortium that acquired the Thomas Cook travel business After becoming sole owner in 1977 Midland sold its interest in 1992 5 In 1974 Midland began to open branches or representative offices in overseas countries and to acquire other international banks The largest of these was the purchase of a majority share in Crocker National of California United States this was not a success and Midland was forced to take full ownership in 1985 so that it could sell it to Wells Fargo the following year 5 In 1980 Midland acquired a controlling interest in Trinkaus amp Burkhardt KGaA a private bank in Germany with a long history of its own today HSBC Trinkaus In 1984 in a bid to grab market share Midland scrapped current account charges 7 8 It was so successful that all other banks in the United Kingdom had to quickly follow and offer the same or risk losing their customers The country has had free banking ever since Midland joins the HSBC Group edit The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation acquired a 14 9 equity interest in Midland Bank in 1987 and a strong working relationship developed In October 1989 First Direct was established and was at the forefront of telephone banking with person to person service available twenty four hours a day 365 days a year 5 In June 1992 HSBC Holdings plc acquired full ownership of Midland Bank At the time it was one of the largest acquisitions in banking history and gave HSBC a major foothold in Europe which it needed to complement its existing business in Asia and the Americas when it had to move its Hong Kong based headquarters to London on 1 January 1993 accepting primary banking supervision by the Bank of England Midland Bank was renamed HSBC Bank in June 1999 as part of the adoption of the HSBC brand throughout the Group 5 The last head office of the Midland Bank opposite the Bank of England in Poultry and Princes Street was sold in October 2006 to a tycoon from Russia with HSBC vacating the banking hall on the ground floor and huge underground deposit vaults in 2007 In 2012 the ground floor was used in the Channel 4 game show The Bank Job The architect John Alfred Gotch designed the building with assistance from Sir Edwin Lutyens Built between 1921 and 1939 and symbol of the 1930s pride of the biggest bank in the world the building is now The Ned Hotel City of London 9 10 Until around 2020 the HSBC UK SWIFT code all offices in the United Kingdom remained MIDLGB22 reflecting its past as the Midland Bank 11 Branding editMidland Bank was famous for its golden griffin logo surrounded by golden coins originally introduced in 1965 on a black then later blue background and for its slogan the listening bank written by the advertising executive Rod Allen Advertisements for the bank appeared in the popular computer game Theme Park An animated friendly version of the Griffin fronted the bank s television advertising during the 1980s 12 Midland Bank still traded as Midland Bank but started adopting an HSBC byline by the early 1990s started using the HSBC logo from 1997 and was finally rebranded as HSBC Bank in June 1999 as part of the adoption of the HSBC brand throughout the group However a dormant subsidiary Midland Bank Branch Nominees Limited continues to be registered at Companies House 13 nbsp Coat of arms and initials of Midland Bank in the 1930s above its side entrance on Princes Street London nbsp First griffin logo used from 1957 1988 nbsp Second griffin logo used from 1988 1997 nbsp Final logo used from 1997 1999 HSBC logo with Midland Bank name References edit nbsp Banks portal nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Midland Bank Midland Bank Poultry Know Your London 23 November 2020 Midland Bank Claxity 10 June 2019 Titcomb James 12 June 2015 Is this the new name for HSBC Chairman says former brand Midland is odds on favourite telegraph co uk Telegraph Retrieved 3 December 2016 Cartledge James 3 September 2015 No return for Midland Bank name HSBC confirms birminghammail co uk Birmingham Mail Retrieved 3 December 2016 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p HSBC Group in Europe Archived 2011 09 27 at the Wayback Machine Birmingham Banking Company Records Archives Hub Archives Hub Retrieved 9 July 2020 Philip Aldrick 24 May 2012 Free banking should end Bank official says telegraph co uk telegraph Retrieved 12 November 2016 James Titcomb 3 January 2015 You may not know it but you are paying for your bank telegraph co uk telegraph Retrieved 12 November 2016 Russian tycoon buys former Midland HQ The Ned A 5 Star Hotel in the City of London www thened com Retrieved 13 August 2022 Swift Code BIC MIDLGB22 XXX HSBC BANK PLC ALL U K OFFICES Bank codes com Retrieved 3 December 2016 Midland Bank return Remember the adverts and gifts that made you save your pennies 9 June 2015 No 239325 incorporated 6 May 1929External links editArchived website 1 Documents and clippings about Midland Bank in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW SWIFT Code BIC MIDLGB22 MIDLGB22XXX HSBC BANK PLC ALL U K OFFICES UNITED KINGDOM www allbankswiftcodes com Retrieved 4 February 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Midland Bank amp oldid 1195967438, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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