The Mid-Pacific Mountains (MPM) is a large oceanic plateau located in the central North Pacific Ocean or south of the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain. Of volcanic origin and Mesozoic in age, it is located on the oldest part of the Pacific Plate and rises up to 2 km (1.2 mi) (Darwin Rise) above the surrounding ocean floor and is covered with several layers of thick sedimentary sequences that differ from those of other plateaux in the North Pacific.[1] About 50 seamounts are distributed over the MPM.[2] Some of the highest points in the range are above sea level which include Wake Island and Marcus Island.
The MPM is a range of guyots with a lava composition similar to those found in Iceland and the Galapagos Islands, and they probably formed similarly at or near a rift system.[4] In the Cretaceous, they formed large tropical islands located closer to the Equator that began to sink in the late Mesozoic.[5]
The MPM formed in the Early Cretaceous (at c. 110 Ma) over a hotspot that uplifted the ocean floor of the still young Pacific Plate. Reefs developed on the subsiding islands and renewed volcanism in the Late Cretaceous helped maintain some of eastern islands but inevitably the guyots sank to their present depth.[6] It has been proposed that the MPM has crossed over several hotspots, and the MPM guyots are indeed older on the western MPM than the eastern part, but the guyots do not form chains that can be traced to any known hotspots. The MPM, nevertheless, must have originated over the South Pacific Superswell. Among the guyots in the Mid-Pacific Mountains are Allison Guyot, Horizon Guyot, Resolution Guyot[7] and Darwin Guyot.[8]
The western half of the Easter hotspot chain, a lineament that includes the Line Islands and Tuamotu archipelago, begins near the eastern part of the MPM.[9] The formation of the MPM thus probably occurred at the Pacific-Farallon Ridge and the Easter hotspot, or where the Easter Microplate is now located.
Sources
Citations
^Thiede et al. 1981, Morphology, Age, Plate-Tectonic Setting, and Previous Studies, pp. 1073–1074
Clouard, V.; Bonneville, A. (2001). "How many Pacific hotspots are fed by deep-mantle plumes?". Geology. 29 (8): 695–698. Bibcode:2001Geo....29..695C. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0695:HMPHAF>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
Hamilton, E. L. (1956). "Sunken Islands of the Mid-Pacific Mountains". 64 : Sunken Islands of the Mid-Pacific Mountains. Geological Society of America Memoirs. Vol. 64. Geological Society of America. pp. 1–92. doi:10.1130/MEM64-p1. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
Karig, D. E.; Peterson, M. N. A.; Short, G. G. (1970). "Sediment-capped guyots in the Mid-Pacific Mountains". Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts. 17 (2): 373–378. Bibcode:1970DSRA...17..373K. doi:10.1016/0011-7471(70)90029-X.
Kroenke, L. W.; Kellogg, J. N.; Nemoto, K. (1985). "Mid-pacific mountains revisited". Geo-marine Letters. 5 (2): 77–81. Bibcode:1985GML.....5...77K. doi:10.1007/BF02233931. S2CID 129287640.
Menard, H. W. (1959). "Geology of the Pacific sea floor". Experientia. 1 (6): 205–213. doi:10.1007/BF02158108. S2CID 9383923.
Thiede, J.; Dean, W. E.; Rea, D. K.; Vallier, T. L.; Adelseck, C. G. (1981). "The geologic history of the Mid-Pacific Mountains in the central North Pacific Ocean: a synthesis of deep-sea drilling studies". Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 62: 1073–1120. doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.62.162.1981. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
Wilde, P. (2010). "Supervolcanoes in the Mid-Pacific Mountains?". AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 13: V13C–2368. Bibcode:2010AGUFM.V13C2368W.
Winterer, E. L.; Metzler, C. V. (1984). "Origin and subsidence of guyots in Mid‐Pacific Mountains". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 89 (B12): 9969–9979. Bibcode:1984JGR....89.9969W. doi:10.1029/JB089iB12p09969.
Winterer, E. L.; Sager, W. W.; Firth, J. V.; Sinton, J. M. (1995). "31. Synthesis of Drilling Results From the Mid-Pacific Mountains: Regional Context and Implications". Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 143. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
pacific, mountains, large, oceanic, plateau, located, central, north, pacific, ocean, south, hawaiian, emperor, seamount, chain, volcanic, origin, mesozoic, located, oldest, part, pacific, plate, rises, darwin, rise, above, surrounding, ocean, floor, covered, . The Mid Pacific Mountains MPM is a large oceanic plateau located in the central North Pacific Ocean or south of the Hawaiian Emperor seamount chain Of volcanic origin and Mesozoic in age it is located on the oldest part of the Pacific Plate and rises up to 2 km 1 2 mi Darwin Rise above the surrounding ocean floor and is covered with several layers of thick sedimentary sequences that differ from those of other plateaux in the North Pacific 1 About 50 seamounts are distributed over the MPM 2 Some of the highest points in the range are above sea level which include Wake Island and Marcus Island Shatsky RiseHawaiian Emperor seamount chainHess RiseMid Pacific Mountainsclass notpageimage Location The ocean floor of the MPM dates back to the Jurassic Cretaceous some of the oldest oceanic crust on Earth 3 The MPM is a range of guyots with a lava composition similar to those found in Iceland and the Galapagos Islands and they probably formed similarly at or near a rift system 4 In the Cretaceous they formed large tropical islands located closer to the Equator that began to sink in the late Mesozoic 5 The MPM formed in the Early Cretaceous at c 110 Ma over a hotspot that uplifted the ocean floor of the still young Pacific Plate Reefs developed on the subsiding islands and renewed volcanism in the Late Cretaceous helped maintain some of eastern islands but inevitably the guyots sank to their present depth 6 It has been proposed that the MPM has crossed over several hotspots and the MPM guyots are indeed older on the western MPM than the eastern part but the guyots do not form chains that can be traced to any known hotspots The MPM nevertheless must have originated over the South Pacific Superswell Among the guyots in the Mid Pacific Mountains are Allison Guyot Horizon Guyot Resolution Guyot 7 and Darwin Guyot 8 The western half of the Easter hotspot chain a lineament that includes the Line Islands and Tuamotu archipelago begins near the eastern part of the MPM 9 The formation of the MPM thus probably occurred at the Pacific Farallon Ridge and the Easter hotspot or where the Easter Microplate is now located Sources EditCitations Edit Thiede et al 1981 Morphology Age Plate Tectonic Setting and Previous Studies pp 1073 1074 Menard 1959 p 206 Wilde 2010 Abstract Kroenke Kellogg amp Nemoto 1985 Abstract Thiede et al 1981 Abstract Winterer amp Metzler 1984 Abstract Winterer et al 1995 Origin and Formation of Igneous Basement pp 508 509 Ladd H S Newman W A Sohl N F 1974 Cameron A M Cambell B M Cribb A B Endean R Jell J S Jones O A Mather P Talbot F H eds Darwin guyot the Pacific s oldest atoll PDF Second International Coral Reef Symposium Vol 2 Brisbane Australia The Great Barrier Reef Committee p 513 Clouard amp Bonneville 2001 Easter p 696 General and cited sources Edit Clouard V Bonneville A 2001 How many Pacific hotspots are fed by deep mantle plumes Geology 29 8 695 698 Bibcode 2001Geo 29 695C doi 10 1130 0091 7613 2001 029 lt 0695 HMPHAF gt 2 0 CO 2 Retrieved 9 September 2018 Hamilton E L 1956 Sunken Islands of the Mid Pacific Mountains 64 Sunken Islands of the Mid Pacific Mountains Geological Society of America Memoirs Vol 64 Geological Society of America pp 1 92 doi 10 1130 MEM64 p1 Retrieved 26 October 2017 Karig D E Peterson M N A Short G G 1970 Sediment capped guyots in the Mid Pacific Mountains Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts 17 2 373 378 Bibcode 1970DSRA 17 373K doi 10 1016 0011 7471 70 90029 X Kroenke L W Kellogg J N Nemoto K 1985 Mid pacific mountains revisited Geo marine Letters 5 2 77 81 Bibcode 1985GML 5 77K doi 10 1007 BF02233931 S2CID 129287640 Menard H W 1959 Geology of the Pacific sea floor Experientia 1 6 205 213 doi 10 1007 BF02158108 S2CID 9383923 Thiede J Dean W E Rea D K Vallier T L Adelseck C G 1981 The geologic history of the Mid Pacific Mountains in the central North Pacific Ocean a synthesis of deep sea drilling studies Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 62 1073 1120 doi 10 2973 dsdp proc 62 162 1981 Retrieved 2 September 2018 Wilde P 2010 Supervolcanoes in the Mid Pacific Mountains AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts 13 V13C 2368 Bibcode 2010AGUFM V13C2368W Winterer E L Metzler C V 1984 Origin and subsidence of guyots in Mid Pacific Mountains Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth 89 B12 9969 9979 Bibcode 1984JGR 89 9969W doi 10 1029 JB089iB12p09969 Winterer E L Sager W W Firth J V Sinton J M 1995 31 Synthesis of Drilling Results From the Mid Pacific Mountains Regional Context and Implications Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results 143 Retrieved 2 September 2018 Portal Oceans Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mid Pacific Mountains amp oldid 1137022713, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
