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Silverpoint

January 10, 2023

Silverpoint (one of several types of metalpoint) is a traditional drawing technique first used by medieval scribes on manuscripts.

Portrait Study of Dorothea Meyer, by Hans Holbein the Younger, 1516. Silverpoint, red chalk, and traces of black pencil on white-coated paper, Kunstmuseum Basel.

History

A silverpoint drawing is made by dragging a silver rod or wire across a surface, often prepared with gesso or Chinese white ground. Silverpoint is one of several types of metalpoint used by scribes, craftsmen and artists since ancient times. Metalpoint styli were used for writing on soft surfaces (wax or bark), ruling and underdrawing on parchment, and drawing on prepared paper and panel supports. For drawing purposes, the essential metals used were lead, tin and silver. The softness of these metals made them effective drawing instruments.[1] Goldsmiths also used metalpoint drawings to prepare their detailed, meticulous designs. Albrecht Dürer's father was one such craftsman who later taught his young son to draw in metalpoint, to such good effect that his 1484 Self-Portrait at the Age of 13 is still considered a masterpiece.

In the late Gothic/early Renaissance era, silverpoint emerged as a fine line drawing technique. Not blunting as easily as lead or tin, and rendering precise detail, silverpoint was especially favored in Florentine and Flemish workshops. Silverpoint drawings of this era include model books and preparatory sheets for paintings. Artists who worked in silverpoint include Jan van Eyck, Leonardo da Vinci, Albrecht Dürer and Raphael. Cennino Cennini's Il Libro dell'Arte provides a window on the practice of silver and leadpoint drawing, as well as preparing metalpoint grounds, in the late 14th century.[2][3] Susan Dorothea White's book Draw Like da Vinci describes the silverpoint technique of Leonardo da Vinci.[4]

 
Medieval stylus
 
Modern silverpoint stylus

As noted by Francis Ames-Lewis, drawing styles changed at the end of the 16th century, resulting in a decline for metalpoint. The discovery of graphite deposits at Seathwaite in Borrowdale, Cumbria, England in the early 1500s, and its increasing availability to artists in a pure, soft (and erasable) form hastened silverpoint's eclipse. Artists sought more gestural qualities, for which graphite, red and black chalk were better suited. Ink and wash drawings are also prevalent in the period. In addition, these other drawing techniques required less effort and were more forgiving than silver, which resists erasure and leaves a fainter line. Furthermore, the preparation of silverpoint supports, usually with hide glue with finely ground bone ash, was labor-intensive. Modern practitioners use zinc, pre-prepared acrylic-based grounds or titanium white tempera or marble dust as a ground. Natural chalks and charcoal have the advantage of producing immediate results on uncoated papers.[5]

Dutch artists Hendrick Goltzius and Rembrandt maintained the silverpoint tradition into the 17th century, as it declined in other parts of Europe. Rembrandt made several silverpoints on prepared vellum, the best-known being the portrait of his wife Saskia, 1633.[6] Botanical artists and architects continued to use metalpoint because of its exact lines. However, artists who continued this tradition of fine line drawing, such as Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, turned to graphite, which gradually improved in quality and availability throughout Europe since the 17th century. Silverpoint was for practical purposes rendered obsolete by the 18th century.[7] There has however been a contemporary art revival among European and American artists and academies because the medium imposes considerable discipline in draughtsmanship since drawings cannot be erased or altered.

Revival

 
Artist's Wife, Edith Holman Hunt by William Holman Hunt, a founding member of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. Birmingham Museum of Art.

Joseph Meder,[8] Alphonse Legros, the Pre-Raphaelites and Joseph Stella helped revitalize the technique. Art historian Meder created interest in the traditional technique in Austria and Germany, while artist and teacher Legros did likewise in England. In the early 20th century, Stella was one of the few American artists working in this method on the East Coast of the United States. Stella explored the technique on zinc white gouache prepared grounds, often with crayon and other media. Stella's silverpoint oeuvre includes the 1921 portrait of Marcel Duchamp (MoMA, Katherine S. Dreier Bequest).[9] On the West Coast Xavier Martínez, the Mexican-American artist who had studied in Paris at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in the late 1890s during the resurgence of interest in silverpoint, taught this technique at the California College of the Arts from 1909 to the late 1930s.[10] The last known exhibition of Martinez’s silverpoints was in 1921 at the Print Room of San Francisco where critics praised his “unusual” and “strongly futuristic” action figures on an unconventional dark mottled ground as “archaic in execution ... terse, alert ... with a bit too much flesh.”[11][12][13]

An exhibit, "The Fine Line: Drawing with Silver in America" was curated for the Norton Museum of Art, in 1985 by Bruce Weber.[14] In 2015, the National Gallery of Art and the British Museum exhibited "Drawing in Silver and Gold: Leonardo to Jasper Johns".[15]

Characteristics

A traditional silverpoint stylus is made with a small fine rod of silver, such as jewelry wire, which is inserted into a wooden rod. Another design is a silver-tipped metal stylus with points on both ends. An example of this type is shown in Rogier van der Weyden's St. Luke Drawing the Virgin, ca. 1435–40 (Boston Museum of Fine Arts). For a contemporary stylus, jeweler's wire may be inserted into a pin vise or mechanical pencil.[1]

The initial marks of silverpoint appear grey as other metalpoints, but silverpoint lines, when exposed to air, tarnish to a warm brown tone. The oxidation becomes perceptible over a period of several months. The speed of oxidation varies according to the level of pollution in the air. Historically, silverpoint styli ranged widely in composition from pure silver to heavily alloyed with copper (over 20% weight).[3][16][7][1]

In the Middle Ages, metalpoint was used directly on parchment for the underdrawing of illuminated manuscripts or model books. On uncoated parchment (and paper), silverpoint is particularly light in value. However, since the 14th century, silverpoint was used more successfully on prepared supports. A traditional ground may be prepared with a rabbit skin glue solution pigmented with bone ash, chalk and/or lead white. Contemporary grounds include acrylic gesso, gouache and commercially prepared claycoat papers. The slight tooth of the ground preparation takes a little of the silver as it is drawn across the surface.

 
A 1789 portrait of Mozart in silverpoint by Doris Stock

Silverpoint has encompassed a wide range of styles from Dürer's curvilinear precision to Rembrandt's gestural sketches. Silverpoint has also proven adaptable to modern styles. Thomas Wilmer Dewing's late 19th Century silverpoint portraits are essentially tonal, as are Paula Gerard's mid-20th-century abstract compositions. Gerard's Vortex (Fairweather Hardin Gallery) is an innovative combination of silverpoint, goldpoint and watercolor on casein-coated parchment.[14]

Old Master silverpoints are typically intimate in scale, recalling the technique's roots in manuscript illumination. However, modern artists have also utilized this fine line technique for works on an increasingly large scale. John Wilde's The Great Autobiographical Silverpoint Drawing (Art Institute of Chicago 1986.8) which is 38 in × 91 in (97 cm × 231 cm), one of the largest modern silverpoints.

Silverpoint was also used in conjunction with other metal points by 20th-century artists. Pedro Joseph de Lemos, the Director of the San Francisco Art Institute from 1911 to 1917, popularized his “techniques” in California art schools with his published instructions on the easy fabrication of various types of metal points that would react with inexpensive coated paper.[17] In his The Last of the Old Woodstock Inn, 1968 (The Art Institute of Chicago), Ivan Le Lorraine Albright used silver with platinum, gold, copper and brasspoint on commercially prepared video media paper. Contemporary artists continue to push the boundaries of this ancient drawing technique. Contemporary American silverpoint artist Carol Prusa combines graphite and binder on acrylic hemispheres with metal leaf, video projection and fiber optics.[18] Susan Schwalb has combined smoke and fire in silver and copperpoints in the 1980s and currently creates drawings and paintings using numerous metals as well as acrylic paint.[14] Jeannine Cook combines touches of colour with monochromatic drawings, employing such media as Prismacolour, watercolour, Plike paper, silk fabric and silk threads. Experimental metalpoint techniques including goldpoint on silicon carbide paper are demonstrated in Draw Like da Vinci by Susan Dorothea White,[4] as in Gilding the Lily (2005). Elizabeth Whiteley interfaces with computer-based imagery. She draws with a silver stylus over inkjet prints that have been coated with a translucent prepared ground.[19]

References

  1. ^ a b c Watrous 1957.
  2. ^ Cennini, Cennino (1933). The Craftsman's Handbook (Il Libro Dell'arte). Translated by Thompson, Daniel Varney. Dover Publications.
  3. ^ a b Duval, Guicharnaud & Dran 2004.
  4. ^ a b White, Susan Dorothea (2006). Draw Like da Vinci. London: Cassell Illustrated. pp. 22–25. ISBN 978-1-84403-444-4.
  5. ^ Ames-Lewis 2000.
  6. ^ "Portrait of Saskia as a Bride – Inv.-No.: KdZ 1152". www.artsandculture.google.com. Berlin. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  7. ^ a b Reiche, Radtke & Berger 2006.
  8. ^ Meder 1909.
  9. ^ Haskell 1994.
  10. ^ Edwards, Robert W. (2012). Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1. Oakland, Calif.: East Bay Heritage Project. pp. 298, 493–499, pl.14a. ISBN 978-1-4675-4567-9. An online facsimile of the entire text of Vol. 1 is posted on the Traditional Fine Arts Organization website (. Archived from the original on 2016-04-29. Retrieved 2016-06-07.).
  11. ^ San Francisco Chronicle, 13 February 1921, p. 8–S.
  12. ^ Berkeley Daily Gazette, 19 February 1921, p. 5.
  13. ^ The Oakland Tribune: 20 February 1921, p. W–5; 27 February 1921, p. S–7.
  14. ^ a b c Weber, Bruce (1985). The Fine Line. Drawing with Silver in America – Exhibition catalogue. West Palm Beach, FL: Norton Gallery and School of Art. ISBN 0-943411-06-8.
  15. ^ Sell, S. and Chapman, H. Drawing in Silver and Gold: Leonardo to Jasper Johns. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ. 2015.
  16. ^ Reiche, Radtke & Berger 2004.
  17. ^ Edwards, Robert W. (2015). Pedro de Lemos, Lasting Impressions: Works on Paper. Worcester, Mass.: Davis Publications Inc. pp. 62–63. ISBN 978-1-61528-405-4..
  18. ^ Strickland, Ashley (20 August 2019). "Mesmerizing cosmic artworks honor history's unsung female astronomers". www.cnn.com. CNN. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  19. ^ Schwalb, Susan and Tom Mazzullo. Silverpoint and Metalpoint Drawing. New York, NY. Routledge, 2019.

Sources

Further reading

  • Antoine, Beth (November 2007). "Metalpoint Drawing: the History and Care of a Forgotten Art – Final paper" (PDF).
  • Mathews-Berenson, Margaret (2010). The Luminous Line: Contemporary Drawings in Metalpoint – essay for brochure. Scripps College, Claremont, CA: Ruth Chandler Williams Art Gallery.
  • Mathews-Berenson, Margaret (2009). Reinventing Silverpoint: An Ancient Technique for the 21st Century – essay. Brooklyn, NY: Kentler International Drawing Space.
  • Camhy, Sherry (July–August 2007). "SILVERPOINT: Old Medium, New art". Fine Art Connoisseur.
  • Cennini, Cennino (2015). Broecke, Lara (ed.). Cennino Cennini's Il Libro dell'Arte: a new English Translation and Commentary with Italian Transcription. London: Archetype Publications. ISBN 978-1-909492-28-8.
  • Getsinger-Nichols, Banjie (2012). Silver Linings: Introduction to Silverpoint Drawing. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1-4680-4167-5.
  • Koons-McCullough, Holly (2006). The Luster of Silver: Contemporary Metalpoint Drawings – Exhibition catalogue. Savannah, GA: Telfair Museum of Art.
  • Streetman, John; O'Hern, John (2009). The Luster of Silver: Contemporary Metalpoint Drawings – Exhibition catalogue. Evansville, IN: Evansville Museum of Arts, History and Science.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Silverpoint drawings.

January 10, 2023
silverpoint, several, types, metalpoint, traditional, drawing, technique, first, used, medieval, scribes, manuscripts, portrait, study, dorothea, meyer, hans, holbein, younger, 1516, chalk, traces, black, pencil, white, coated, paper, kunstmuseum, basel, conte. Silverpoint one of several types of metalpoint is a traditional drawing technique first used by medieval scribes on manuscripts Portrait Study of Dorothea Meyer by Hans Holbein the Younger 1516 Silverpoint red chalk and traces of black pencil on white coated paper Kunstmuseum Basel Contents 1 History 2 Revival 3 Characteristics 4 References 5 Sources 6 Further readingHistory EditA silverpoint drawing is made by dragging a silver rod or wire across a surface often prepared with gesso or Chinese white ground Silverpoint is one of several types of metalpoint used by scribes craftsmen and artists since ancient times Metalpoint styli were used for writing on soft surfaces wax or bark ruling and underdrawing on parchment and drawing on prepared paper and panel supports For drawing purposes the essential metals used were lead tin and silver The softness of these metals made them effective drawing instruments 1 Goldsmiths also used metalpoint drawings to prepare their detailed meticulous designs Albrecht Durer s father was one such craftsman who later taught his young son to draw in metalpoint to such good effect that his 1484 Self Portrait at the Age of 13 is still considered a masterpiece In the late Gothic early Renaissance era silverpoint emerged as a fine line drawing technique Not blunting as easily as lead or tin and rendering precise detail silverpoint was especially favored in Florentine and Flemish workshops Silverpoint drawings of this era include model books and preparatory sheets for paintings Artists who worked in silverpoint include Jan van Eyck Leonardo da Vinci Albrecht Durer and Raphael Cennino Cennini s Il Libro dell Arte provides a window on the practice of silver and leadpoint drawing as well as preparing metalpoint grounds in the late 14th century 2 3 Susan Dorothea White s book Draw Like da Vinci describes the silverpoint technique of Leonardo da Vinci 4 Medieval stylus Modern silverpoint stylus As noted by Francis Ames Lewis drawing styles changed at the end of the 16th century resulting in a decline for metalpoint The discovery of graphite deposits at Seathwaite in Borrowdale Cumbria England in the early 1500s and its increasing availability to artists in a pure soft and erasable form hastened silverpoint s eclipse Artists sought more gestural qualities for which graphite red and black chalk were better suited Ink and wash drawings are also prevalent in the period In addition these other drawing techniques required less effort and were more forgiving than silver which resists erasure and leaves a fainter line Furthermore the preparation of silverpoint supports usually with hide glue with finely ground bone ash was labor intensive Modern practitioners use zinc pre prepared acrylic based grounds or titanium white tempera or marble dust as a ground Natural chalks and charcoal have the advantage of producing immediate results on uncoated papers 5 Dutch artists Hendrick Goltzius and Rembrandt maintained the silverpoint tradition into the 17th century as it declined in other parts of Europe Rembrandt made several silverpoints on prepared vellum the best known being the portrait of his wife Saskia 1633 6 Botanical artists and architects continued to use metalpoint because of its exact lines However artists who continued this tradition of fine line drawing such as Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres turned to graphite which gradually improved in quality and availability throughout Europe since the 17th century Silverpoint was for practical purposes rendered obsolete by the 18th century 7 There has however been a contemporary art revival among European and American artists and academies because the medium imposes considerable discipline in draughtsmanship since drawings cannot be erased or altered Revival Edit Artist s Wife Edith Holman Hunt by William Holman Hunt a founding member of the Pre Raphaelite Brotherhood Birmingham Museum of Art Joseph Meder 8 Alphonse Legros the Pre Raphaelites and Joseph Stella helped revitalize the technique Art historian Meder created interest in the traditional technique in Austria and Germany while artist and teacher Legros did likewise in England In the early 20th century Stella was one of the few American artists working in this method on the East Coast of the United States Stella explored the technique on zinc white gouache prepared grounds often with crayon and other media Stella s silverpoint oeuvre includes the 1921 portrait of Marcel Duchamp MoMA Katherine S Dreier Bequest 9 On the West Coast Xavier Martinez the Mexican American artist who had studied in Paris at the Ecole nationale superieure des Beaux Arts in the late 1890s during the resurgence of interest in silverpoint taught this technique at the California College of the Arts from 1909 to the late 1930s 10 The last known exhibition of Martinez s silverpoints was in 1921 at the Print Room of San Francisco where critics praised his unusual and strongly futuristic action figures on an unconventional dark mottled ground as archaic in execution terse alert with a bit too much flesh 11 12 13 An exhibit The Fine Line Drawing with Silver in America was curated for the Norton Museum of Art in 1985 by Bruce Weber 14 In 2015 the National Gallery of Art and the British Museum exhibited Drawing in Silver and Gold Leonardo to Jasper Johns 15 Characteristics EditA traditional silverpoint stylus is made with a small fine rod of silver such as jewelry wire which is inserted into a wooden rod Another design is a silver tipped metal stylus with points on both ends An example of this type is shown in Rogier van der Weyden s St Luke Drawing the Virgin ca 1435 40 Boston Museum of Fine Arts For a contemporary stylus jeweler s wire may be inserted into a pin vise or mechanical pencil 1 The initial marks of silverpoint appear grey as other metalpoints but silverpoint lines when exposed to air tarnish to a warm brown tone The oxidation becomes perceptible over a period of several months The speed of oxidation varies according to the level of pollution in the air Historically silverpoint styli ranged widely in composition from pure silver to heavily alloyed with copper over 20 weight 3 16 7 1 In the Middle Ages metalpoint was used directly on parchment for the underdrawing of illuminated manuscripts or model books On uncoated parchment and paper silverpoint is particularly light in value However since the 14th century silverpoint was used more successfully on prepared supports A traditional ground may be prepared with a rabbit skin glue solution pigmented with bone ash chalk and or lead white Contemporary grounds include acrylic gesso gouache and commercially prepared claycoat papers The slight tooth of the ground preparation takes a little of the silver as it is drawn across the surface A 1789 portrait of Mozart in silverpoint by Doris Stock Silverpoint has encompassed a wide range of styles from Durer s curvilinear precision to Rembrandt s gestural sketches Silverpoint has also proven adaptable to modern styles Thomas Wilmer Dewing s late 19th Century silverpoint portraits are essentially tonal as are Paula Gerard s mid 20th century abstract compositions Gerard s Vortex Fairweather Hardin Gallery is an innovative combination of silverpoint goldpoint and watercolor on casein coated parchment 14 Old Master silverpoints are typically intimate in scale recalling the technique s roots in manuscript illumination However modern artists have also utilized this fine line technique for works on an increasingly large scale John Wilde s The Great Autobiographical Silverpoint Drawing Art Institute of Chicago 1986 8 which is 38 in 91 in 97 cm 231 cm one of the largest modern silverpoints Silverpoint was also used in conjunction with other metal points by 20th century artists Pedro Joseph de Lemos the Director of the San Francisco Art Institute from 1911 to 1917 popularized his techniques in California art schools with his published instructions on the easy fabrication of various types of metal points that would react with inexpensive coated paper 17 In his The Last of the Old Woodstock Inn 1968 The Art Institute of Chicago Ivan Le Lorraine Albright used silver with platinum gold copper and brasspoint on commercially prepared video media paper Contemporary artists continue to push the boundaries of this ancient drawing technique Contemporary American silverpoint artist Carol Prusa combines graphite and binder on acrylic hemispheres with metal leaf video projection and fiber optics 18 Susan Schwalb has combined smoke and fire in silver and copperpoints in the 1980s and currently creates drawings and paintings using numerous metals as well as acrylic paint 14 Jeannine Cook combines touches of colour with monochromatic drawings employing such media as Prismacolour watercolour Plike paper silk fabric and silk threads Experimental metalpoint techniques including goldpoint on silicon carbide paper are demonstrated in Draw Like da Vinci by Susan Dorothea White 4 as in Gilding the Lily 2005 Elizabeth Whiteley interfaces with computer based imagery She draws with a silver stylus over inkjet prints that have been coated with a translucent prepared ground 19 References Edit a b c Watrous 1957 Cennini Cennino 1933 The Craftsman s Handbook Il Libro Dell arte Translated by Thompson Daniel Varney Dover Publications a b Duval Guicharnaud amp Dran 2004 a b White Susan Dorothea 2006 Draw Like da Vinci London Cassell Illustrated pp 22 25 ISBN 978 1 84403 444 4 Ames Lewis 2000 Portrait of Saskia as a Bride Inv No KdZ 1152 www artsandculture google com Berlin Retrieved 23 August 2021 a b Reiche Radtke amp Berger 2006 Meder 1909 Haskell 1994 Edwards Robert W 2012 Jennie V Cannon The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies Vol 1 Oakland Calif East Bay Heritage Project pp 298 493 499 pl 14a ISBN 978 1 4675 4567 9 An online facsimile of the entire text of Vol 1 is posted on the Traditional Fine Arts Organization website Jennie V Cannon The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies vol One East Bay Heritage Project Oakland 2012 by Robert W Edwards Archived from the original on 2016 04 29 Retrieved 2016 06 07 San Francisco Chronicle 13 February 1921 p 8 S Berkeley Daily Gazette 19 February 1921 p 5 The Oakland Tribune 20 February 1921 p W 5 27 February 1921 p S 7 a b c Weber Bruce 1985 The Fine Line Drawing with Silver in America Exhibition catalogue West Palm Beach FL Norton Gallery and School of Art ISBN 0 943411 06 8 Sell S and Chapman H Drawing in Silver and Gold Leonardo to Jasper Johns Princeton University Press Princeton NJ 2015 Reiche Radtke amp Berger 2004 Edwards Robert W 2015 Pedro de Lemos Lasting Impressions Works on Paper Worcester Mass Davis Publications Inc pp 62 63 ISBN 978 1 61528 405 4 Strickland Ashley 20 August 2019 Mesmerizing cosmic artworks honor history s unsung female astronomers www cnn com CNN Retrieved 23 August 2021 Schwalb Susan and Tom Mazzullo Silverpoint and Metalpoint Drawing New York NY Routledge 2019 Sources EditAmes Lewis Francis 2000 Drawing in Early Renaissance Italy Yale University Press ISBN 0 300 07981 8 Duval Alain Guicharnaud H Dran Jean Claude November 2004 Particle induced X ray emission a valuable tool for the analysis of metalpoint Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 226 1 2 60 74 doi 10 1016 j nimb 2004 02 020 Haskell Barbara 1994 Joseph Stella New York Whitney Museum of American Art distributed by Harry N Abrams Inc Meder Joseph 1909 Das Buchleim von Silbersteft Ein Trachtatlein fur Moler Vienna Gerlach and Wielding Reiche Ina Radtke Martin Berger Achim 2006 Spatially resolved synchrotron radiation induced X ray fluorescence analyses of rare Rembrandt silverpoint drawings Applied Physics A 83 2 163 173 Bibcode 2006ApPhA 83 169R doi 10 1007 s00339 006 3505 4 S2CID 98189343 Reiche Ina Radtke Martin Berger Achim 2004 Spatially resolved sychroton induced X ray fluorescence analyses of metal point drawings and their mysterious inscription Spectrochimica Acta Part B 59 10 11 1657 1662 Bibcode 2004AcSpe 59 1657R doi 10 1016 j sab 2004 07 023 Watrous James 1957 The craft of Old Master drawings Madison University of Wisconsin Press ISBN 0 299 01425 8 Further reading EditAntoine Beth November 2007 Metalpoint Drawing the History and Care of a Forgotten Art Final paper PDF Mathews Berenson Margaret 2010 The Luminous Line Contemporary Drawings in Metalpoint essay for brochure Scripps College Claremont CA Ruth Chandler Williams Art Gallery Mathews Berenson Margaret 2009 Reinventing Silverpoint An Ancient Technique for the 21st Century essay Brooklyn NY Kentler International Drawing Space Camhy Sherry July August 2007 SILVERPOINT Old Medium New art Fine Art Connoisseur Cennini Cennino 2015 Broecke Lara ed Cennino Cennini s Il Libro dell Arte a new English Translation and Commentary with Italian Transcription London Archetype Publications ISBN 978 1 909492 28 8 Getsinger Nichols Banjie 2012 Silver Linings Introduction to Silverpoint Drawing CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 978 1 4680 4167 5 Koons McCullough Holly 2006 The Luster of Silver Contemporary Metalpoint Drawings Exhibition catalogue Savannah GA Telfair Museum of Art Streetman John O Hern John 2009 The Luster of Silver Contemporary Metalpoint Drawings Exhibition catalogue Evansville IN Evansville Museum of Arts History and Science Wikimedia Commons has media related to Silverpoint drawings Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Silverpoint amp oldid 1131036004, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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