Mesoglea refers to the extracellular matrix found in cnidarians like coral or jellyfish that functions as a hydrostatic skeleton. It is related to but distinct from mesohyl, which generally refers to extracellular material found in sponges.
The mesoglea is mostly water. Other than water, the mesoglea is composed of several substances including fibrous proteins, like collagen and heparan sulphateproteoglycans.[1] The mesoglea is mostly acellular,[2] but in both cnidaria[3] and ctenophora[4] the mesoglea contains muscle bundles and nerve fibres. Other nerve and muscle cells lie just under the epithelial layers.[2] The mesoglea also contains wandering amoebocytes that play a role in phagocytosing debris and bacteria. These cells also fight infections by producing antibacterial chemicals.[5]
The mesoglea may be thinner than either of the cell layers[6] in smaller coelenterates like a hydra or may make up the bulk of the body in larger jellyfish. The mesoglea serves as an internal skeleton, supporting the body. Its elastic properties help restore the shape after it is deformed by the contraction of muscles.[7] However, without the buoyancy of water to support it, the mesoglea is not stiff enough to bear the weight of the body and coelenterates generally tend to flatten out, or even collapse when they are taken out of water.
The mesoglea is sandwiched between the epidermis and the gastrodermis. In some jellyfish the epidermis on the umbrella/bell surface seems to break off when the jellyfish grows so the mesoglea of older jellyfish is directly exposed to the water.[8]
The mesoglea itself consists of multiple layers that can be differentiated by their electron density. The most prominent of these are the basal lamina and the interstitial matrix.
Uses of the term
In order to differentiate the use of the word mesenchyme in vertebrate embryology (that is, undifferentiated tissue found in embryonic true [ento-]mesoderm from which are derived all connective tissues, blood vessels, blood cells, the lymphatic system, and the heart) and the use in invertebrate zoology (a more-or-less solid but loosely organized tissue consisting of a gel matrix [the mesoglea, in strict sense] with various cellular and fibrous inclusions, located between epidermis and gastrodermis), some authors prefer to use the term mesoglea (in wider sense) in lieu of mesenchyme when referring to the middle layers of sponges and diploblasts, reserving the term mesenchyme for the embryological sense. However, Brusca & Brusca (2003) discourage this usage, using mesoglea in its strict sense, and preferring to maintain both the embryological and zoological senses for the term mesenchyme.[9]
^Sarras, M. P.; Madden, M. E.; Zhang, X.; Gunwar, S.; Huff, J. K.; Hudson, B. G. (1991). "Extracellular matrix (mesoglea) of Hydra vulgaris". Developmental Biology. 148 (2): 481–494. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(91)90266-6. PMID 1743396.
^ abJosephson, R. (2004). "The Neural Control of Behavior in Sea Anemones". Journal of Experimental Biology. 207 (14): 2371–2372. doi:10.1242/jeb.01059. PMID 15184508.
^Werner, B.; Chapman, D. M.; Cutress, C. E. (1976). "Muscular and nervous systems of the cubopolyp (Cnidaria)". Experientia. 32 (8): 1047–1049. doi:10.1007/BF01933964. S2CID 34578064.
^Hernandez-Nicaise, M. L. (1973). "The nervous system of ctenophores III. Ultrastructure of synapses". Journal of Neurocytology. 2 (3): 249–263. doi:10.1007/BF01104029. PMID 9224490. S2CID 38585544.
^Hutton, Danielle M. C.; Smith, Valerie J. (1996). "Antibacterial Properties of Isolated Amoebocytes from the Sea Anemone Actinia equina". Biological Bulletin. 191 (3): 441–451. doi:10.2307/1543017. JSTOR 1543017. PMID 29215925.
^Campbell, Richard D. (1976). "Elimination by Hydra interstitial and nerve cells by means of colchicine". Journal of Cell Science. 21 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1242/jcs.21.1.1. PMID 932105.
^Kier, W. M. (2012). "The diversity of hydrostatic skeletons". Journal of Experimental Biology. 215 (8): 1247–1257. doi:10.1242/jeb.056549. PMID 22442361.
^Hirose, Euichi; Sakai, Daisuke; Iida, Akane; Obayashi, Yumiko; Nishikawa, Jun (2021-01-06). "Exumbrellar Surface of Jellyfish: A Comparative Fine Structure Study with Remarks on Surface Reflectance". Zoological Science. 38 (2): 170–178. doi:10.2108/zs200111. ISSN 0289-0003. PMID 33812356. S2CID 232411684.
mesoglea, this, article, about, mesoglea, cnidaria, ctenophora, matrix, sponges, mesohyl, refers, extracellular, matrix, found, cnidarians, like, coral, jellyfish, that, functions, hydrostatic, skeleton, related, distinct, from, mesohyl, which, generally, refe. This article is about mesoglea of Cnidaria and Ctenophora For matrix in sponges see mesohyl Mesoglea refers to the extracellular matrix found in cnidarians like coral or jellyfish that functions as a hydrostatic skeleton It is related to but distinct from mesohyl which generally refers to extracellular material found in sponges Contents 1 Description 2 Uses of the term 3 See also 4 ReferencesDescription EditThe mesoglea is mostly water Other than water the mesoglea is composed of several substances including fibrous proteins like collagen and heparan sulphate proteoglycans 1 The mesoglea is mostly acellular 2 but in both cnidaria 3 and ctenophora 4 the mesoglea contains muscle bundles and nerve fibres Other nerve and muscle cells lie just under the epithelial layers 2 The mesoglea also contains wandering amoebocytes that play a role in phagocytosing debris and bacteria These cells also fight infections by producing antibacterial chemicals 5 The mesoglea may be thinner than either of the cell layers 6 in smaller coelenterates like a hydra or may make up the bulk of the body in larger jellyfish The mesoglea serves as an internal skeleton supporting the body Its elastic properties help restore the shape after it is deformed by the contraction of muscles 7 However without the buoyancy of water to support it the mesoglea is not stiff enough to bear the weight of the body and coelenterates generally tend to flatten out or even collapse when they are taken out of water The mesoglea is sandwiched between the epidermis and the gastrodermis In some jellyfish the epidermis on the umbrella bell surface seems to break off when the jellyfish grows so the mesoglea of older jellyfish is directly exposed to the water 8 The mesoglea itself consists of multiple layers that can be differentiated by their electron density The most prominent of these are the basal lamina and the interstitial matrix Uses of the term EditIn order to differentiate the use of the word mesenchyme in vertebrate embryology that is undifferentiated tissue found in embryonic true ento mesoderm from which are derived all connective tissues blood vessels blood cells the lymphatic system and the heart and the use in invertebrate zoology a more or less solid but loosely organized tissue consisting of a gel matrix the mesoglea in strict sense with various cellular and fibrous inclusions located between epidermis and gastrodermis some authors prefer to use the term mesoglea in wider sense in lieu of mesenchyme when referring to the middle layers of sponges and diploblasts reserving the term mesenchyme for the embryological sense However Brusca amp Brusca 2003 discourage this usage using mesoglea in its strict sense and preferring to maintain both the embryological and zoological senses for the term mesenchyme 9 See also EditAnatomy of coralsReferences Edit Sarras M P Madden M E Zhang X Gunwar S Huff J K Hudson B G 1991 Extracellular matrix mesoglea of Hydra vulgaris Developmental Biology 148 2 481 494 doi 10 1016 0012 1606 91 90266 6 PMID 1743396 a b Josephson R 2004 The Neural Control of Behavior in Sea Anemones Journal of Experimental Biology 207 14 2371 2372 doi 10 1242 jeb 01059 PMID 15184508 Werner B Chapman D M Cutress C E 1976 Muscular and nervous systems of the cubopolyp Cnidaria Experientia 32 8 1047 1049 doi 10 1007 BF01933964 S2CID 34578064 Hernandez Nicaise M L 1973 The nervous system of ctenophores III Ultrastructure of synapses Journal of Neurocytology 2 3 249 263 doi 10 1007 BF01104029 PMID 9224490 S2CID 38585544 Hutton Danielle M C Smith Valerie J 1996 Antibacterial Properties of Isolated Amoebocytes from the Sea Anemone Actinia equina Biological Bulletin 191 3 441 451 doi 10 2307 1543017 JSTOR 1543017 PMID 29215925 Campbell Richard D 1976 Elimination by Hydra interstitial and nerve cells by means of colchicine Journal of Cell Science 21 1 1 13 doi 10 1242 jcs 21 1 1 PMID 932105 Kier W M 2012 The diversity of hydrostatic skeletons Journal of Experimental Biology 215 8 1247 1257 doi 10 1242 jeb 056549 PMID 22442361 Hirose Euichi Sakai Daisuke Iida Akane Obayashi Yumiko Nishikawa Jun 2021 01 06 Exumbrellar Surface of Jellyfish A Comparative Fine Structure Study with Remarks on Surface Reflectance Zoological Science 38 2 170 178 doi 10 2108 zs200111 ISSN 0289 0003 PMID 33812356 S2CID 232411684 Brusca amp Brusca 2003 p 220 This article about anatomy of the phylum Cnidaria is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mesoglea amp oldid 1136254324, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
