The memorial against war and fascism (German: Mahnmal gegen Krieg und Faschismus) is a work by the Austrian sculptor Alfred Hrdlicka.[1] It has been standing since 1988 on the Albertinaplatz in Vienna – named after Helmut Zilk in 2009 – opposite the Palais Archduke Albrecht and the back of the Vienna State Opera. As a walk-in monument, it is intended to serve as a reminder of the darkest epoch in Austrian history. It is dedicated to all victims of war and fascism.
The memorial against war and fascism at the Helmut-Zilk-PlatzThe "Gate of Violence" with the bronze sculpture of the kneeling Jew
Here stood the Philipphof, a representative large residential building of the Gründerzeit, which was destroyed by a bomb attack on 12 March 1945. Hundreds of people who had sought shelter in the cellars were killed. Some of the buried could not be excavated; only 180 bodies were recovered. The exact number of victims could not be determined. The ruin was leveled in 1947, the property owned by the state was no longer developed.
In the Austrian year of reflection 1988, the City of Vienna erected the "Memorial against War and Fascism" on the initiative of Mayor Helmut Zilk. The Austrian sculptor, Alfred Hrdlicka was responsible for the design and execution. It was unveiled on 24 November 1988.[2]
The memorialedit
At the front of the square stands the Gate of Violence. It is made of granite, as it was dragged by thousands of prisoners over the death stairs in the quarry of the Mauthausen concentration camp. The sculpture on the left is intended to commemorate the victims of the mass murder perpetrated by the National Socialists there and in other camps and prisons, as well as the victims of resistance and persecution for reasons of national, religious and ethnic origin, mental and physical disability, and sexual orientation. The group of figures on the right gate column is dedicated to the memory of all the victims of the war. The faceless body of a woman giving birth is supposed to symbolize the rebirth of Austria after the horrors of war.
The first victims of the National Socialist rulers, along with the political opponents, were the Jews. After the Anschluss (annexation) of Austria to the German Reich on 12 March 1938,[3] Jews were forced to clear the streets of pro-Austrian and anti-Nazi slogans in friction. The bronze sculpture of a kneeling, street-washing Jew recalls this degradation and humiliation that preceded the merciless persecution and murder of Jewish citizens immediately after the Anschluss.
Orpheus enters Hades, a male figure rising in a block of marble, a memorial to the bomb victims and the sacrifices of those who resisted National Socialism at the risk of their lives.[4]
On 27 April 1945, when there was still fighting in western Austria, the representatives of the new or reconstituted political parties proclaimed the re-establishment of the Republic of Austria in Vienna through the Austrian Declaration of Independence. Excerpts from the Declaration of Independence and the names of the men who signed it are perpetuated on the stone of the Republic. It is made of Mauthausen granite from the Perg Trommelberg quarry, weighs 57 tons, is 8.4 meters high and is therefore the largest monolith ever supplied from the Mühlviertel quarries.[5]
Galleryedit
"Orpheus enters Hades" with the "Stone of the Republic" in the background
Memorial (2009) with three additions: "Portrait Bonhoeffer"/ "Orpheus II" (back left)/"Orpheus I" (back right)
The erection of the memorial was accompanied by criticism at that time. On the one hand, some did not want to remember the role of the Austrians during National Socialism, others found the central location near the State Opera and the Albertina offensive. On the other hand, the term "all victims of war" was criticized. The sculpture on the right shows a fallen Wehrmacht soldier with a steel helmet lying on the ground. Representatives of the Jewish community, such as Simon Wiesenthal, then campaigned for a separate memorial for the Jewish victims, which was erected at the Judenplatz in 2000.[6]
The sculpture of the Jew in the rubbing area was often not recognized as such. Some visitors sat down on their backs to rest. The gold artist and sculptor Johannes Angerbauer-Goldhoff painted the sculpture with gold paint in an announced art action ZAHN-GOLD-ZEIT-GOLD on 25 May 1990. The art action was constantly observed by two state policemen and a detective. As a result, the artist was arrested while the sculpture was transported away. Mayor Helmut Zilk, (the corresponding part of Albertinaplatz was named after him in 2009), as the owners representative of the City of Vienna, initially reacted with the argument of damage to property. An announced lawsuit against the artist was officially suspended on 21 January 1991.[7] As a reaction, Alfred Hrdlicka placed an iron barbed wire on the back of the statue to prevent further possession by persons. The spikes upwards show by their shine that the sculpture is still possessed.
Over the years, the memorial has found general acceptance and is now a much-visited place.
Ruth Beckermann supplemented the memorial in March 2015 with a temporary installation that shows in private film footage one of the "frictional parts" to which Jewish Viennese were forced by the Viennese National Socialists in the spring of 1938.[8][9]
External linksedit
AEIOU | Albertinaplatz - Memorial against war and fascism
Nachkriegsjustiz.at | Memorial against war and fascism
Referencesedit
^"Mahnmal gegen Krieg und Faschismus". Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
^"Der "Anschluss" Österreichs 1938". Lebendiges Museum Online (in German). Retrieved 2020-02-14.
^"Mahnmal gegen Krieg und Faschismus". www.denkmalwien.at. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
^Stummer, Josef (2010). Granit – Baustein von Pulgarn bis Gloxwald. Perg: Verein Steinbrecherhaus. p. 5.
^"Mahnmal für die österreichischen jüdischen Opfer der Schoah". www.denkmalwien.at. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
^"Kunstaktion "Zahn-Gold-Zeit-Gold" Wien Albertinaplatz - 25.05.1990". www.socialgold.com. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
^Kopeinig, Margaretha. "Eine "Hetz" bei der "Reibpartie"". kurier.at (in German). Retrieved 2020-02-25.
^"Installation zeigt Erniedrigung bei "Reibpartie"". wien.orf.at (in German). 2015-03-12. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
October 27, 2023
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The memorial against war and fascism German Mahnmal gegen Krieg und Faschismus is a work by the Austrian sculptor Alfred Hrdlicka 1 It has been standing since 1988 on the Albertinaplatz in Vienna named after Helmut Zilk in 2009 opposite the Palais Archduke Albrecht and the back of the Vienna State Opera As a walk in monument it is intended to serve as a reminder of the darkest epoch in Austrian history It is dedicated to all victims of war and fascism The memorial against war and fascism at the Helmut Zilk PlatzThe Gate of Violence with the bronze sculpture of the kneeling Jew Contents 1 History 2 The memorial 3 Gallery 4 Acceptance 5 External links 6 ReferencesHistory editHere stood the Philipphof a representative large residential building of the Grunderzeit which was destroyed by a bomb attack on 12 March 1945 Hundreds of people who had sought shelter in the cellars were killed Some of the buried could not be excavated only 180 bodies were recovered The exact number of victims could not be determined The ruin was leveled in 1947 the property owned by the state was no longer developed In the Austrian year of reflection 1988 the City of Vienna erected the Memorial against War and Fascism on the initiative of Mayor Helmut Zilk The Austrian sculptor Alfred Hrdlicka was responsible for the design and execution It was unveiled on 24 November 1988 2 The memorial editAt the front of the square stands the Gate of Violence It is made of granite as it was dragged by thousands of prisoners over the death stairs in the quarry of the Mauthausen concentration camp The sculpture on the left is intended to commemorate the victims of the mass murder perpetrated by the National Socialists there and in other camps and prisons as well as the victims of resistance and persecution for reasons of national religious and ethnic origin mental and physical disability and sexual orientation The group of figures on the right gate column is dedicated to the memory of all the victims of the war The faceless body of a woman giving birth is supposed to symbolize the rebirth of Austria after the horrors of war The first victims of the National Socialist rulers along with the political opponents were the Jews After the Anschluss annexation of Austria to the German Reich on 12 March 1938 3 Jews were forced to clear the streets of pro Austrian and anti Nazi slogans in friction The bronze sculpture of a kneeling street washing Jew recalls this degradation and humiliation that preceded the merciless persecution and murder of Jewish citizens immediately after the Anschluss Orpheus enters Hades a male figure rising in a block of marble a memorial to the bomb victims and the sacrifices of those who resisted National Socialism at the risk of their lives 4 On 27 April 1945 when there was still fighting in western Austria the representatives of the new or reconstituted political parties proclaimed the re establishment of the Republic of Austria in Vienna through the Austrian Declaration of Independence Excerpts from the Declaration of Independence and the names of the men who signed it are perpetuated on the stone of the Republic It is made of Mauthausen granite from the Perg Trommelberg quarry weighs 57 tons is 8 4 meters high and is therefore the largest monolith ever supplied from the Muhlviertel quarries 5 Gallery edit nbsp Orpheus enters Hades with the Stone of the Republic in the background nbsp Memorial 2009 with three additions Portrait Bonhoeffer Orpheus II back left Orpheus I back right nbsp Stone of the Republic nbsp Portrait Bonhoeffer 1977 nbsp Orpheus I 1963 nbsp Orpheus II 1963 nbsp Marsyas I 1955 57 1962 nbsp Incarnation 1994 1996 Acceptance editThe erection of the memorial was accompanied by criticism at that time On the one hand some did not want to remember the role of the Austrians during National Socialism others found the central location near the State Opera and the Albertina offensive On the other hand the term all victims of war was criticized The sculpture on the right shows a fallen Wehrmacht soldier with a steel helmet lying on the ground Representatives of the Jewish community such as Simon Wiesenthal then campaigned for a separate memorial for the Jewish victims which was erected at the Judenplatz in 2000 6 The sculpture of the Jew in the rubbing area was often not recognized as such Some visitors sat down on their backs to rest The gold artist and sculptor Johannes Angerbauer Goldhoff painted the sculpture with gold paint in an announced art action ZAHN GOLD ZEIT GOLD on 25 May 1990 The art action was constantly observed by two state policemen and a detective As a result the artist was arrested while the sculpture was transported away Mayor Helmut Zilk the corresponding part of Albertinaplatz was named after him in 2009 as the owners representative of the City of Vienna initially reacted with the argument of damage to property An announced lawsuit against the artist was officially suspended on 21 January 1991 7 As a reaction Alfred Hrdlicka placed an iron barbed wire on the back of the statue to prevent further possession by persons The spikes upwards show by their shine that the sculpture is still possessed Over the years the memorial has found general acceptance and is now a much visited place Ruth Beckermann supplemented the memorial in March 2015 with a temporary installation that shows in private film footage one of the frictional parts to which Jewish Viennese were forced by the Viennese National Socialists in the spring of 1938 8 9 External links editAEIOU Albertinaplatz Memorial against war and fascism Nachkriegsjustiz at Memorial against war and fascismReferences edit Mahnmal gegen Krieg und Faschismus Stiftung Denkmal fur die ermordeten Juden Europas Retrieved 2020 02 11 Das Bedenkjahr 1988 Osterreichische Mediathek www mediathek at Retrieved 2020 02 11 Der Anschluss Osterreichs 1938 Lebendiges Museum Online in German Retrieved 2020 02 14 Mahnmal gegen Krieg und Faschismus www denkmalwien at Retrieved 2020 02 14 Stummer Josef 2010 Granit Baustein von Pulgarn bis Gloxwald Perg Verein Steinbrecherhaus p 5 Mahnmal fur die osterreichischen judischen Opfer der Schoah www denkmalwien at Retrieved 2020 02 25 Kunstaktion Zahn Gold Zeit Gold Wien Albertinaplatz 25 05 1990 www socialgold com Retrieved 2020 02 25 Kopeinig Margaretha Eine Hetz bei der Reibpartie kurier at in German Retrieved 2020 02 25 Installation zeigt Erniedrigung bei Reibpartie wien orf at in German 2015 03 12 Retrieved 2020 02 25 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Memorial against war and fascism amp oldid 1177436572, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
