There are two similar designs of the Coronet large cent, the Matron Head and the Braided Hair, the latter with a slightly altered profile. This was the last large cent produced by the mint, being replaced by the reduced diameter Flying Eagle cent in 1857.
During the War of 1812, a trade embargo was imposed between the United States and England, which had supplied the US Mint with copper planchets.[3] The mint's supply was exhausted in 1814, and no Classic Head cents were produced dated 1815. It has often been written that no cents at all were struck that year, but coinage did resume in December of 1815 using an 1814 or 1816-dated die.[4]
Once the embargo was lifted and the mint received new planchets, large cent production resumed, this time with a new design of the goddess Liberty by Robert Scot. The design change was made because the Classic Head cents received much criticism.
In 1823, only proof cents were produced during the calendar year, all others were made in 1824 using back-dated dies.[5]
The new cents, known as Matron Head cents, were not much better, however, and numismatist Walter H. Breen called the design "a spectacularly ugly head of Ms. Liberty".[6] In 1836, Christian Gobrecht made several modifications to the design, giving the bust of Liberty a younger appearance.
Gobrecht made further changes in 1839, creating the "Petite Head" Braided Hair cent. In 1843, the bust was enlarged and tilted upward, this design is known as the "Mature Head".
Varietiesedit
Matron Head varietiesedit
Matron Head varieties (1816–1839)
Year
Variety
Mintage
Notes
1816
–
2,820,982
1817
13 stars
3,948,400
15 stars error
Likely to have been caused by Robert Scot's poor eyesight due to age
An 1868 dime pattern struck with the Coronet large cent obverse.
The price of copper rose dramatically in the late-1840s, and the cost of producing large cents rose as a result. The US Mint started seeking an alternative that used less copper. The first attempt was to perforate the coin, resulting in the ring cents of 1850 and 1851. The standard composition of these coins was billon, an alloy of 90% copper and 10% silver. This coin was not placed into production as it was expensive to extract the silver from the alloy, and the coins were difficult to eject from the dies. Additionally, a drop in the price of copper temporarily eliminated the need to replace the large cent.
The price of copper rose again in the mid-1850s, and the mint again looked for an alternative cent. This time, the cent was reduced in size, only a little larger than a dime. Patterns for the Flying Eagle cent were struck in 1854, and proved to be a suitable replacement for the large cent. The small cent was approved for production in 1856, and several thousand 1856 Flying Eagle cents were sold to collectors. Full-scale production commenced in mid-1857, replacing the large cent last struck earlier that year.[13]
In 1868, eleven years after the last large cent was produced, a mint employee struck around a dozen and a half large cents dated 1868. These coins were struck in both copper and nickel planchets.[14][15] Also produced that year were about 2 dozen dime patterns were minted in nickel with the obverse die of the 1868 large cent, plus an additional 2 dozen pieces struck in copper.[16]
^Garrett, Jeff; Bowers, Q. David; Bresset, Kenneth (2018). A Guide Book of United States Coins (72 ed.). R. S. Yeoman. p. 109.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^"Classic Head Large Cents (1808–1814)". from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
^Julian, R.W. (May 3, 2022). "Matron Head Cents 1816-1835". Numismatic News. No. Volume 71, Number 11. Active Interest Media.
^Julian, R.W. (May 24, 2022). "U.S. Mint Reports and Coinage". No. Numismatic News. Active Interest Media.
^"Coronet Head Large Cents (1816-1839)". from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
^"1817 Coronet Head Large Cent, 15 Stars". June 21, 2012. from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
^"1823 1C Private Restrike, BN (Regular Strike) Coronet Head Cent - PCGS CoinFacts". PCGS. from the original on December 27, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
^"1823 Coronet Head Large Cent". June 21, 2012. from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
^"1844/81 1C, BN (Regular Strike) Braided Hair Cent - PCGS CoinFacts". PCGS. from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
^"1844/81 "Blundered Date" Braided Hair Large Cent". October 15, 2013. from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
^"1851/81 1C, BN (Regular Strike) Braided Hair Cent - PCGS CoinFacts". PCGS. from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
^"1857 Flying Eagle Cent". July 20, 2009. from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
^"J610/P675". uspatterns.com. from the original on November 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
^"J611/P676". uspatterns.com. from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
^"J647/P720". uspatterns.com. from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
coronet, large, cent, braided, hair, redirects, here, other, uses, braided, hair, disambiguation, type, large, cent, issued, united, states, mint, philadelphia, mint, from, 1816, until, 1857, united, statesvalue0, dollarmass10, gdiameter29, 1836, 1839, 1839, 1. Braided Hair redirects here For other uses see Braided Hair disambiguation The Coronet large cent was a type of large cent issued by the United States Mint at the Philadelphia Mint 1 from 1816 until 1857 2 Coronet large centUnited StatesValue0 01 U S DollarMass10 89 gDiameter29 1836 1839 or 27 1839 1857 and 1868 mmEdgePlainComposition100 CuYears of minting1816 1857 and 1868Mint marksNone all large cents were minted at the Philadelphia Mint ObverseDesignLibertyDesignerRobert ScotDesign date1816DesignLibertyDesignerRobert Scot original design Christian Gobrecht modified design Design date1836DesignLiberty Braided Hair Petite HeadDesignerRobert Scot original design Christian Gobrecht modified design Design date1839DesignLiberty Braided Hair Mature HeadDesignerRobert Scot original design Christian Gobrecht modified design Design date1843ReverseDesignWreathDesignerRobert ScotDesign date1816DesignWreathDesignerRobert Scot original design Christian Gobrecht modified design Design date1839There are two similar designs of the Coronet large cent the Matron Head and the Braided Hair the latter with a slightly altered profile This was the last large cent produced by the mint being replaced by the reduced diameter Flying Eagle cent in 1857 Contents 1 History 2 Varieties 2 1 Matron Head varieties 2 2 Braided Hair varieties 3 Replacement 4 See also 5 ReferencesHistory editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed December 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message During the War of 1812 a trade embargo was imposed between the United States and England which had supplied the US Mint with copper planchets 3 The mint s supply was exhausted in 1814 and no Classic Head cents were produced dated 1815 It has often been written that no cents at all were struck that year but coinage did resume in December of 1815 using an 1814 or 1816 dated die 4 Once the embargo was lifted and the mint received new planchets large cent production resumed this time with a new design of the goddess Liberty by Robert Scot The design change was made because the Classic Head cents received much criticism In 1823 only proof cents were produced during the calendar year all others were made in 1824 using back dated dies 5 The new cents known as Matron Head cents were not much better however and numismatist Walter H Breen called the design a spectacularly ugly head of Ms Liberty 6 In 1836 Christian Gobrecht made several modifications to the design giving the bust of Liberty a younger appearance Gobrecht made further changes in 1839 creating the Petite Head Braided Hair cent In 1843 the bust was enlarged and tilted upward this design is known as the Mature Head Varieties editMatron Head varieties edit Matron Head varieties 1816 1839 Year Variety Mintage Notes1816 2 820 9821817 13 stars 3 948 40015 stars error Likely to have been caused by Robert Scot s poor eyesight due to age1818 3 167 0001819 Standard date 2 671 0009 over 8 error1820 Small date 4 407 550Large date20 over 19 error Both small date and large date known 7 1821 389 0001822 2 072 3391823 Standard date3 over 2 errorRestrike An estimated 240 examples exist 8 Believed to have been created around the same time as the 1804 restrike large cent 9 Silver restrike gt 21824 Standard date 1 262 0004 over 2 error1825 1 461 1001826 Standard date 1 517 4256 over 5 error1827 2 357 7321828 Large date 2 260 624Small date1829 Large lettering 1 414 500Small lettering1830 Large lettering 1 711 500Small lettering1831 Large lettering 3 359 260Small lettering1832 Large lettering 2 362 000Small lettering1833 2 739 0001834 Small 8 large stars 1 855 100Large 8 small starsLarge 8 large stars small letteringLarge 8 large stars large lettering1835 Small 8 small stars 3 878 400Large 8 large starsType of 18361836 2 111 0001837 Type of 1837 large lettering 5 558 300Type of 1837 small letteringType of 18381838 6 370 2001839 Head of 1838 3 128 661Head of 1838 9 over 6 error Silly Head Booby Head Braided Hair varieties edit Braided Hair varieties 1839 1857 1868 Year Variety Mintage Notes1839 3 128 6611840 Small date 2 462 700Large dateSmall over large date error1841 1 597 3671842 Large date 2 383 390Small date1843 Small head small lettering 2 425 342Small head large letteringLarge head1844 Standard date 2 398 75244 over 81 error In reality the date was punched into the die upside down but was corrected by punching the date correctly 10 11 1845 3 894 8041846 Small date 4 120 800Medium dateTall date1847 Standard date 6 183 669Large over small 471848 Standard date 6 415 799Small date counterfeit gt 10 12 Although this coin is a counterfeit many numismatists include this coin in coin catalogs1849 4 178 5001850 4 426 8441851 Standard date 9 889 70751 over 81 This error is similar to the 44 over 81 error and inverted date was corrected by punching the date correctly into the die 12 1852 5 063 0941853 6 641 1311854 4 236 1561855 Upright 55 1 574 829Slanted 55Slanted 55 knob on ear Error caused by a die break1856 Upright 5 2 690 463Slanted 51857 Large date 333 456Small date1868 Nickel gt 7 Pattern coins struck for collectorsCopper 12Replacement editMain articles Ring cent and Flying Eagle cent nbsp An 1868 dime pattern struck with the Coronet large cent obverse The price of copper rose dramatically in the late 1840s and the cost of producing large cents rose as a result The US Mint started seeking an alternative that used less copper The first attempt was to perforate the coin resulting in the ring cents of 1850 and 1851 The standard composition of these coins was billon an alloy of 90 copper and 10 silver This coin was not placed into production as it was expensive to extract the silver from the alloy and the coins were difficult to eject from the dies Additionally a drop in the price of copper temporarily eliminated the need to replace the large cent The price of copper rose again in the mid 1850s and the mint again looked for an alternative cent This time the cent was reduced in size only a little larger than a dime Patterns for the Flying Eagle cent were struck in 1854 and proved to be a suitable replacement for the large cent The small cent was approved for production in 1856 and several thousand 1856 Flying Eagle cents were sold to collectors Full scale production commenced in mid 1857 replacing the large cent last struck earlier that year 13 In 1868 eleven years after the last large cent was produced a mint employee struck around a dozen and a half large cents dated 1868 These coins were struck in both copper and nickel planchets 14 15 Also produced that year were about 2 dozen dime patterns were minted in nickel with the obverse die of the 1868 large cent plus an additional 2 dozen pieces struck in copper 16 See also editSilver center cent Chain cent Wreath cent Liberty Cap large cent Draped Bust Indian Head cent Lincoln centReferences edit Garrett Jeff Bowers Q David Bresset Kenneth 2018 A Guide Book of United States Coins 72 ed R S Yeoman p 109 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Garrett op cit p 116 Classic Head Large Cents 1808 1814 Archived from the original on May 1 2019 Retrieved May 3 2019 Julian R W May 3 2022 Matron Head Cents 1816 1835 Numismatic News No Volume 71 Number 11 Active Interest Media Julian R W May 24 2022 U S Mint Reports and Coinage No Numismatic News Active Interest Media Coronet Head Large Cents 1816 1839 Archived from the original on May 3 2019 Retrieved May 3 2019 1817 Coronet Head Large Cent 15 Stars June 21 2012 Archived from the original on May 3 2019 Retrieved May 1 2019 1823 1C Private Restrike BN Regular Strike Coronet Head Cent PCGS CoinFacts PCGS Archived from the original on December 27 2019 Retrieved March 17 2019 1823 Coronet Head Large Cent June 21 2012 Archived from the original on May 3 2019 Retrieved May 1 2019 1844 81 1C BN Regular Strike Braided Hair Cent PCGS CoinFacts PCGS Archived from the original on October 1 2020 Retrieved May 1 2019 1844 81 Blundered Date Braided Hair Large Cent October 15 2013 Archived from the original on May 1 2019 Retrieved May 1 2019 1851 81 1C BN Regular Strike Braided Hair Cent PCGS CoinFacts PCGS Archived from the original on May 1 2019 Retrieved May 1 2019 1857 Flying Eagle Cent July 20 2009 Archived from the original on May 3 2019 Retrieved May 3 2019 J610 P675 uspatterns com Archived from the original on November 3 2019 Retrieved May 3 2019 J611 P676 uspatterns com Archived from the original on August 3 2019 Retrieved May 3 2019 J647 P720 uspatterns com Archived from the original on May 10 2019 Retrieved May 10 2019 Preceded byClassic Head cent United States one cent coin 1816 1857 Succeeded byFlying Eagle cent Portals nbsp Money nbsp Numismatics nbsp United States Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Coronet large cent amp oldid 1194945670, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
