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Martín de Valencia

November 30, 2023

Martín de Valencia was born in Valencia de Don Juan, in the bishopric of Oviedo, Spain, ca. 1474.[1] He died Tlalmanalco, Mexico, 21 March 1534.[2] He was a Spanish Franciscan missionary, leader of the Twelve Apostles of Mexico, the first group of mendicants in New Spain.

Portrait of Martín de Valencia
Monument in Veracruz

Life edit

He entered the Franciscan Order at Mayorga in the Province of Santiago. Fellow Franciscan Fray Toribio de Benavente Motolinia wrote an account of Fray Martin's life, following his death.[3] After Fray Martin was ordained, he sent to the town of Valencia, from whence he took his name. He built the monastery of Santa Maria del Berrogal, and was the chief founder of the Custody of San Gabriel, for which he visited Rome.

In 1523 when he was 50, he was chosen to head a band of twelve Franciscans who were to work for the conversion of the Mexican natives, in what is sometimes called the "spiritual conquest."[4] They reached their destination in May 1524, and were received by Hernán Cortés shortly after their arrival. Fray Martin, as apostolic delegate, presided at the first ecclesiastical synod in the New World, 2 July 1524. At the same time he established the Custody of the Holy Gospel, of which he was elected the first custos. After an interval of three years he was re-elected in 1530.[5] Many Franciscans learned indigenous languages in Mexico, preaching, teaching, and compiling dictionaries, books or sermons, and confessional manuals, in particular Nahuatl, but Fray Martin did not, although according to Motolinia, "he took great pleasure in hearing others preach."[6]

He led a penitential life and was much praised by his fellow Franciscans.[7] After eight years in Mexico, in 1532, he sought to evangelize even farther afield in the Far East. According to Motolinia, Hernán Cortés promised Fray Martín was promised ships to accomplish this. Fray Martín and eight Franciscans went to Tecoantepec, on the coast in the Zapotec region; however, the ships were not built and Fray Martín returned to central Mexico.[8] At the end of his life he lived in the Nahua town of Tlalmanalco. Nearby was the town of Amaquemecan (Amecameca), where he withdrew in a holy cave for prayer and meditation.[9] His presence and impact in Amaquemecan was recorded by seventeenth-century Nahua historian and annalist, Chimalpahin, who wrote about the Franciscans in Amaquemecan and Fray Martín in particular. According to Chimalpahin, Fray Martín's residence brought prestige to Amaquemecan's ruler, Quetzalmaçatzin, who was baptized Don Tomás de San Martín Quetzalaçatzin Chichimeca teuchtli. However, the friar's presence also complicated the ruler's life, since Fray Martín pressured him to give up his multiple wives, a practice incompatible with Christianity.[10] When Fray Martín felt death was near, Don Tomás was worried that he not die in Amaquemecan. Fray Martín was returned to Tlalmanalco, where the ruler there was also concerned that the friar not die there, and attempted to send him by boat or canoe to Mexico City. He died on March 21, 1534, at the water's edge, and was initially buried there. His body was later moved to the Franciscan church of San Luis Obispo, built in 1532, in Tlalmanalco.[11][12][13]

Fray Martin and his eleven fellow Franciscans, the Twelve Apostles of Mexico baptized large numbers of Indians.[14]

References edit

  1. ^ Toribio de Benavente Motolinia Motolinia's History of the Indians of New Spain, translated by Elizabeth Andros Foster. Greenwood Press 1973, p. 175, 185. Motolinia says that Fray Martin was 50 when he came to New Spain, placing his birth approximately 1474.
  2. ^ Toribio de Benavente Motolinia Motolinia's History of the Indians of New Spain, translated by Elizabeth Andros Foster. Greenwood Press 1973,p. 186.
  3. ^ Toribio de Benavente Motolinia Motolinia's History of the Indians of New Spain, translated by Elizabeth Andros Foster. Greenwood Press 1973, pp.174-178.
  4. ^ Robert Ricard, The Spiritual Conquest of Mexico: An Essay on the Apostolate and the Evangelizing Methods of the Mendicant Orders in New Spain, 1523-1572, translated by Lesley Byrd Simpson. Berkeley: University of California Press 1966.
  5. ^ Ricard, Spiritual Conquest, p. 53
  6. ^ Toribio de Benavente Motolinia Motolinia's History of the Indians of New Spain, translated by Elizabeth Andros Foster. Greenwood Press 1973, p. 183.
  7. ^ Toribio de Benavente Motolinia Motolinia's History of the Indians of New Spain, translated by Elizabeth Andros Foster. Greenwood Press 1973, p. 174-188. The chapter title is "Of the friars who have died in the conversion of the Indians of New Spain. Account of the life of Fray Martín de Valencia, which is very worthy of being noted and remembered."
  8. ^ Toribio de Benavente Motolinia Motolinia's History of the Indians of New Spain, translated by Elizabeth Andros Foster. Greenwood Press 1973,pp. 196-198.
  9. ^ The caves still exist and now have a shrine commemorating Fray Martin. Susan Schroeder, Chimalpahin and the Kingdoms of Chalco, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, p. 230, note 19.
  10. ^ Susan Schroeder, "Chimalpahin's View of Spanish Ecclesiastics in Colonial Mexico," in Indian Religious Relations in Colonial Spanish America, edited by Susan E. Ramirez. Foreign and Comparative Studies/Latin American Series 9. Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs. Syracuse University, 1989, pp. 24-25.
  11. ^ Schroeder 1989, ibid.
  12. ^ Susan Schroeder, Chimalpahin and the Kingdoms of Chalco, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, p. 77.
  13. ^ Toribio de Benavente Motolinia Motolinia's History of the Indians of New Spain, translated by Elizabeth Andros Foster. Greenwood Press 1973, p. 185-186.
  14. ^ Joaquín García Icazbalceta, Nueva colección de documentos para la historia de México, vol. 2, Mexico 1886-1892, pp. 177-186.
  • Harold, Epitome Annalium FF. Minorum (Rome, 1672);
  • Gonzaga, De Origine Seraphicae Religionis, II (Rome, 1587);
  • Fray Geronimo de Mendieta, Historia Eclesiastica Indiana (Mexico, 1870);
  • Motolinia, Toribio de Benavente, Motolinia's History of the Indians of New Spain, translated by Elizabeth Andros Foster. Greenwood Press 1973;
  • Ricard, Robert, The Spiritual Conquest of Mexico: An Essay on the Apostolate and the Evangelizing Methods of the Mendicant Orders in New Spain, 1523-1572, translated by Lesley Byrd Simpson. Berkeley: University of California Press 1966;
  • Vetancurt, A. de Cronica de la Prov. del Santo Evangelo (Mexico, 1697);
  • Vetancurt, A. de Menologio Franciscano (Mexico, 1697);
  • Fray Juan de Torquemada, Monarquia Indiana, I (Madrid, 1723);
  • Perusini, Cronologia Historico-Legalis, III (Rome, 1752).

External links edit

  • Catholic Encyclopedia article

  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

November 30, 2023
martín, valencia, born, valencia, juan, bishopric, oviedo, spain, 1474, died, tlalmanalco, mexico, march, 1534, spanish, franciscan, missionary, leader, twelve, apostles, mexico, first, group, mendicants, spain, portrait, monument, veracruzlife, edithe, entere. Martin de Valencia was born in Valencia de Don Juan in the bishopric of Oviedo Spain ca 1474 1 He died Tlalmanalco Mexico 21 March 1534 2 He was a Spanish Franciscan missionary leader of the Twelve Apostles of Mexico the first group of mendicants in New Spain Portrait of Martin de ValenciaMonument in VeracruzLife editHe entered the Franciscan Order at Mayorga in the Province of Santiago Fellow Franciscan Fray Toribio de Benavente Motolinia wrote an account of Fray Martin s life following his death 3 After Fray Martin was ordained he sent to the town of Valencia from whence he took his name He built the monastery of Santa Maria del Berrogal and was the chief founder of the Custody of San Gabriel for which he visited Rome In 1523 when he was 50 he was chosen to head a band of twelve Franciscans who were to work for the conversion of the Mexican natives in what is sometimes called the spiritual conquest 4 They reached their destination in May 1524 and were received by Hernan Cortes shortly after their arrival Fray Martin as apostolic delegate presided at the first ecclesiastical synod in the New World 2 July 1524 At the same time he established the Custody of the Holy Gospel of which he was elected the first custos After an interval of three years he was re elected in 1530 5 Many Franciscans learned indigenous languages in Mexico preaching teaching and compiling dictionaries books or sermons and confessional manuals in particular Nahuatl but Fray Martin did not although according to Motolinia he took great pleasure in hearing others preach 6 He led a penitential life and was much praised by his fellow Franciscans 7 After eight years in Mexico in 1532 he sought to evangelize even farther afield in the Far East According to Motolinia Hernan Cortes promised Fray Martin was promised ships to accomplish this Fray Martin and eight Franciscans went to Tecoantepec on the coast in the Zapotec region however the ships were not built and Fray Martin returned to central Mexico 8 At the end of his life he lived in the Nahua town of Tlalmanalco Nearby was the town of Amaquemecan Amecameca where he withdrew in a holy cave for prayer and meditation 9 His presence and impact in Amaquemecan was recorded by seventeenth century Nahua historian and annalist Chimalpahin who wrote about the Franciscans in Amaquemecan and Fray Martin in particular According to Chimalpahin Fray Martin s residence brought prestige to Amaquemecan s ruler Quetzalmacatzin who was baptized Don Tomas de San Martin Quetzalacatzin Chichimeca teuchtli However the friar s presence also complicated the ruler s life since Fray Martin pressured him to give up his multiple wives a practice incompatible with Christianity 10 When Fray Martin felt death was near Don Tomas was worried that he not die in Amaquemecan Fray Martin was returned to Tlalmanalco where the ruler there was also concerned that the friar not die there and attempted to send him by boat or canoe to Mexico City He died on March 21 1534 at the water s edge and was initially buried there His body was later moved to the Franciscan church of San Luis Obispo built in 1532 in Tlalmanalco 11 12 13 Fray Martin and his eleven fellow Franciscans the Twelve Apostles of Mexico baptized large numbers of Indians 14 References edit Toribio de Benavente Motolinia Motolinia s History of the Indians of New Spain translated by Elizabeth Andros Foster Greenwood Press 1973 p 175 185 Motolinia says that Fray Martin was 50 when he came to New Spain placing his birth approximately 1474 Toribio de Benavente Motolinia Motolinia s History of the Indians of New Spain translated by Elizabeth Andros Foster Greenwood Press 1973 p 186 Toribio de Benavente Motolinia Motolinia s History of the Indians of New Spain translated by Elizabeth Andros Foster Greenwood Press 1973 pp 174 178 Robert Ricard The Spiritual Conquest of Mexico An Essay on the Apostolate and the Evangelizing Methods of the Mendicant Orders in New Spain 1523 1572 translated by Lesley Byrd Simpson Berkeley University of California Press 1966 Ricard Spiritual Conquest p 53 Toribio de Benavente Motolinia Motolinia s History of the Indians of New Spain translated by Elizabeth Andros Foster Greenwood Press 1973 p 183 Toribio de Benavente Motolinia Motolinia s History of the Indians of New Spain translated by Elizabeth Andros Foster Greenwood Press 1973 p 174 188 The chapter title is Of the friars who have died in the conversion of the Indians of New Spain Account of the life of Fray Martin de Valencia which is very worthy of being noted and remembered Toribio de Benavente Motolinia Motolinia s History of the Indians of New Spain translated by Elizabeth Andros Foster Greenwood Press 1973 pp 196 198 The caves still exist and now have a shrine commemorating Fray Martin Susan Schroeder Chimalpahin and the Kingdoms of Chalco Tucson University of Arizona Press p 230 note 19 Susan Schroeder Chimalpahin s View of Spanish Ecclesiastics in Colonial Mexico in Indian Religious Relations in Colonial Spanish America edited by Susan E Ramirez Foreign and Comparative Studies Latin American Series 9 Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs Syracuse University 1989 pp 24 25 Schroeder 1989 ibid Susan Schroeder Chimalpahin and the Kingdoms of Chalco Tucson University of Arizona Press p 77 Toribio de Benavente Motolinia Motolinia s History of the Indians of New Spain translated by Elizabeth Andros Foster Greenwood Press 1973 p 185 186 Joaquin Garcia Icazbalceta Nueva coleccion de documentos para la historia de Mexico vol 2 Mexico 1886 1892 pp 177 186 Harold Epitome Annalium FF Minorum Rome 1672 Gonzaga De Origine Seraphicae Religionis II Rome 1587 Fray Geronimo de Mendieta Historia Eclesiastica Indiana Mexico 1870 Motolinia Toribio de Benavente Motolinia s History of the Indians of New Spain translated by Elizabeth Andros Foster Greenwood Press 1973 Ricard Robert The Spiritual Conquest of Mexico An Essay on the Apostolate and the Evangelizing Methods of the Mendicant Orders in New Spain 1523 1572 translated by Lesley Byrd Simpson Berkeley University of California Press 1966 Vetancurt A de Cronica de la Prov del Santo Evangelo Mexico 1697 Vetancurt A de Menologio Franciscano Mexico 1697 Fray Juan de Torquemada Monarquia Indiana I Madrid 1723 Perusini Cronologia Historico Legalis III Rome 1752 External links editCatholic Encyclopedia article nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company a href Template Cite encyclopedia html title Template Cite encyclopedia cite encyclopedia a Missing or empty title help Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Martin de Valencia amp oldid 1146087101, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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