The marsh frog is the largest type of frog in most of its range, with males growing to a size around 100 mm (3.9 in) SVL and females slightly larger (4 in) SVL.[4] There is a large variation in colour and pattern, ranging from dark green to brown or grey, sometimes with some lighter green lines; a lighter line on the back is generally present. The frog will usually be darker coloured in early spring to absorb heat more efficiently.
Tadpoles can reach up to 190 mm (7.3 in) in length,[3] but this usually occurs in places with long winters where the tadpole has time to grow.
These frogs are very lenient in their habitats, and are able to inhabit a majority of different types of water bodies.[3] Marsh frogs hibernate during the winter either underwater or in burrows, and are able to use the magnetic field of the Earth to locate breeding ponds.[6]
Dietedit
Adult marsh frogs have a large head that is able to devour a wide variety of prey, mostly arthropods and other invertebrates. In an analysis of 53 adults in Thrace, flies made up 40% and beetles 20% of their diet.[7] These frogs have been found to climb onto water buffalo so they could eat the flies attracted to it, hinting at a possible mutualistic relationship.[8]
As tadpoles, they eat a wide range of organic matter including algae, detritus, decaying plants, and dead animals.[3]
edible frogPelophylax kl. esculentus (usually genotype RL): pool frogP. lessonae (LL) × P. ridibundus (RR)[9][10]
Graf's hybrid frogPelophylax kl. grafi (PR): Perez's frogP. perezi (PP) × P. ridibundus (RR) or Perez's frog P. perezi (PP) × edible frog P. kl. esculentus (RE) (it is unclear which one crossing was the primary hybridization)[10]
Their populations are maintained however through other crossings by hybridogenesis.[10] In places where they were introduced, marsh frogs may pose a threat to the native Pelophylax by diluting the gene pool, but there is evidence that although they may hybridize they do not affect the overall population that greatly.[5][11]
Referencesedit
^Sergius Kuzmin, David Tarkhnishvili, Vladimir Ishchenko, Tatjana Dujsebayeva, Boris Tuniyev, Theodore Papenfuss, Trevor Beebee, Ismail H. Ugurtas, Max Sparreboom, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani, Ahmad Mohammed Mousa Disi, Steven Anderson, Mathieu Denoël, Franco Andreone (2009). "Pelophylax ridibundus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T58705A11825745. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T58705A11825745.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Frost, Darrel R. (2013). "Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771)". Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^Erismis, Ugur (7 March 2010). "Abundance, demography and population structure of Pelophylax ridibundus (Anura: Ranidae) in 26-August National Park (Turkey)" (PDF). North-Western Journal of Zoology. 7 (1): 5–16.
^ abLeuenberger, Julien; Gander, Antoine; Schmidt, Benedikt R.; Perrin, Nicolas (20 February 2014). "Are invasive marsh frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus) replacing the native P. lessonae/P. esculentus hybridogenetic complex in Western Europe? Genetic evidence from a field study" (PDF). Conservation Genetics. 15 (4): 869–878. doi:10.1007/s10592-014-0585-0. S2CID 17246330.
^Shakhparonov, Ogurtsov, Vladimir, Sergey (November 2016). "Marsh frogs, Pelophylax ridibundus, determine migratory direction by magnetic field". Journal of Comparative Physiology. 203 (1): 35–43. doi:10.1007/s00359-016-1132-x. PMID 27885506. S2CID 6361418 – via ResearchGate.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Çiçek, Mermer, Kerim, A. (January 2007). "Food composition of the marsh frog, Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771, in Thrace". Turkish Journal of Zoology. 31 (1): 83–90 – via ResearchGate.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^"A possible mutualistic interaction between vertebrates: frogs use water buffaloes as a foraging place". Acta Herpetologica. 12 (1): 113–116. July 2017 – via ResearchGate.
^Berger, L. (1970). "Some characteristics of the crossess within Rana esculenta complex in postlarval development". Ann. Zool. 27: 374–416.
^ abcHolsbeek, G.; Jooris, R. (2010). "Potential impact of genome exclusion by alien species in the hybridogenetic water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex)" (PDF). Biol Invasions. Springer Netherlands. 12: 1–13. doi:10.1007/s10530-009-9427-2. ISSN 1387-3547. S2CID 23535815. Retrieved 2015-06-19.
^"A record of alien Pelophylax species and widespread mitochondrial DNA transfer in Kaliningradskaya Oblast' (the Baltic coast, Russia)" (PDF). BioInvasions Records. 9. June 2020 – via Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre.
External linksedit
Marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) call recorded late evening in Basildon, Essex, UK
Media related to Pelophylax ridibundus at Wikimedia Commons
marsh, frog, other, uses, disambiguation, marsh, frog, pelophylax, ridibundus, species, water, frog, native, europe, parts, western, asia, conservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotakingdom, animaliaphylum, chordatacla. For other uses see Marsh frog disambiguation The marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus is a species of water frog native to Europe and parts of western Asia 3 Marsh frogConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AmphibiaOrder AnuraFamily RanidaeGenus PelophylaxSpecies P ridibundusBinomial namePelophylax ridibundus Pallas 1771 DistributionSynonymsRana ridibunda Pallas 1771 2 Female individual compared to human hand Tadpole on human hand Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Diet 4 Hybridogenesis 5 References 6 External linksDescription editThe marsh frog is the largest type of frog in most of its range with males growing to a size around 100 mm 3 9 in SVL and females slightly larger 4 in SVL 4 There is a large variation in colour and pattern ranging from dark green to brown or grey sometimes with some lighter green lines a lighter line on the back is generally present The frog will usually be darker coloured in early spring to absorb heat more efficiently Tadpoles can reach up to 190 mm 7 3 in in length 3 but this usually occurs in places with long winters where the tadpole has time to grow Distribution and habitat editThey occur in a large part of Europe starting from western France and spreading out into the Middle East and about a quarter into Russia 3 There are also isolated populations in Saudi Arabia and the Russian Far East along with some introduced populations in the United Kingdom and other places 5 These frogs are very lenient in their habitats and are able to inhabit a majority of different types of water bodies 3 Marsh frogs hibernate during the winter either underwater or in burrows and are able to use the magnetic field of the Earth to locate breeding ponds 6 Diet editAdult marsh frogs have a large head that is able to devour a wide variety of prey mostly arthropods and other invertebrates In an analysis of 53 adults in Thrace flies made up 40 and beetles 20 of their diet 7 These frogs have been found to climb onto water buffalo so they could eat the flies attracted to it hinting at a possible mutualistic relationship 8 As tadpoles they eat a wide range of organic matter including algae detritus decaying plants and dead animals 3 Hybridogenesis editSee also Hybridogenesis in water frogs There are known three hybridogenetic hybrids of the marsh frog edible frog Pelophylax kl esculentus usually genotype RL pool frog P lessonae LL P ridibundus RR 9 10 Graf s hybrid frog Pelophylax kl grafi PR Perez s frog P perezi PP P ridibundus RR orPerez s frog P perezi PP edible frog P kl esculentus RE it is unclear which one crossing was the primary hybridization 10 Italian edible frog Pelophylax kl hispanicus RB Italian pool frog P bergeri BB P ridibundus RR Their populations are maintained however through other crossings by hybridogenesis 10 In places where they were introduced marsh frogs may pose a threat to the native Pelophylax by diluting the gene pool but there is evidence that although they may hybridize they do not affect the overall population that greatly 5 11 References edit Sergius Kuzmin David Tarkhnishvili Vladimir Ishchenko Tatjana Dujsebayeva Boris Tuniyev Theodore Papenfuss Trevor Beebee Ismail H Ugurtas Max Sparreboom Nasrullah Rastegar Pouyani Ahmad Mohammed Mousa Disi Steven Anderson Mathieu Denoel Franco Andreone 2009 Pelophylax ridibundus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009 e T58705A11825745 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2009 RLTS T58705A11825745 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Frost Darrel R 2013 Pelophylax ridibundus Pallas 1771 Amphibian Species of the World 5 6 an Online Reference American Museum of Natural History Retrieved 24 July 2013 a b c d e Pelophylax ridibundus Marsh Frog AmphibiaWeb Erismis Ugur 7 March 2010 Abundance demography and population structure of Pelophylax ridibundus Anura Ranidae in 26 August National Park Turkey PDF North Western Journal of Zoology 7 1 5 16 a b Leuenberger Julien Gander Antoine Schmidt Benedikt R Perrin Nicolas 20 February 2014 Are invasive marsh frogs Pelophylax ridibundus replacing the native P lessonae P esculentus hybridogenetic complex in Western Europe Genetic evidence from a field study PDF Conservation Genetics 15 4 869 878 doi 10 1007 s10592 014 0585 0 S2CID 17246330 Shakhparonov Ogurtsov Vladimir Sergey November 2016 Marsh frogs Pelophylax ridibundus determine migratory direction by magnetic field Journal of Comparative Physiology 203 1 35 43 doi 10 1007 s00359 016 1132 x PMID 27885506 S2CID 6361418 via ResearchGate a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Cicek Mermer Kerim A January 2007 Food composition of the marsh frog Rana ridibunda Pallas 1771 in Thrace Turkish Journal of Zoology 31 1 83 90 via ResearchGate a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link A possible mutualistic interaction between vertebrates frogs use water buffaloes as a foraging place Acta Herpetologica 12 1 113 116 July 2017 via ResearchGate Berger L 1970 Some characteristics of the crossess within Rana esculenta complex in postlarval development Ann Zool 27 374 416 a b c Holsbeek G Jooris R 2010 Potential impact of genome exclusion by alien species in the hybridogenetic water frogs Pelophylax esculentus complex PDF Biol Invasions Springer Netherlands 12 1 13 doi 10 1007 s10530 009 9427 2 ISSN 1387 3547 S2CID 23535815 Retrieved 2015 06 19 A record of alien Pelophylax species and widespread mitochondrial DNA transfer in Kaliningradskaya Oblast the Baltic coast Russia PDF BioInvasions Records 9 June 2020 via Regional Euro Asian Biological Invasions Centre External links edit source source Marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus call recorded late evening in Basildon Essex UK nbsp Media related to Pelophylax ridibundus at Wikimedia Commons Listen to Pelophylax ridibundus call soundPortal nbsp Frogs Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marsh frog amp oldid 1195538869, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
