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Sciomyzidae

September 01, 2023

The family Sciomyzidae belongs to the typical flies (Brachycera) of the order Diptera. They are commonly called marsh flies, and in some cases snail-killing flies due to the food of their larvae.[2]

Sciomyzidae
Tetanocera sp. Size = 10mm [1]
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Section: Schizophora
Subsection: Acalyptratae
Superfamily: Sciomyzoidea
Family: Sciomyzidae
Fallén, 1820
Subfamilies

Sciomyzinae
Huttonininae (disputed)
Phaeomyiinae (disputed)
Salticellinae (disputed)

Synonyms

Huttoninidae (disputed)
Phaeomyiidae (disputed)
Tetanoceridae

Pherbellia annulipes hunting on decaying wood (video, 1m 6s)
Limnia sp. on a blade of grass (video, 34s)

Here, the Huttoninidae, Phaeomyiidae and Tetanoceridae are provisionally included in the Sciomyzidae. Particularly the latter seem to be an unequivocal part of this group and are ranked as tribe of subfamily Sciomyzinae by most modern authors, while the former two are very small lineages that may or may not stand outside the family and are provisionally ranked as subfamilies here. Whether the Salticellinae and the group around Sepedon warrant recognition as additional subfamilies or are better included in the Sciomyzinae proper is likewise not yet entirely clear. Altogether, the main point of contention is the relationship between the "Huttoninidae", "Phaeomyiidae", Sciomyzidae sensu stricto, and the Helosciomyzidae which were also once included in the Sciomyzidae.

Sciomyzidae are found in all the biogeographic realms but are poorly represented in the Australasian and Oceanian realms.

Description Edit

For terms see Morphology of Diptera. Sciomyzidae are small or medium-sized (2–14 mm), usually slender flies with predominantly dull grey, brown, reddish or yellow body, rarely black-lustrous. Wings hyaline, often with dark spots or dark reticulate pattern. The head is semispherical or round. The antennae are usually elongate and the arista is pubescent or has shorter or longer hairs. Ocelli and ocellar bristles are present (absent in Sepedon). The postvertical bristles are divergent or parallel. There are one or two pairs of frontal bristles which curve backward (the lower pair sometimes curving inward) Interfrontal bristles are absent but interfrontal setulae are sometimes present. Vibrissae are absent. The wing is clear or with conspicuous markings. The costa is continuous and the subcosta is complete. Crossvein BM-Cu is present and the anal cell (cell cup) is closed. Tibiae almost always have a dorsal preapical bristle.

Biology Edit

Marsh flies are common along the edges of ponds and rivers, and in marshy areas. The adults drink dew and nectar. The larvae prey on or become parasites of gastropods (slugs and snails). The occasional sciomyzid attacks snail eggs or fingernail clams.[3] Very little is known about the complete life cycle of these flies but most of the known larvae are semi-aquatic and some are aquatic. Other species have terrestrial larvae. Larvae mainly prey on non-operculate snails. Some species which prey on bivalves have larvae adapted to breathing under water. In some terrestrial species the penultimate larval instar emerges from the snail or slug it developed in. The last instar is then predatory on several snails.

The adults rest on vegetation head down. According to the larval habitat, they are found near water, in marshy vegetation, in woodland or occasionally dry open habitats.

Identification Edit

  • Stackelberg, A.A. Family Sciomyzidae in Bei-Bienko, G. Ya, 1988 Keys to the insects of the European Part of the USSR Volume 5 (Diptera) Part 2 English edition. Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision.
  • Séguy, E. (1934) Diptères: Brachycères. II. Muscidae acalypterae, Scatophagidae. Paris: Éditions Faune de France 28.

Selected genera Edit

Subfamily Sciomyzinae (possibly polyphyletic)

Tribe Sciomyzini
Tribe Tetanocerini
Subfamily Huttonininae (tentatively placed here)
Subfamily Phaeomyiinae (tentatively placed here)
Subfamily Salticellinae (sometimes included in Sciomyzinae)

Species Lists Edit

  • Australasian/Oceanian
  • Nearctic
  • Japan
  • World list

References Edit

  1. ^ Cirrus Digital: Marsh Fly - Tetanocera species
  2. ^ New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Dennis P. Gordon. Christchurch, N.Z.: Canterbury University Press. 2009–2012. p. 337. ISBN 978-1-877257-72-8. OCLC 340800193.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. ^ Foote, B.A.; Knutson, L.V.; Keiper, J.B. (1999). "The snail-killing flies of Alaska (Diptera: Sciomyzidae)". Insecta Mundi. 13 (1–2): 45–71. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
  4. ^ Papp, László (2004). "Description of the first apterous genus of Sciomyzidae (Diptera), from Nepal". Revue Suisse de Zoologie; Annales de la Société Zoologique Suisse et du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève. 111 (1): 57–62. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  5. ^ a b c Cresson, Ezra Townsend (1920). "A Revision of the Nearctic Sciomyzidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae)". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 46 (1): 27–89. JSTOR 25077025.
  6. ^ a b Steyskal, G C; Knutson, L V (1975). "Key to the genera of Sciomyzidae (Diptera) from the Americas south of the United States, with descriptions of two new genera". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 77: 274–277. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
  7. ^ Sack, Pius (1939). "Sciomyzidae". Die Fliegen der Paläarktischen Region. 125 (1, 2, 3).
  8. ^ Marinoni, Luciane; Zumbado, Manuel A.; Knutson, Lloyd. "A new genus and species of Sciomyzidae (Diptera) from the Neotropical Region". Zootaxa. 540 (1). ISSN 1175-5334.
  9. ^ Becker, Theodor (1919). Diptères, brachycères. Mission du Service Geographique de l'Armée pour la mesure d'un arc de méridien équatorial en Amérique du Sud sous le contrôle scientifique de l'Académie des Sciences, 1899-1906. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. p. 163. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Malloch, John Russell (1933). "Acalyptrata; Heleomyzidae, Trypetidae, Sciomyzidae, Sapromyzidae". Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. 6 (4): 177–389.
  11. ^ a b Enderlein, Günther (1939). "Zur Kenntnis der Klassifikation der Tetanoceriden (Diptera)". Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Kolonial- und Übersee-Museum in Bremen. 2 (3): 201–210.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Knutson, Lloyd Vernon; Vala, Jean-Claude (2011). Biology of Snail-Killing Sciomyzidae Flies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–526. ISBN 978-0521867856.
  13. ^ a b c d Verbeke, J. (1950). "Sciomyzidae (Diptera Cyclorrhapha)" (PDF). Exploration du Parc National Albert (Mission G. F. DE WITTE, 1933-1935). 63: 1–97. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
  14. ^ a b c Tonnoir, A. L.; Malloch, J. R. (1928). "New Zealand Muscidae Acalyptratae. Part IV. Sciomyzidae". Records of the Canterbury Museum. 3 (3): 151–179.
  15. ^ a b Barnes, Jeffrey K. (1980). "Taxonomy of the New Zealand genus Eulimnia, and biology and immature stages of E. philpotti (Diptera: Sciomyzidae)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 7: 91–103. doi:10.1080/03014223.1980.10423766.
  16. ^ Steyskal, George C. (1954). "Colobaea and Hedria, Two Genera of Sciomyzidae New to America (Diptera: Acalyptratae)". The Canadian Entomologist. 86 (2): 60–65. doi:10.4039/Ent8660-2. S2CID 85786311.
  17. ^ Neodictya Elberg, 1965
  18. ^ Mayer, Helmut (1953). "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Sciomyzidae (Dipt. Musc. acalyptr.)" (PDF). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. 59: 202–219. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  19. ^ a b Hendel, F. (1900). "Untersuchungen über die europäischen Arten der Gattung Tetanocera im Sinne Schiner's. Eine dipterologische Studie". Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 50: 319–358.
  20. ^ a b Steyskal, George C. (1973). "A New Classification of the Sepedon Group of the Family Sciomyzidae (Diptera) with Two New Genera". Entomological News. 84: 143–146. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  21. ^ Ghorpade, Kumar; Marinoni, Luciane; Knutson, Lloyd (1999). "Steyskalina picta, new genus and species of Tetanocerini (Diptera, Sciomyzidae) from the Oriental Region". Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. 16 (3): 835–839. doi:10.1590/S0101-81751999000300020. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  22. ^ Hennig, Willi (1952). "Bemerkenswerte neue Acalyptraten in der Sammlung des Deutschen Entomologischen Institutes (Diptera: Acalyptrata)". Beiträge zur Entomologie. 2 (6): 604–618. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  23. ^ Perty, M. (1833). Delectus animalium articulatorum quae in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr. J.B. de Sphix et Dr. C.F. Ph. De Martius. Munich. pp. 189, pl. 37.
  24. ^ Knutson, L. V. (1968). "A new genus and species of Sciomyzidae from Tanzania, with a key to the genera of the Ethiopian Region and distributional notes". Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa. 31 (1): 175–180.

Further reading Edit

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sciomyzidae.
  • Family Sciomyzidae at EOL
  • Delta: Family description and images
  • The Marsh Flies of California
  • Marsh fly (Tetanocera sp) diagnostic photographs, male and female specimens, in copulo
  • Images of Sciomyzidae from Diptera.info
  • Images of Sciomyzidae from Bug Guide

September 01, 2023
sciomyzidae, family, belongs, typical, flies, brachycera, order, diptera, they, commonly, called, marsh, flies, some, cases, snail, killing, flies, food, their, larvae, tetanocera, size, 10mm, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotakingdom, animaliaphylum,. The family Sciomyzidae belongs to the typical flies Brachycera of the order Diptera They are commonly called marsh flies and in some cases snail killing flies due to the food of their larvae 2 SciomyzidaeTetanocera sp Size 10mm 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaOrder DipteraSection SchizophoraSubsection AcalyptrataeSuperfamily SciomyzoideaFamily SciomyzidaeFallen 1820SubfamiliesSciomyzinaeHuttonininae disputed Phaeomyiinae disputed Salticellinae disputed SynonymsHuttoninidae disputed Phaeomyiidae disputed Tetanoceridae source source source source source source source source source source Pherbellia annulipes hunting on decaying wood video 1m 6s source source source source source source source source source source Limniasp on a blade of grass video 34s Here the Huttoninidae Phaeomyiidae and Tetanoceridae are provisionally included in the Sciomyzidae Particularly the latter seem to be an unequivocal part of this group and are ranked as tribe of subfamily Sciomyzinae by most modern authors while the former two are very small lineages that may or may not stand outside the family and are provisionally ranked as subfamilies here Whether the Salticellinae and the group around Sepedon warrant recognition as additional subfamilies or are better included in the Sciomyzinae proper is likewise not yet entirely clear Altogether the main point of contention is the relationship between the Huttoninidae Phaeomyiidae Sciomyzidae sensu stricto and the Helosciomyzidae which were also once included in the Sciomyzidae Sciomyzidae are found in all the biogeographic realms but are poorly represented in the Australasian and Oceanian realms Contents 1 Description 2 Biology 3 Identification 4 Selected genera 5 Species Lists 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksDescription EditFor terms see Morphology of Diptera Sciomyzidae are small or medium sized 2 14 mm usually slender flies with predominantly dull grey brown reddish or yellow body rarely black lustrous Wings hyaline often with dark spots or dark reticulate pattern The head is semispherical or round The antennae are usually elongate and the arista is pubescent or has shorter or longer hairs Ocelli and ocellar bristles are present absent in Sepedon The postvertical bristles are divergent or parallel There are one or two pairs of frontal bristles which curve backward the lower pair sometimes curving inward Interfrontal bristles are absent but interfrontal setulae are sometimes present Vibrissae are absent The wing is clear or with conspicuous markings The costa is continuous and the subcosta is complete Crossvein BM Cu is present and the anal cell cell cup is closed Tibiae almost always have a dorsal preapical bristle Biology EditMarsh flies are common along the edges of ponds and rivers and in marshy areas The adults drink dew and nectar The larvae prey on or become parasites of gastropods slugs and snails The occasional sciomyzid attacks snail eggs or fingernail clams 3 Very little is known about the complete life cycle of these flies but most of the known larvae are semi aquatic and some are aquatic Other species have terrestrial larvae Larvae mainly prey on non operculate snails Some species which prey on bivalves have larvae adapted to breathing under water In some terrestrial species the penultimate larval instar emerges from the snail or slug it developed in The last instar is then predatory on several snails The adults rest on vegetation head down According to the larval habitat they are found near water in marshy vegetation in woodland or occasionally dry open habitats Identification EditStackelberg A A Family Sciomyzidae in Bei Bienko G Ya 1988 Keys to the insects of the European Part of the USSR Volume 5 Diptera Part 2 English edition Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision Seguy E 1934 Dipteres Brachyceres II Muscidae acalypterae Scatophagidae Paris Editions Faune de France 28 virtuelle numeriqueSelected genera EditSubfamily Sciomyzinae possibly polyphyletic Tribe SciomyziniApteromicra Papp 2004 4 Atrichomelina Cresson 1920 5 Calliscia Steyskal 1975 6 Colobaea Zetterstedt 1837 Ditaeniella Sack 1939 7 Neuzina Marinoni amp Knutson 2004 8 Oidematops Cresson 1920 5 Parectinocera Becker 1919 9 Pherbellia Robineau Desvoidy 1830 Pseudomelina Malloch 1933 10 Psacadina Enderlein 1939 11 Pteromicra Lioy 1864 Sciomyza Fallen 1820 Tetanura Fallen 1820Tribe TetanoceriniAnticheta Haliday 1838 Chasmacryptum Becker 1907 12 Coremacera Rondani 1856 Dichetophora Rondani 1868 Dictya Meigen 1803 Dictyacium Steyskal 1956 Dictyodes Malloch 1933 12 10 Ectinocera Zetterstedt 1838 Elgiva Meigen 1838 Ethiolimnia Verbeke 1950 13 Eulimnia Tonnoir amp Malloch 1928 12 14 15 Euthycera Latreille 1829 Euthycerina Malloch 1933 12 10 Eutrichomelina Steyskal in Steyskal amp Knutson 1975 12 6 Guatemalia Steyskal 1960 12 Hedria Steyskal 1954 16 Hoplodictya Cresson 1920 5 Hydromya Robineau Desvoidy 1830 Ilione Haliday in Curtis 1837 Limnia Robineau Desvoidy 1830 Neodictya Elberg 1965 17 Neolimnia Tonnoir amp Malloch 1928 12 14 Oligolimnia Mayer 1953 12 18 Perilimnia Becker 1919 12 Pherbecta Steyskal 1956 Pherbina Robineau Desvoidy 1830 Poecilographa Melander 1913 Protodictya Malloch 1933 12 10 Psacadina Enderlein 1939 11 Renocera Hendel 1900 19 Sepedomerus Steyskal 1973 20 Sepedon Latreille 1804 Sepedonea Steyskal 1973 20 Sepedonella Verbeke 1950 13 Sepedoninus Verbeke 1950 13 Shannonia Malloch 1933 12 10 Steyskalina Knutson 1999 21 Tetanocera Dumeril 1800 Tetanoceroides Malloch 1933 12 10 Tetanoptera Verbeke 1950 13 Teutoniomyia Hennig 1952 22 Thecomyia Perty 1833 23 Trypetolimnia Mayer 1953 Trypetoptera Hendel 1900 19 Verbekaria Knutson 1968 24 Subfamily Huttonininae tentatively placed here Huttonina Tonnoir amp Malloch 1928 14 15 Prosochaeta Malloch 1935Subfamily Phaeomyiinae tentatively placed here Akebono Sueyoshi 2009 Pelidnoptera Rondani 1856 Prophaeomyia Hennig 1965Subfamily Salticellinae sometimes included in Sciomyzinae Prosalticella Hennig 1965 Salticella Robineau Desvoidy 1830Species Lists EditWest Palaearctic including Russia Australasian Oceanian Nearctic Japan World listReferences Edit Cirrus Digital Marsh Fly Tetanocera species New Zealand inventory of biodiversity Dennis P Gordon Christchurch N Z Canterbury University Press 2009 2012 p 337 ISBN 978 1 877257 72 8 OCLC 340800193 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Foote B A Knutson L V Keiper J B 1999 The snail killing flies of Alaska Diptera Sciomyzidae Insecta Mundi 13 1 2 45 71 Retrieved 31 December 2014 Papp Laszlo 2004 Description of the first apterous genus of Sciomyzidae Diptera from Nepal Revue Suisse de Zoologie Annales de la Societe Zoologique Suisse et du Museum d Histoire Naturelle de Geneve 111 1 57 62 Retrieved 25 November 2018 a b c Cresson Ezra Townsend 1920 A Revision of the Nearctic Sciomyzidae Diptera Acalyptratae Transactions of the American Entomological Society 46 1 27 89 JSTOR 25077025 a b Steyskal G C Knutson L V 1975 Key to the genera of Sciomyzidae Diptera from the Americas south of the United States with descriptions of two new genera Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 77 274 277 Retrieved 10 November 2018 Sack Pius 1939 Sciomyzidae Die Fliegen der Palaarktischen Region 125 1 2 3 Marinoni Luciane Zumbado Manuel A Knutson Lloyd A new genus and species of Sciomyzidae Diptera from the Neotropical Region Zootaxa 540 1 ISSN 1175 5334 Becker Theodor 1919 Dipteres brachyceres Mission du Service Geographique de l Armee pour la mesure d un arc de meridien equatorial en Amerique du Sud sous le controle scientifique de l Academie des Sciences 1899 1906 Paris Gauthier Villars p 163 Retrieved 25 November 2018 a b c d e f Malloch John Russell 1933 Acalyptrata Heleomyzidae Trypetidae Sciomyzidae Sapromyzidae Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile 6 4 177 389 a b Enderlein Gunther 1939 Zur Kenntnis der Klassifikation der Tetanoceriden Diptera Veroffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Kolonial und Ubersee Museum in Bremen 2 3 201 210 a b c d e f g h i j k l Knutson Lloyd Vernon Vala Jean Claude 2011 Biology of Snail Killing Sciomyzidae Flies Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 1 526 ISBN 978 0521867856 a b c d Verbeke J 1950 Sciomyzidae Diptera Cyclorrhapha PDF Exploration du Parc National Albert Mission G F DE WITTE 1933 1935 63 1 97 Retrieved 6 November 2018 a b c Tonnoir A L Malloch J R 1928 New Zealand Muscidae Acalyptratae Part IV Sciomyzidae Records of the Canterbury Museum 3 3 151 179 a b Barnes Jeffrey K 1980 Taxonomy of the New Zealand genus Eulimnia and biology and immature stages of E philpotti Diptera Sciomyzidae New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7 91 103 doi 10 1080 03014223 1980 10423766 Steyskal George C 1954 Colobaea and Hedria Two Genera of Sciomyzidae New to America Diptera Acalyptratae The Canadian Entomologist 86 2 60 65 doi 10 4039 Ent8660 2 S2CID 85786311 Neodictya Elberg 1965 Mayer Helmut 1953 Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Sciomyzidae Dipt Musc acalyptr PDF Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 59 202 219 Retrieved 15 November 2018 a b Hendel F 1900 Untersuchungen uber die europaischen Arten der Gattung Tetanocera im Sinne Schiner s Eine dipterologische Studie Verhandlungen der Zoologisch Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 50 319 358 a b Steyskal George C 1973 A New Classification of the Sepedon Group of the Family Sciomyzidae Diptera with Two New Genera Entomological News 84 143 146 Retrieved 19 November 2018 Ghorpade Kumar Marinoni Luciane Knutson Lloyd 1999 Steyskalina picta new genus and species of Tetanocerini Diptera Sciomyzidae from the Oriental Region Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16 3 835 839 doi 10 1590 S0101 81751999000300020 Retrieved 21 November 2018 Hennig Willi 1952 Bemerkenswerte neue Acalyptraten in der Sammlung des Deutschen Entomologischen Institutes Diptera Acalyptrata Beitrage zur Entomologie 2 6 604 618 Retrieved 25 November 2018 Perty M 1833 Delectus animalium articulatorum quae in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I Bavariae regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr J B de Sphix et Dr C F Ph De Martius Munich pp 189 pl 37 Knutson L V 1968 A new genus and species of Sciomyzidae from Tanzania with a key to the genera of the Ethiopian Region and distributional notes Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 31 1 175 180 Further reading EditRozkosny R 1984 The Sciomyzidae Diptera of Fennoscandia and Denmark Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 14 ISBN 90 04 07592 5 Hardback 224 pp 639 figures in English Lloyd Vernon Knutson and Jean Claude Vala 2011Biology of Snail Killing Sciomyzidae Flies Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521867856External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sciomyzidae Family Sciomyzidae at EOL Delta Family description and images The Marsh Flies of California Marsh fly Tetanocera sp diagnostic photographs male and female specimens in copulo Images of Sciomyzidae from Diptera info Images of Sciomyzidae from Bug Guide Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sciomyzidae amp oldid 1171068396, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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