Maroboduus (d. AD 37) was a king of the Marcomanni, who were a GermanicSuebian people. He spent part of his youth in Rome, and returning, found his people under pressure from invasions by the Roman empire between the Rhine and Elbe. He led them into the forests of Bohemia, near to the Quadi who already lived nearby, and established a large alliance.
The name appears in Latin and Greek texts spelt variously: Maroboduus, Marobodus, Maraboduus, Meroboduus, Morobuduus, Moroboduus, Marbodus and Marabodus in Latin sources; Maroboudos and Baroboudos in Greek ones.[citation needed]
According to linguist Xavier Delamarre, the personal name Maroboduus is a latinized form of GaulishMaro-boduos, from maro- ('great') attached to boduos ('crow'; cf. Middle Irish bodb 'scald-crow, war-divinity', Old Breton bodou 'ardea'; also Common BrittonicBoduoci).[1] The Celtic personal names Boduus, Teuto-boduus, Ate-boduus, Soli-boduus, Boduo-genus, and Buduo-gnatus are related.[1][2][3] Philologist John T. Koch argues that Middle Irish bodb must be understood as the 'bird on the battlefield and manifestation of the war-goddess'.[3]
The second element of the name, boduos, is a term shared by Celtic and Germanic languages, where it is found as the common noun *badwō ('battle'; cf. ON bǫð, OE beado, OS badu-, OHG batu-) and in the name of the war goddess Baduhenna.[1][4] The original meaning of Celtic–Germanic *bhodhwo- must have been 'battle, fight', later metaphorised in Celtic as 'crow', a bird symbolizing the carnage in battle.[1][2]
BiographyEdit
Maroboduus was born into a noble family of the Marcomanni. As a young man, he lived in Italy and enjoyed the favour of the Emperor Augustus.[5] The Marcomanni had been beaten utterly by the Romans in 10 BC. About 9 BC, Maroboduus returned to Germania and became ruler of his people. To deal with the threat of Roman expansion into the Rhine-Danube basin, he led the Marcomanni to the area later known as Bohemia to be outside the range of the Roman influence. There, he took the title of king and organized a confederation of several neighboring Germanic tribes.[6] He was the first documented ruler of Bohemia with a government.[7]
Augustus planned in 6 AD to destroy the kingdom of Maroboduus, which he considered to be too dangerous for the Romans. The future emperor Tiberius commanded 12 legions to attack the Marcomanni, but the outbreak of a revolt in Illyria, and the need for troops there, forced Tiberius to conclude a treaty with Maroboduus and to recognize him as king.[8]
War with Arminius and deathEdit
His rivalry with Arminius, the Cheruscan leader who inflicted the devastating defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest on the Romans under Publius Quinctilius Varus in 9 AD, prevented a concerted attack on Roman territory across the Rhine in the north (by Arminius) and in the Danube basin in the south (by Maroboduus).
However, according to the first-century AD historian Marcus Velleius Paterculus, Arminius sent Varus's head to Maroboduus, but the king of the Marcomanni sent it to Augustus.[9] In the revenge war of Tiberius and Germanicus against the Cherusci, in AD 16, Maroboduus stayed neutral.
In 17 AD, war broke out between Arminius and Maroboduus, and after an indecisive battle, Maroboduus withdrew into the hilly forests of Bohemia in 18 AD.[10] In the next year, Catualda, a young Marcomannic nobleman living in exile among the Gutones, returned, perhaps by a subversive Roman intervention, and defeated Maroboduus.[11] The deposed king had to flee to Italy, and Tiberius detained him 18 years in Ravenna. There, Maroboduus died in 37 AD.[12] Catualda was, in turn, defeated by the HermunduriVibilius, after which the realm was ruled by the QuadianVannius. Vannius was himself also deposed by Vibilius, in coordination with his nephews Vangio and Sido, who then ruled as Roman client kings.[13][14]
^"Maroboduus". britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. 20 March 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2020. Maroboduus, (died AD 37, Ravenna, Italy), king of the Marcomanni who organized the first confederation of German tribes.
^Velleius Paterculus, Compendium of Roman History 2, 109, 5; Cassius Dio, Roman History 55, 28, 6-7
^Velleius Paterculus, Compendium of Roman History 2, 119: "caput eius abscisum latumque ad Maroboduum et ab eo missum ad Caesarem"
Delamarre, Xavier (2003). Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental. Errance. ISBN9782877723695.
Koch, John T. (2020). Celto-Germanic, Later Prehistory and Post-Proto-Indo-European vocabulary in the North and West. University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies. ISBN9781907029325.
Kroonen, Guus (2013). Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Brill. ISBN9789004183407.
Dobiáš, Josef (1960). "King Maroboduus as a Politician". Klio. 38 (1). doi:10.1524/klio.1960.38.jg.155. ISSN 2192-7669.
Further readingEdit
Erdrich, Michael (2016). "Maroboduus and the Consolidation of Roman Authority in the Middle Danube Region". In Karwowski, Maciej; Ramsl, Peter C. (eds.). Boii - Taurisci. Proceedings of the International Seminar, Oberleis-Klement, June 14th-15th, 2012. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. pp. 237–252. ISBN978-3-7001-7740-1. JSTOR j.ctv8d5tb6.19.
maroboduus, later, bishop, rennes, marbodius, rennes, this, article, relies, excessively, references, primary, sources, please, improve, this, article, adding, secondary, tertiary, sources, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, december, 2012. For the later bishop of Rennes see Marbodius of Rennes This article relies excessively on references to primary sources Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources Find sources Maroboduus news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Maroboduus d AD 37 was a king of the Marcomanni who were a Germanic Suebian people He spent part of his youth in Rome and returning found his people under pressure from invasions by the Roman empire between the Rhine and Elbe He led them into the forests of Bohemia near to the Quadi who already lived nearby and established a large alliance Contents 1 Name 2 Biography 3 War with Arminius and death 4 References 4 1 Bibliography 5 Further reading 6 External linksName EditThe name appears in Latin and Greek texts spelt variously Maroboduus Marobodus Maraboduus Meroboduus Morobuduus Moroboduus Marbodus and Marabodus in Latin sources Maroboudos and Baroboudos in Greek ones citation needed According to linguist Xavier Delamarre the personal name Maroboduus is a latinized form of Gaulish Maro boduos from maro great attached to boduos crow cf Middle Irish bodb scald crow war divinity Old Breton bodou ardea also Common Brittonic Boduoci 1 The Celtic personal names Boduus Teuto boduus Ate boduus Soli boduus Boduo genus and Buduo gnatus are related 1 2 3 Philologist John T Koch argues that Middle Irish bodb must be understood as the bird on the battlefield and manifestation of the war goddess 3 The second element of the name boduos is a term shared by Celtic and Germanic languages where it is found as the common noun badwō battle cf ON bǫd OE beado OS badu OHG batu and in the name of the war goddess Baduhenna 1 4 The original meaning of Celtic Germanic bhodhwo must have been battle fight later metaphorised in Celtic as crow a bird symbolizing the carnage in battle 1 2 Biography EditMaroboduus was born into a noble family of the Marcomanni As a young man he lived in Italy and enjoyed the favour of the Emperor Augustus 5 The Marcomanni had been beaten utterly by the Romans in 10 BC About 9 BC Maroboduus returned to Germania and became ruler of his people To deal with the threat of Roman expansion into the Rhine Danube basin he led the Marcomanni to the area later known as Bohemia to be outside the range of the Roman influence There he took the title of king and organized a confederation of several neighboring Germanic tribes 6 He was the first documented ruler of Bohemia with a government 7 nbsp Campaign of Tiberius and Saturninus against Marobudus in 6 ADAugustus planned in 6 AD to destroy the kingdom of Maroboduus which he considered to be too dangerous for the Romans The future emperor Tiberius commanded 12 legions to attack the Marcomanni but the outbreak of a revolt in Illyria and the need for troops there forced Tiberius to conclude a treaty with Maroboduus and to recognize him as king 8 War with Arminius and death EditHis rivalry with Arminius the Cheruscan leader who inflicted the devastating defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest on the Romans under Publius Quinctilius Varus in 9 AD prevented a concerted attack on Roman territory across the Rhine in the north by Arminius and in the Danube basin in the south by Maroboduus However according to the first century AD historian Marcus Velleius Paterculus Arminius sent Varus s head to Maroboduus but the king of the Marcomanni sent it to Augustus 9 In the revenge war of Tiberius and Germanicus against the Cherusci in AD 16 Maroboduus stayed neutral In 17 AD war broke out between Arminius and Maroboduus and after an indecisive battle Maroboduus withdrew into the hilly forests of Bohemia in 18 AD 10 In the next year Catualda a young Marcomannic nobleman living in exile among the Gutones returned perhaps by a subversive Roman intervention and defeated Maroboduus 11 The deposed king had to flee to Italy and Tiberius detained him 18 years in Ravenna There Maroboduus died in 37 AD 12 Catualda was in turn defeated by the Hermunduri Vibilius after which the realm was ruled by the Quadian Vannius Vannius was himself also deposed by Vibilius in coordination with his nephews Vangio and Sido who then ruled as Roman client kings 13 14 References Edit a b c d Delamarre 2003 p 81 a b Matasovic 2009 p 70 a b Koch 2020 p 90 Kroonen 2013 p 47 Strabo 7 1 3 p 290 7 1 3 p 290 Marcus Velleius Paterculus Compendium of Roman History 2 108 Maroboduus britannica com Encyclopaedia Britannica inc 20 March 2016 Retrieved 21 June 2020 Maroboduus died AD 37 Ravenna Italy king of the Marcomanni who organized the first confederation of German tribes Velleius Paterculus Compendium of Roman History 2 109 5 Cassius Dio Roman History 55 28 6 7 Velleius Paterculus Compendium of Roman History 2 119 caput eius abscisum latumque ad Maroboduum et ab eo missum ad Caesarem Tacitus Annals 2 44 46 Tacitus The Annals 2 62 Tacitus The Annals 2 63 Tacitus Book 12 27 31 Text in Latin and English at Sacred Texts Germania UNRV History Bibliography Edit Delamarre Xavier 2003 Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise Une approche linguistique du vieux celtique continental Errance ISBN 9782877723695 Koch John T 2020 Celto Germanic Later Prehistory and Post Proto Indo European vocabulary in the North and West University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies ISBN 9781907029325 Kroonen Guus 2013 Etymological Dictionary of Proto Germanic Brill ISBN 9789004183407 Matasovic Ranko 2009 Etymological Dictionary of Proto Celtic Brill ISBN 9789004173361 Dobias Josef 1960 King Maroboduus as a Politician Klio 38 1 doi 10 1524 klio 1960 38 jg 155 ISSN 2192 7669 Further reading EditErdrich Michael 2016 Maroboduus and the Consolidation of Roman Authority in the Middle Danube Region In Karwowski Maciej Ramsl Peter C eds Boii Taurisci Proceedings of the International Seminar Oberleis Klement June 14th 15th 2012 Austrian Academy of Sciences Press pp 237 252 ISBN 978 3 7001 7740 1 JSTOR j ctv8d5tb6 19 Peter Kehne Marbod In Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde vol 19 2001 p 258 262 Tacitus Annals Book 1 amp Book 2 External links EditGaulish English Dictionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Maroboduus amp oldid 1176872041, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
