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Marine Isotope Stage 5

February 15, 2024

Marine Isotope Stage 5 or MIS 5 is a marine isotope stage in the geologic temperature record, between 130,000 and 80,000 years ago.[1] Sub-stage MIS 5e, called the Eemian or Ipswichian, covers the last major interglacial period before the Holocene, which extends to the present day.[2] Interglacial periods which occurred during the Pleistocene are investigated to better understand present and future climate variability. Thus, the present interglacial, the Holocene, is compared with MIS 5 or the interglacials of Marine Isotope Stage 11.

5 million year history, representing the Lisiecki and Raymo (2005) LR04 Benthic Stack

Substages edit

MIS 5, is divided into substages, divided alphabetically or with a numeric system for referring to "horizons" (events rather than periods), with MIS 5.5 representing the peak point of MIS 5e, and 5.51, 5.52 etc. representing the peaks and troughs of the record at a still more detailed level.[3]

Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e edit

Main article: Eemian

Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e, called the Eemian (Ipswichian in Britain) around 124,000–119,000 years ago, was the last interglacial period before the present (Holocene), and compared global mean surface temperatures were at least 2 °C (3.6 °F) warmer. Mean sea level was 4–6 m (13–20 ft) higher than at present, following reductions of the Greenland ice sheet. Fossil reef proxies indicate sea level fluctuations of up to 10 m (33 ft) around the mean. Based on the data obtained from stable oxygen isotopes of planktonic foraminifera and age constraints from corals, estimates suggest average rates of sea-level rise of 1.6 m (5 ft 3 in) per century. The findings are important to understand current climate change, because global mean temperatures during MIS-5e were similar to the projected climate change today.[4]

A 2015 study by sea level rise experts concluded that based on MIS 5e data, sea level rise could accelerate in the coming decades, with a doubling time of 10, 20 or 40 years. The study abstract explains:

We argue that ice sheets in contact with the ocean are vulnerable to non-linear disintegration in response to ocean warming, and we posit that ice sheet mass loss can be approximated by a doubling time up to sea level rise of at least several meters. Doubling times of 10, 20 or 40 years yield sea level rise of several meters in 50, 100 or 200 years. Paleoclimate data reveal that subsurface ocean warming causes ice shelf melt and ice sheet discharge. Our climate model exposes amplifying feedbacks in the Southern Ocean that slow Antarctic bottom water formation and increase ocean temperature near ice shelf grounding lines, while cooling the surface ocean and increasing sea ice cover and water column stability. Ocean surface cooling, in the North Atlantic as well as the Southern Ocean, increases tropospheric horizontal temperature gradients, eddy kinetic energy and baroclinicity, which drive more powerful storms.[5]

A 2018 study based on cave formations in the Mediterranean Sea found sea level rise of up to 6 meters, noting "The results suggest that if the pre-industrial temperature will be surpassed by 1.5 to 2°C, sea level will respond and rise 2 to 6 meters (7 to 20 feet) above present sea level."[6] Evidence from Bahamas and Bermuda suggest powerful storm activity at the time, strong enough for wave-transported megaboulders, lowland chevron storm ridges, and wave runup deposits.[7]

Other sub-stages edit

The Eemian was followed by a sharp decline in temperature around 116,000 years ago and the warmer MIS 5c,from around 100,000 years ago, probably the period known as the Chelford Interstadial in Britain. Cooling from around 90,000 years ago was followed by the warmer MIS 5a, around 80,000 years ago, called in Britain the Brimpton Interstadial.[8]

From MIS 5c to MIS 5a, or from about 104,000 to 82,000 years ago, the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) declined in overall intensity.[9]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Medley, S. Elizabeth (2011). . University of California. Archived from the original on 2014-07-27. Retrieved 2014-07-20.
  2. ^ Shackleton, Nicholas J.; Sánchez-Goñi, Maria Fernanda; Pailler, Delphine; Lancelot, Yves (2003). (PDF). Global and Planetary Change. 36 (3): 151–155. Bibcode:2003GPC....36..151S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.470.1677. doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(02)00181-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2014-08-07.
  3. ^ Lisiecki, L.E. (2005). "Ages of MIS boundaries". LR04 Benthic Stack. Boston University.
  4. ^ Rohling, E. J.; Grant, K.; Hemleben, Ch.; Siddall, M.; Hoogakker, B. A. A.; Bolshaw, M.; Kucera, M. (2007). "High rates of sea-level rise during the last interglacial period". Nature Geoscience. 1: 38–42. doi:10.1038/ngeo.2007.28.
  5. ^ Hansen, J.; Sato, M.; Hearty, P.; Ruedy, R.; Kelley, M.; Masson-Delmotte, V.; Russell, G.; Tselioudis, G.; Cao, J.; Rignot, E.; Velicogna, I.; Kandiano, E.; von Schuckmann, K.; Kharecha, P.; Legrande, A. N.; Bauer, M.; Lo, K.-W. (2015). "Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: Evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 °C global warming is highly dangerous" (PDF). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions. 15 (14): 20059–20179. Bibcode:2015ACPD...1520059H. doi:10.5194/acpd-15-20059-2015.
  6. ^ University of New Mexico. "Scientists find stable sea levels during last interglacial". ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
  7. ^ Hearty, P.J.; Tormey, B.R. (2017). "Sea-level change and superstorms; geologic evidence from the last interglacial (MIS 5e) in the Bahamas and Bermuda offers ominous prospects for a warming Earth". Marine Geology. 390: 347–365. Bibcode:2017MGeol.390..347H. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2017.05.009.
  8. ^ Stone, P.; et al. "Devensian glaciations, Quaternary, Southern Uplands". Earthwise. British Geological Survey. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  9. ^ Band, Shraddha T.; Yadava, M. G.; Kaushal, Nikita; Midhun, M.; Thirumalai, Kaustubh; Francis, Timmy; Laskar, Amzad; Ramesh, R.; Henderson, Gideon M.; Narayana, A. C. (16 June 2022). "Southern hemisphere forced millennial scale Indian summer monsoon variability during the late Pleistocene". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 10136. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-14010-6. hdl:20.500.11850/555981. ISSN 2045-2322. Retrieved 19 December 2023.

February 15, 2024
marine, isotope, stage, marine, isotope, stage, geologic, temperature, record, between, years, stage, called, eemian, ipswichian, covers, last, major, interglacial, period, before, holocene, which, extends, present, interglacial, periods, which, occurred, duri. Marine Isotope Stage 5 or MIS 5 is a marine isotope stage in the geologic temperature record between 130 000 and 80 000 years ago 1 Sub stage MIS 5e called the Eemian or Ipswichian covers the last major interglacial period before the Holocene which extends to the present day 2 Interglacial periods which occurred during the Pleistocene are investigated to better understand present and future climate variability Thus the present interglacial the Holocene is compared with MIS 5 or the interglacials of Marine Isotope Stage 11 5 million year history representing the Lisiecki and Raymo 2005 LR04 Benthic Stack Contents 1 Substages 1 1 Marine Isotope Stage MIS 5e 1 2 Other sub stages 2 See also 3 ReferencesSubstages editMIS 5 is divided into substages divided alphabetically or with a numeric system for referring to horizons events rather than periods with MIS 5 5 representing the peak point of MIS 5e and 5 51 5 52 etc representing the peaks and troughs of the record at a still more detailed level 3 Marine Isotope Stage MIS 5e edit Main article Eemian Marine Isotope Stage MIS 5e called the Eemian Ipswichian in Britain around 124 000 119 000 years ago was the last interglacial period before the present Holocene and compared global mean surface temperatures were at least 2 C 3 6 F warmer Mean sea level was 4 6 m 13 20 ft higher than at present following reductions of the Greenland ice sheet Fossil reef proxies indicate sea level fluctuations of up to 10 m 33 ft around the mean Based on the data obtained from stable oxygen isotopes of planktonic foraminifera and age constraints from corals estimates suggest average rates of sea level rise of 1 6 m 5 ft 3 in per century The findings are important to understand current climate change because global mean temperatures during MIS 5e were similar to the projected climate change today 4 A 2015 study by sea level rise experts concluded that based on MIS 5e data sea level rise could accelerate in the coming decades with a doubling time of 10 20 or 40 years The study abstract explains We argue that ice sheets in contact with the ocean are vulnerable to non linear disintegration in response to ocean warming and we posit that ice sheet mass loss can be approximated by a doubling time up to sea level rise of at least several meters Doubling times of 10 20 or 40 years yield sea level rise of several meters in 50 100 or 200 years Paleoclimate data reveal that subsurface ocean warming causes ice shelf melt and ice sheet discharge Our climate model exposes amplifying feedbacks in the Southern Ocean that slow Antarctic bottom water formation and increase ocean temperature near ice shelf grounding lines while cooling the surface ocean and increasing sea ice cover and water column stability Ocean surface cooling in the North Atlantic as well as the Southern Ocean increases tropospheric horizontal temperature gradients eddy kinetic energy and baroclinicity which drive more powerful storms 5 A 2018 study based on cave formations in the Mediterranean Sea found sea level rise of up to 6 meters noting The results suggest that if the pre industrial temperature will be surpassed by 1 5 to 2 C sea level will respond and rise 2 to 6 meters 7 to 20 feet above present sea level 6 Evidence from Bahamas and Bermuda suggest powerful storm activity at the time strong enough for wave transported megaboulders lowland chevron storm ridges and wave runup deposits 7 Other sub stages edit The Eemian was followed by a sharp decline in temperature around 116 000 years ago and the warmer MIS 5c from around 100 000 years ago probably the period known as the Chelford Interstadial in Britain Cooling from around 90 000 years ago was followed by the warmer MIS 5a around 80 000 years ago called in Britain the Brimpton Interstadial 8 From MIS 5c to MIS 5a or from about 104 000 to 82 000 years ago the Indian Summer Monsoon ISM declined in overall intensity 9 See also editMeltwater pulse 1A Paleothermometer Proxy climate Timeline of glaciationReferences edit Medley S Elizabeth 2011 High Resolution Climate Variability from Marine Isotope Stage 5 a Multi Proxy Record from the Cariaco Basin Venezuela University of California Archived from the original on 2014 07 27 Retrieved 2014 07 20 Shackleton Nicholas J Sanchez Goni Maria Fernanda Pailler Delphine Lancelot Yves 2003 Marine Isotope Substage 5e and the Eemian Interglacial PDF Global and Planetary Change 36 3 151 155 Bibcode 2003GPC 36 151S CiteSeerX 10 1 1 470 1677 doi 10 1016 S0921 8181 02 00181 9 Archived from the original PDF on 2016 03 03 Retrieved 2014 08 07 Lisiecki L E 2005 Ages of MIS boundaries LR04 Benthic Stack Boston University Rohling E J Grant K Hemleben Ch Siddall M Hoogakker B A A Bolshaw M Kucera M 2007 High rates of sea level rise during the last interglacial period Nature Geoscience 1 38 42 doi 10 1038 ngeo 2007 28 Hansen J Sato M Hearty P Ruedy R Kelley M Masson Delmotte V Russell G Tselioudis G Cao J Rignot E Velicogna I Kandiano E von Schuckmann K Kharecha P Legrande A N Bauer M Lo K W 2015 Ice melt sea level rise and superstorms Evidence from paleoclimate data climate modeling and modern observations that 2 C global warming is highly dangerous PDF Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15 14 20059 20179 Bibcode 2015ACPD 1520059H doi 10 5194 acpd 15 20059 2015 University of New Mexico Scientists find stable sea levels during last interglacial ScienceDaily Retrieved September 11 2018 Hearty P J Tormey B R 2017 Sea level change and superstorms geologic evidence from the last interglacial MIS 5e in the Bahamas and Bermuda offers ominous prospects for a warming Earth Marine Geology 390 347 365 Bibcode 2017MGeol 390 347H doi 10 1016 j margeo 2017 05 009 Stone P et al Devensian glaciations Quaternary Southern Uplands Earthwise British Geological Survey Retrieved 19 November 2019 Band Shraddha T Yadava M G Kaushal Nikita Midhun M Thirumalai Kaustubh Francis Timmy Laskar Amzad Ramesh R Henderson Gideon M Narayana A C 16 June 2022 Southern hemisphere forced millennial scale Indian summer monsoon variability during the late Pleistocene Scientific Reports 12 1 10136 doi 10 1038 s41598 022 14010 6 hdl 20 500 11850 555981 ISSN 2045 2322 Retrieved 19 December 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marine Isotope Stage 5 amp oldid 1193272332, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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