Margarete Zuelzer was the daughter of Jewish textile manufacturer Julius Zuelzer (1838–1889) and Henriette née Friedlaender (1852–1931). She studied natural sciences at the Humboldt University of Berlin and at the University of Heidelberg. She was among the first generation of women to officially attend university in Germany.[1] Studying science in particular was so unusual for a woman at the time that Zuelzer had to get special permission from each of her professors to attend their classes.[2] She earned her doctorate in 1904 with a dissertation on Difflugia urceolata Carter, a protozoa.[3] This made her the 37th woman to have earned a doctorate at the University of Heidelberg and the sixth to have earned one from its faculty of natural sciences.[4]
In 1907, she became the assistant at the water treatment center in Berlin. In 1916, she took a position at the Imperial Ministry of Health (Kaiserliches Gesundheitsamt), later the Reich's Ministry of Health (Reichsgesundheitsamt).[5] After 1919, she led the Protozoa Laboratory in Berlin-Dahlem and continually served as one of the few women on the advisory board, sometimes the only one.[1]
From 1926 to 1929, she was invited by the Dutch government to carry out a research study on "Weil's disease" in the Dutch Indies, specifically in Bali, Sumatra, and Java.[1] There, she became friends with German-Dutch biologist Wilhelm Schüffner.
In April 1933, she lost her position at the Protozoa Laboratory due to the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, which allowed civil servants of "non-Aryan descent" to be dismissed.[6] Zuelzer wrote an appeal demonstrating her ancestors' support of German nationalism, but this made no difference. In October 1939, Zuelzer immigrated to the Netherlands, where she procured a position at the Institute for Tropical Hygiene, which was led by Wilhelm Schüffner.[1]
Her sister Gertrud Zuelzer, a noted painter, was arrested in September 1942 and sent to Theresienstadt after a failed attempt to flee Germany to Switzerland. Margarete sent Gertrud packages of clothing and colored pencils with which Gertrud drew portraits of other prisoners in exchange for food. Gertrud credited her sister Margarete's packages as the reason that she was able to survive.[7][8]
In April 1943, Margarete Zuelzer was forced to move into a Jewish ghetto in Amsterdam. On 21 May, she was sent to the Westerbork Transit Camp. Before her deportation, her friend and colleague Wilhelm Schüffner had attempted in vain to procure a special position for her.[5] She died of starvation in the Westerbork Transit Camp on 23 August 1943, aged 66.[2][5][6]
In 2012, a Stolperstein ("stumbling stone") was laid in her memory at Eichkampstrasse 108 in Berlin, her last residence in the city.[6]
In the garden of the health department of the empire, fall 1926. Margarete Zuelzer (middle), Wilhelm Schüffner (second from left), and Paul Uhlenhuth (third from right)
Gertrud and Margarete Zuelzer (circa 1930)
Stolperstein for Margarete Zuelzer, Eichkampstr 108 Berlin
Bibliographyedit
Bloch, Max. "Gertrud und Margarete Zuelzer. Zwei Schwestern im Holocaust." Aschkenas, Vol. 24 (2014), Issue 1, pp. 195–214.
Bogdanov, Franziska. "Das Leben wird anders schauen nach dieser Schreckenszeit. Der Nachlass von Gertrud und Margarete Zuelzer im Jüdischen Museum Berlin." Journal of the Jewish Museum Berlin. Volume 13 (2015), pp. 40–41.
Referencesedit
^ abcd"Zuelzer / Stolperstein-Initiative Berlin Siedlerverein Eichkamp / Berlin, Charlottenburg". www.siedlung-eichkamp.de. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
^ abVogt, Annette B. (1 March 2009). "Margarete Zuelzer". Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
^Bibliographie Der Deutschen Naturwissenschaftlichen Litteratur (in German). Vol. 5. German Bureau of International Bibliography. 1904.
^ abcBogdanov, Franziska (2015). "Das Leben wird anders schauen nach dieser Schreckenzeit". Issuu. Jewish Museum Berlin. pp. 40–41. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
^ abcVogt, Annette. "In Memoriam: Margarete Zuelzer." 9 February 2012. Accessed 7 June 2016.
^Bloch, Max. "Gertrud und Margarete Zuelzer: Zwei Schwestern im Holocaust." Aschkenas 2014; 24(1):195–213.
^Strassmann, W. Paul (15 June 2008). The Strassmanns: Science, Politics and Migration in Turbulent Times (1793–1993). Berghahn Books. ISBN9781845454166.
External linksedit
"Stumbling stone" (Stolperstein) for Margarete Zuelzer with biography (in German and English)
Short biography on "Stolpersteine-Berlin" (in German)
April 15, 2024
margarete, zuelzer, margarete, hedwig, zuelzer, february, 1877, august, 1943, german, biologist, zoologist, specializing, study, protozoa, zuelzer, student, heidelberg, summer, semester, 1902born, 1877, february, 1877died29, august, 1943, 1943, aged, westerbor. Margarete Hedwig Zuelzer 2 February 1877 29 August 1943 was a German biologist and zoologist specializing in the study of protozoa Dr Margarete ZuelzerZuelzer as a student in Heidelberg in the summer semester of 1902Born 1877 02 02 2 February 1877Died29 August 1943 1943 08 29 aged 66 Westerbork transit camp Hooghalen NetherlandsCause of deathStarvationNationalityGermanEducationPhD 1904 Alma materHumboldt University of BerlinUniversity of HeidelbergScientific careerFieldsBiology ZoologyInstitutionsImperial Ministry of Health Kaiserliches Gesundheitsamt Institute for Tropical Hygiene NetherlandsPatronsWilhelm Schuffner Contents 1 Biography 2 Bibliography 3 References 4 External linksBiography editMargarete Zuelzer was the daughter of Jewish textile manufacturer Julius Zuelzer 1838 1889 and Henriette nee Friedlaender 1852 1931 She studied natural sciences at the Humboldt University of Berlin and at the University of Heidelberg She was among the first generation of women to officially attend university in Germany 1 Studying science in particular was so unusual for a woman at the time that Zuelzer had to get special permission from each of her professors to attend their classes 2 She earned her doctorate in 1904 with a dissertation on Difflugia urceolata Carter a protozoa 3 This made her the 37th woman to have earned a doctorate at the University of Heidelberg and the sixth to have earned one from its faculty of natural sciences 4 In 1907 she became the assistant at the water treatment center in Berlin In 1916 she took a position at the Imperial Ministry of Health Kaiserliches Gesundheitsamt later the Reich s Ministry of Health Reichsgesundheitsamt 5 After 1919 she led the Protozoa Laboratory in Berlin Dahlem and continually served as one of the few women on the advisory board sometimes the only one 1 From 1926 to 1929 she was invited by the Dutch government to carry out a research study on Weil s disease in the Dutch Indies specifically in Bali Sumatra and Java 1 There she became friends with German Dutch biologist Wilhelm Schuffner In April 1933 she lost her position at the Protozoa Laboratory due to the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service which allowed civil servants of non Aryan descent to be dismissed 6 Zuelzer wrote an appeal demonstrating her ancestors support of German nationalism but this made no difference In October 1939 Zuelzer immigrated to the Netherlands where she procured a position at the Institute for Tropical Hygiene which was led by Wilhelm Schuffner 1 Her sister Gertrud Zuelzer a noted painter was arrested in September 1942 and sent to Theresienstadt after a failed attempt to flee Germany to Switzerland Margarete sent Gertrud packages of clothing and colored pencils with which Gertrud drew portraits of other prisoners in exchange for food Gertrud credited her sister Margarete s packages as the reason that she was able to survive 7 8 In April 1943 Margarete Zuelzer was forced to move into a Jewish ghetto in Amsterdam On 21 May she was sent to the Westerbork Transit Camp Before her deportation her friend and colleague Wilhelm Schuffner had attempted in vain to procure a special position for her 5 She died of starvation in the Westerbork Transit Camp on 23 August 1943 aged 66 2 5 6 In 2012 a Stolperstein stumbling stone was laid in her memory at Eichkampstrasse 108 in Berlin her last residence in the city 6 nbsp In the garden of the health department of the empire fall 1926 Margarete Zuelzer middle Wilhelm Schuffner second from left and Paul Uhlenhuth third from right nbsp Gertrud and Margarete Zuelzer circa 1930 nbsp Stolperstein for Margarete Zuelzer Eichkampstr 108 BerlinBibliography editBloch Max Gertrud und Margarete Zuelzer Zwei Schwestern im Holocaust Aschkenas Vol 24 2014 Issue 1 pp 195 214 Bogdanov Franziska Das Leben wird anders schauen nach dieser Schreckenszeit Der Nachlass von Gertrud und Margarete Zuelzer im Judischen Museum Berlin Journal of the Jewish Museum Berlin Volume 13 2015 pp 40 41 References edit a b c d Zuelzer Stolperstein Initiative Berlin Siedlerverein Eichkamp Berlin Charlottenburg www siedlung eichkamp de Retrieved 7 June 2016 a b Vogt Annette B 1 March 2009 Margarete Zuelzer Jewish Women A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia Jewish Women s Archive Retrieved 7 June 2016 Bibliographie Der Deutschen Naturwissenschaftlichen Litteratur in German Vol 5 German Bureau of International Bibliography 1904 Universitatsarchiv Heidelberg Sign H V 5 2 a b c Bogdanov Franziska 2015 Das Leben wird anders schauen nach dieser Schreckenzeit Issuu Jewish Museum Berlin pp 40 41 Retrieved 7 June 2016 a b c Vogt Annette In Memoriam Margarete Zuelzer 9 February 2012 Accessed 7 June 2016 Bloch Max Gertrud und Margarete Zuelzer Zwei Schwestern im Holocaust Aschkenas 2014 24 1 195 213 Strassmann W Paul 15 June 2008 The Strassmanns Science Politics and Migration in Turbulent Times 1793 1993 Berghahn Books ISBN 9781845454166 External links edit Stumbling stone Stolperstein for Margarete Zuelzer with biography in German and English Short biography on Stolpersteine Berlin in German Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Margarete Zuelzer amp oldid 1197776786, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
