The Amardians, widely referred to as the Amardi (and sometimes Mardi), were an ancient Iranian[1] tribe living along the mountainous region bordering the Caspian Sea to the north,[2] to whom the Iron Age culture at Marlik is attributed.[3] They are said to be related to, or the same tribe as, the Dahae and Sacae. That is to say, they were Scythian.[4]Herodotus mentions a tribe with a similar name as one of the ten to fifteen Persian tribes in Persis.[1][5]
They lived in the valleys in between the Susis and Persis,[6] in what is now southwestern Iran. The southern Mardi are described by Nearchus as one of the four predatory mountain peoples of the southwest, along with the Susians, Uxii, and Elymaeans.[7] Of these four nomadic groups, they were the only tribe linguisticallyIranian.[8]
Strabo mentions the name Mardi several times. He places their location to the south of the Caspian Sea in what is now Gilan and Mazanderan, in northern Iran.[3][7] On his map, he mentions Amardos (and the Amardos river), the name attributed to the region of Sefidrud at the time.[3][10]
Herodotus mentions a tribe with a similar name as one of the ten to fifteen Persian tribes in Persis.[1][5] They lived in the valleys in between the Susis and Persis,[11] in what in now southwestern Iran. The southern Mardi are described by Nearchus as one of the four predatory mountain peoples of the southwest, along with the Susians, Uxii, and Elymaeans.[7] Of these four nomadic groups, they were the only tribe linguisticallyIranian.[12]
Galleryedit
Map of the Median Empire (600 BC), showing the relative locations of the Amardian tribe.
"The Mardians: A Note" (PDF). Leonardo Gregoratti (Durham University, UK). Anabasis, Studies for Classical Eastern Orientalism.
Referencesedit
^ abc"IRAN" [v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic]. Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XIII. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
^Compact Bible atlas with gazetteer. Baker Book House. 1979. p. 7. ISBN9780801024320 – via Google Books. - Smith, William (1854). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Vol. 1. Little, Brown & Company – via Google Books. - Indo-iranica. Vol. 2. Iran Society. 1947. p. 21 – via Google Books.
^ abcNegahban, Ezat O. (1995). Marlik: The Complete Excavation Report. UPenn Museum of Archaeology. p. 321. ISBN9780924171321.
^Norris, Edwin (1853). Memoir on the Scythic Version of the Behistun Inscription. Harrison and Sons.
^ abEncyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. 13. Routledge & Kegan Paul. 2004. p. 336. ISBN9780933273955. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
^ abEadie, John (1852). Early Oriental History, Comprising the Histories of Egypt, Assyria, Persia, Lydia, Phrygia, and Phoenicia. Griffin. ISBN9780848207410.
^electricpulp.com. "IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2017-08-07.
^Richard N. Frye. "Ancient Central Asian History Notes". Proceedings of the Second European Congress of Iranian Studies. Rome: ISMEO. p. 188. town of Amul on the Amu Darya and the Amul in Mazanderan, Iran, both of which may be traced back to the migration of an Iranian tribe called Amardi or Mardi
^"GĪLĀN" [iv. History in the Early Islamic Period]. Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. X. pp. 634–635. Retrieved July 20, 2017. - Wright, John Henry (1905). A history of all nations from the earliest times. Lea Brothers.
^Eadie, John (1852). Early Oriental History, Comprising the Histories of Egypt, Assyria, Persia, Lydia, Phrygia, and Phoenicia. Griffin. p. 276. mardi.
^electricpulp.com. "IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2017-08-07.
May 02, 2024
amardi, widely, referred, sometimes, mardi, were, ancient, iranian, tribe, living, along, mountainous, region, bordering, caspian, north, whom, iron, culture, marlik, attributed, they, said, related, same, tribe, dahae, sacae, that, they, were, scythian, herod. The Amardians widely referred to as the Amardi and sometimes Mardi were an ancient Iranian 1 tribe living along the mountainous region bordering the Caspian Sea to the north 2 to whom the Iron Age culture at Marlik is attributed 3 They are said to be related to or the same tribe as the Dahae and Sacae That is to say they were Scythian 4 Herodotus mentions a tribe with a similar name as one of the ten to fifteen Persian tribes in Persis 1 5 A map that shows the area of the Amards between the Sefid Rud and Do Hezar River They lived in the valleys in between the Susis and Persis 6 in what is now southwestern Iran The southern Mardi are described by Nearchus as one of the four predatory mountain peoples of the southwest along with the Susians Uxii and Elymaeans 7 Of these four nomadic groups they were the only tribe linguistically Iranian 8 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Historical accounts 3 Gallery 4 See also 5 Further reading 6 ReferencesEtymology editThe term Mardi comes from the Old Iranian word for man 6 Old Persian 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 martiya from Proto Indo European mr tos mortal Richard N Frye believe that the name of the city of Amol is rooted in the word Amard which occurs as Amui in Middle Persian 9 According to historical literature Amol was the capital of Tapuria modern day Mazanderan at least in the period starting from the Sasanian Empire to the Ilkhanate of the Mongol Empire Historical accounts editStrabo mentions the name Mardi several times He places their location to the south of the Caspian Sea in what is now Gilan and Mazanderan in northern Iran 3 7 On his map he mentions Amardos and the Amardos river the name attributed to the region of Sefidrud at the time 3 10 Herodotus mentions a tribe with a similar name as one of the ten to fifteen Persian tribes in Persis 1 5 They lived in the valleys in between the Susis and Persis 11 in what in now southwestern Iran The southern Mardi are described by Nearchus as one of the four predatory mountain peoples of the southwest along with the Susians Uxii and Elymaeans 7 Of these four nomadic groups they were the only tribe linguistically Iranian 12 Gallery edit nbsp Map of the Median Empire 600 BC showing the relative locations of the Amardian tribe nbsp Iron Age gold cup from Marlik kept at the Metropolitan Museum of Art New York City nbsp The Hyrcanian Golden cup Dated first half of first millennium Excavated at Kelardasht Mazandaran nbsp Deer stag Marlik nbsp Golden necklace of three Swastikas from Marlik kept at the National Museum Tehran See also editPhraates I MardaitesFurther reading edit The Mardians A Note PDF Leonardo Gregoratti Durham University UK Anabasis Studies for Classical Eastern Orientalism References edit a b c IRAN v PEOPLES OF IRAN 2 Pre Islamic Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol XIII Retrieved July 20 2017 Compact Bible atlas with gazetteer Baker Book House 1979 p 7 ISBN 9780801024320 via Google Books Smith William 1854 Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Vol 1 Little Brown amp Company via Google Books Indo iranica Vol 2 Iran Society 1947 p 21 via Google Books a b c Negahban Ezat O 1995 Marlik The Complete Excavation Report UPenn Museum of Archaeology p 321 ISBN 9780924171321 Norris Edwin 1853 Memoir on the Scythic Version of the Behistun Inscription Harrison and Sons a b Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol 13 Routledge amp Kegan Paul 2004 p 336 ISBN 9780933273955 Retrieved May 21 2020 a b Eadie John 1852 Early Oriental History Comprising the Histories of Egypt Assyria Persia Lydia Phrygia and Phoenicia Griffin ISBN 9780848207410 a b c CASPIANS Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol V p 62 Retrieved July 20 2017 electricpulp com IRAN v PEOPLES OF IRAN 2 Pre Islamic Encyclopaedia Iranica www iranicaonline org Retrieved 2017 08 07 Richard N Frye Ancient Central Asian History Notes Proceedings of the Second European Congress of Iranian Studies Rome ISMEO p 188 town of Amul on the Amu Darya and the Amul in Mazanderan Iran both of which may be traced back to the migration of an Iranian tribe called Amardi or Mardi GiLAN iv History in the Early Islamic Period Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol X pp 634 635 Retrieved July 20 2017 Wright John Henry 1905 A history of all nations from the earliest times Lea Brothers Eadie John 1852 Early Oriental History Comprising the Histories of Egypt Assyria Persia Lydia Phrygia and Phoenicia Griffin p 276 mardi electricpulp com IRAN v PEOPLES OF IRAN 2 Pre Islamic Encyclopaedia Iranica www iranicaonline org Retrieved 2017 08 07 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Amardi amp oldid 1187591700, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
