Marcus Annius Verus Caesar (162 or 163 – 10 September 169) was a son of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius and Empress Faustina the Younger. Annius was made caesar on 12 October 166 AD, alongside his brother Commodus, designating them co-heirs of the Roman Empire. Annius died on 10 September 169, at age seven, due to complications from a surgery to remove a tumor from under his ear. His death left Commodus as the sole heir.
Marcus Annius Verus was born in late 162 or 163 AD,[1] the son of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina the Younger. He was given the name of Marcus Annius Verus because it was the original name of his father, Marcus Aurelius.[2]
On 12 October 166 AD, during a triumph celebrating the victory of the Romans in the Parthian War of Lucius Verus, Annius and his elder brother Commodus were both made caesars, designating them as co-heirs to the Roman Empire. At the time, Annius was three, and Commodus was five.[3][4] This was the first time such an explicit declaration of heirship had been made at such a young age,[5] and showed a marked shift from the traditional cursus honorum, in which a presumed heir would be gradually raised through offices of increasing importance, in order to learn the skills of all positions, to a new system of imperial succession, wherein dynastic hereditary descent was the path to the throne, with heirs being instructed in how to be an emperor.[6]
Annius died on 10 September 169 AD, at seven years of age, due to complications in removing a tumor from under his ear.[7][8][9] This left Commodus as the sole heir.[3] His father, Marcus Aurelius, mourned his death for just five days, while still continuing public work.[8] Aurelius argued that because the games of Jupiter Optimus Maximus were ongoing, he should not interrupt them with his mourning. His lack of mourning was likely influenced by his Stoic philosophy, which taught of the dangers of emotion, and Roman cultural norms which treated hysterical grief at the loss of loved ones as unmanly and unnatural.[10] Aurelius ordered statues to be made in his honor, and a golden image of him to be carried during the procession of the games.[10] Aurelius also had his name inserted into the Carmen Saliare, the ritual songs sung by the Salii, a group of 12 priests.[11][10]
^The epitomator of Cassius Dio (72.22) gives the story that Faustina the Elder promised to marry Avidius Cassius. This is also echoed in HA "Marcus Aurelius" 24.
DIR contributors (2000). "De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and Their Families". Retrieved 2015-04-14.
Giacosa, Giorgio (1977). Women of the Caesars: Their Lives and Portraits on Coins. Translated by R. Ross Holloway. Milan: Edizioni Arte e Moneta. ISBN0-8390-0193-2.
Lambert, Royston (1984). Beloved and God: The Story of Hadrian and Antinous. New York: Viking. ISBN0-670-15708-2.
Adams, Geoff W. (2013a). Marcus Aurelius in the Historia Augusta and Beyond. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. ISBN9780739176382.
Adams, Geoff W. (2013b). The Emperor Commodus: Gladiator, Hercules or a Tyrant?. Boca Raton: Universal-Publishers. ISBN9781612337227.
Birley, Anthony (1993). Marcus Aurelius, a Biography. London: Routledge. OCLC 957321189.
Klonnek, Martin (2014). Chronologie des Römischen Reiches 2: 2. Jh. - Jahr 100 bis 199 [Chronology of the Roman Empire 2: 2nd century - year 100 to 199] (in German). Online: Berlin epubli GmbH. ISBN9783737507028.
McLynn, Frank (2009). Marcus Aurelius: a Life. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN9780786745807.
Stephens, William O. (2012). Marcus Aurelius: a Guide for the Perplexed. New York: Continuum International Publications Group. ISBN9781441108104.
Websitesedit
. www.livius.org. Archived from the original on 25 November 2005. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
Further readingedit
Vagi, David L. (2000). Coinage and History of the Roman Empire, c. 82 B.C.- A.D. 480. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN9781579583163.
April 26, 2024
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Marcus Annius Verus Caesar 162 or 163 10 September 169 was a son of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius and Empress Faustina the Younger Annius was made caesar on 12 October 166 AD alongside his brother Commodus designating them co heirs of the Roman Empire Annius died on 10 September 169 at age seven due to complications from a surgery to remove a tumor from under his ear His death left Commodus as the sole heir Annius VerusCaesar of the Roman EmpirePossible bust of Annius Verus at the Louvre Caesar12 October 166 10 September 169Born162 163Died10 September 169 aged 7 NamesMarcus Annius VerusRegnal nameMarcus Annius Verus CaesarDynastyNerva AntonineFatherMarcus AureliusMotherFaustina the Younger Contents 1 Life 2 Family 3 Nerva Antonine family tree 4 References 4 1 Bibliography 4 2 Websites 5 Further readingLife edit nbsp Bust of Marcus Aurelius Annius father Marcus Annius Verus was born in late 162 or 163 AD 1 the son of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina the Younger He was given the name of Marcus Annius Verus because it was the original name of his father Marcus Aurelius 2 On 12 October 166 AD during a triumph celebrating the victory of the Romans in the Parthian War of Lucius Verus Annius and his elder brother Commodus were both made caesars designating them as co heirs to the Roman Empire At the time Annius was three and Commodus was five 3 4 This was the first time such an explicit declaration of heirship had been made at such a young age 5 and showed a marked shift from the traditional cursus honorum in which a presumed heir would be gradually raised through offices of increasing importance in order to learn the skills of all positions to a new system of imperial succession wherein dynastic hereditary descent was the path to the throne with heirs being instructed in how to be an emperor 6 Annius died on 10 September 169 AD at seven years of age due to complications in removing a tumor from under his ear 7 8 9 This left Commodus as the sole heir 3 His father Marcus Aurelius mourned his death for just five days while still continuing public work 8 Aurelius argued that because the games of Jupiter Optimus Maximus were ongoing he should not interrupt them with his mourning His lack of mourning was likely influenced by his Stoic philosophy which taught of the dangers of emotion and Roman cultural norms which treated hysterical grief at the loss of loved ones as unmanly and unnatural 10 Aurelius ordered statues to be made in his honor and a golden image of him to be carried during the procession of the games 10 Aurelius also had his name inserted into the Carmen Saliare the ritual songs sung by the Salii a group of 12 priests 11 10 Family editAnnius Verus was the son of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina the Younger Annius was the younger brother of in order of birth Domitia Faustina Titus Aurelius Antoninus Titus Aelius Aurelius Annia Aurelia Galeria Lucilla Annia Galeria Aurelia Faustina Titus Aelius Antoninus an unnamed son Annia Aurelia Fadilla Annia Cornificia Faustina Minor Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Commodus Annius was the older brother of Hadrianus and Vibia Aurelia Sabina 12 13 Nerva Antonine family tree editvteNerva Antonine family tree Q Marcius Barea SoranusQ Marcius Barea SuraAntonia FurnillaM Cocceius NervaSergia PlautillaP Aelius Hadrianus Titus r 79 81 Marcia FurnillaMarciaTrajanus PaterNerva r 96 98 Ulpia i Aelius Hadrianus Marullinus Flavia ii Marciana iii C Salonius Matidius iv Trajan r 98 117 PlotinaP Acilius AttianusP Aelius Afer v Paulina Major vi Lucius Mindius 2 Libo Rupilius Frugi 3 Salonia Matidia vii L Vibius Sabinus 1 viii Paulina Minor vi L Julius Ursus Servianus ix Matidia Minor vii Sabina iii Hadrian v x vi r 117 138 Antinous xi C Fuscus Salinator IJulia Serviana Paulina M Annius Verus xii Rupilia Faustina xiii xiv Boionia ProcillaCn Arrius Antoninus L Ceionius CommodusAppia SeveraC Fuscus Salinator II L Caesennius PaetusArria AntoninaArria Fadilla xv T Aurelius Fulvus L Caesennius AntoninusL CommodusPlautiaunknown xvi C Avidius Nigrinus M Annius Verus xiii Calvisia Domitia Lucilla xvii Fundania xviii M Annius Libo xiii Faustina xv Antoninus Pius r 138 161 xv L Aelius Caesar xvi Avidia xvi Cornificia xiii Marcus Aurelius r 161 180 xix Faustina Minor xix C Avidius Cassius xx Aurelia Fadilla xv Lucius Verus r 161 169 xvi 1 Ceionia Fabia xvi Plautius Quintillus xxi Q Servilius PudensCeionia Plautia xvi Cornificia Minor xxii M Petronius SuraCommodus r 177 192 xix Fadilla xxii M Annius Verus Caesar xix Ti Claudius Pompeianus 2 Lucilla xix M Plautius Quintillus xvi Junius Licinius BalbusServilia Ceionia Petronius AntoninusL Aurelius Agaclytus 2 Aurelia Sabina xxii L Antistius Burrus 1 Plautius QuintillusPlautia ServillaC Furius Sabinus TimesitheusAntonia GordianaJunius Licinius Balbus Furia Sabina TranquillinaGordian III r 238 244 1 1st spouse 2 2nd spouse 3 3rd spouse Reddish purple indicates emperor of the Nerva Antonine dynasty lighter purple indicates designated imperial heir of said dynasty who never reigned grey indicates unsuccessful imperial aspirants bluish purple indicates emperors of other dynasties dashed lines indicate adoption dotted lines indicate love affairs unmarried relationships Small Caps posthumously deified Augusti Augustae or other Notes Except where otherwise noted the notes below indicate that an individual s parentage is as shown in the above family tree Sister of Trajan s father Giacosa 1977 p 7 Giacosa 1977 p 8 a b Levick 2014 p 161 Husband of Ulpia Marciana Levick 2014 p 161 a b Giacosa 1977 p 7 a b c DIR contributor Herbert W Benario 2000 Hadrian a b Giacosa 1977 p 9 Husband of Salonia Matidia Levick 2014 p 161 Smith 1870 Julius Servianus Smith 1870 Hadrian pp 319 322 Lover of Hadrian Lambert 1984 p 99 and passim deification Lamber 1984 pp 2 5 etc Husband of Rupilia Faustina Levick 2014 p 163 a b c d Levick 2014 p 163 It is uncertain whether Rupilia Faustina was Frugi s daughter by Salonia Matidia or another woman a b c d Levick 2014 p 162 a b c d e f g Levick 2014 p 164 Wife of M Annius Verus Giacosa 1977 p 10 Wife of M Annius Libo Levick 2014 p 163 a b c d e Giacosa 1977 p 10 The epitomator of Cassius Dio 72 22 gives the story that Faustina the Elder promised to marry Avidius Cassius This is also echoed in HA Marcus Aurelius 24 Husband of Ceionia Fabia Levick 2014 p 164 a b c Levick 2014 p 117 References DIR contributors 2000 De Imperatoribus Romanis An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and Their Families Retrieved 2015 04 14 Giacosa Giorgio 1977 Women of the Caesars Their Lives and Portraits on Coins Translated by R Ross Holloway Milan Edizioni Arte e Moneta ISBN 0 8390 0193 2 Lambert Royston 1984 Beloved and God The Story of Hadrian and Antinous New York Viking ISBN 0 670 15708 2 Levick Barbara 2014 Faustina I and II Imperial Women of the Golden Age Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 537941 9 Smith William ed 1870 Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology References edit Adams 2013a p 99 Stephens 2012 p 22 a b Adams 2013b p 82 Adams 2013a p 94 Adams 2013b p 95 Adams 2013b p 99 Adams 2013a p 104 a b Stephens 2012 p 31 Klonnek 2014 p 169 a b c McLynn 2009 p 116 Adams 2013a p 105 Livius Birley 1993 p Table F Bibliography edit Adams Geoff W 2013a Marcus Aurelius in the Historia Augusta and Beyond Lanham Md Lexington Books ISBN 9780739176382 Adams Geoff W 2013b The Emperor Commodus Gladiator Hercules or a Tyrant Boca Raton Universal Publishers ISBN 9781612337227 Birley Anthony 1993 Marcus Aurelius a Biography London Routledge OCLC 957321189 Klonnek Martin 2014 Chronologie des Romischen Reiches 2 2 Jh Jahr 100 bis 199 Chronology of the Roman Empire 2 2nd century year 100 to 199 in German Online Berlin epubli GmbH ISBN 9783737507028 McLynn Frank 2009 Marcus Aurelius a Life New York Da Capo Press ISBN 9780786745807 Stephens William O 2012 Marcus Aurelius a Guide for the Perplexed New York Continuum International Publications Group ISBN 9781441108104 Websites edit Marcus Aurelius Livius www livius org Archived from the original on 25 November 2005 Retrieved 2 January 2018 Further reading editVagi David L 2000 Coinage and History of the Roman Empire c 82 B C A D 480 Chicago Fitzroy Dearborn ISBN 9781579583163 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marcus Annius Verus Caesar amp oldid 1198629465, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
