Manuel de Guirior (in full, Manuel de Guirior y Portal de Huarte y Edozain, marqués de Guirior) (1708 – November 25, 1788) was a Spanish naval officer and colonial administrator. He was viceroy of New Granada from 1772 to 1776 and of Peru from July 17, 1776 to July 21, 1780.
Guirior was born into a noble family of Navarre. He entered the navy in 1733 as a lieutenant. He fought in the Seven Years' War against the English, and also against the Berbers in the Mediterranean. He was a knight of the Order of St. John.
Guirior was married to Maria Ventura de Guirior, to whom he presented a noted emerald and diamond parure. [1] On his death in 1788, his titles passed to his great-nephew Don José Maria de Guirior and Larrea.
In 1772 he was named viceroy of New Granada. As viceroy, he tried to reform the religious communities, revitalize the missions, and insure more humanitarian treatment of the Indigenous. He worked to improve the economy and stimulate industry. He divided the city of Bogotá into barrios (boroughs).
He also improved the defenses of the colony, especially on the coast. He founded the Real Universidad de Santafé, as well as a hospital and a hospice. On July 20, 1773 he founded the first public library in the colony, in Bogotá. The original collection of the library consisted of books expropriated from the Jesuit community, which had been expelled from all dominions of the Spanish Empire by order of King Charles III of Spain in 1767. The new library opened on January 9, 1777. It is now the Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia (National Library of Colombia).
In 1774 Guirior was promoted to lieutenant general.
As viceroy of Peru
He was named viceroy of Peru in 1775, and in 1776 he arrived in Lima and took up the position. He assisted the scientific expedition of Hipólito Ruiz López, José Antonio Pavón and Joseph Dombey, sent to study the flora of the viceroyalty. Their findings were later published as La flora peruana y chilena (The Flora of Peru and Chile). Again a major concern was stimulating the economy, which he did by adopting liberal measures in agriculture, mining, commerce and industry.
He gained a reputation as a man of intelligence and compassion, and a tireless worker. He created two new chairs at the university, improved the medical care at ten hospitals in Lima and established a foundling home.
In June 1777 José Antonio de Areche arrived in Lima as visitador (inspector) from the Crown. He increased the sales tax from 4% to 6%, and Viceroy Guirior imposed a 12½% tax on liquor. Disagreements with Visitador Areche led to Guirior's removal from office in July 1780. He was subjected to a juicio de residencia (trial of grievances) and his pension was halved. However, he was acquitted posthumously. (He died on November 25, 1788.) He was replaced as viceroy by the governor of Chile, Agustín de Jáuregui.
At the time of Guirior's removal from office, the Indigenous of Peru were on the verge of revolt. The revolt, led by Túpac Amaru II, broke out on November 4, 1780.
External links
(in Spanish) ( 2009-11-01)
Dates of his administration in Peru
(in Spanish) Dispute with Areche
(in Spanish)
References
^"Formerly in the collection of Manuel de Guirior y Portal de Huarte y Edozain, First Marquis de Guirior MAGNIFICENT EMERALD AND DIAMOND PARURE, CIRCA 1770". Sothebys.
manuel, guirior, full, portal, huarte, edozain, marqués, guirior, 1708, november, 1788, spanish, naval, officer, colonial, administrator, viceroy, granada, from, 1772, 1776, peru, from, july, 1776, july, 1780, marquess, guirior32nd, viceroy, peruin, office, ju. Manuel de Guirior in full Manuel de Guirior y Portal de Huarte y Edozain marques de Guirior 1708 November 25 1788 1 was a Spanish naval officer and colonial administrator He was viceroy of New Granada from 1772 to 1776 and of Peru from July 17 1776 to July 21 1780 Manuel de GuiriorMarquess of Guirior32nd Viceroy of PeruIn office July 17 1776 July 21 1780MonarchCharles IIIPreceded byManuel de Amat y JunietSucceeded byAgustin de JaureguiPersonal detailsBorn1708AoizDiedNovember 25 1788MadridGuirior was born into a noble family of Navarre He entered the navy in 1733 as a lieutenant He fought in the Seven Years War against the English and also against the Berbers in the Mediterranean He was a knight of the Order of St John Guirior was married to Maria Ventura de Guirior to whom he presented a noted emerald and diamond parure 1 On his death in 1788 his titles passed to his great nephew Don Jose Maria de Guirior and Larrea Contents 1 As viceroy of New Granada 2 As viceroy of Peru 3 External links 4 ReferencesAs viceroy of New Granada EditIn 1772 he was named viceroy of New Granada As viceroy he tried to reform the religious communities revitalize the missions and insure more humanitarian treatment of the Indigenous He worked to improve the economy and stimulate industry He divided the city of Bogota into barrios boroughs He also improved the defenses of the colony especially on the coast He founded the Real Universidad de Santafe as well as a hospital and a hospice On July 20 1773 he founded the first public library in the colony in Bogota The original collection of the library consisted of books expropriated from the Jesuit community which had been expelled from all dominions of the Spanish Empire by order of King Charles III of Spain in 1767 The new library opened on January 9 1777 It is now the Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia National Library of Colombia In 1774 Guirior was promoted to lieutenant general As viceroy of Peru EditHe was named viceroy of Peru in 1775 and in 1776 he arrived in Lima and took up the position He assisted the scientific expedition of Hipolito Ruiz Lopez Jose Antonio Pavon and Joseph Dombey sent to study the flora of the viceroyalty Their findings were later published as La flora peruana y chilena The Flora of Peru and Chile Again a major concern was stimulating the economy which he did by adopting liberal measures in agriculture mining commerce and industry He gained a reputation as a man of intelligence and compassion and a tireless worker He created two new chairs at the university improved the medical care at ten hospitals in Lima and established a foundling home In June 1777 Jose Antonio de Areche arrived in Lima as visitador inspector from the Crown He increased the sales tax from 4 to 6 and Viceroy Guirior imposed a 12 tax on liquor Disagreements with Visitador Areche led to Guirior s removal from office in July 1780 He was subjected to a juicio de residencia trial of grievances and his pension was halved However he was acquitted posthumously He died on November 25 1788 He was replaced as viceroy by the governor of Chile Agustin de Jauregui At the time of Guirior s removal from office the Indigenous of Peru were on the verge of revolt The revolt led by Tupac Amaru II broke out on November 4 1780 External links Edit in Spanish Encarta Archived 2009 11 01 Dates of his administration in Peru in Spanish Dispute with Areche in Spanish Biblioteca Nacional de ColombiaReferences Edit Formerly in the collection of Manuel de Guirior y Portal de Huarte y Edozain First Marquis de Guirior MAGNIFICENT EMERALD AND DIAMOND PARURE CIRCA 1770 Sothebys Government officesPreceded byPedro Messia de la Cerda Viceroy of New Granada1773 1776 Succeeded byManuel Antonio FloresPreceded byManuel de Amat y Juniet Viceroy of Peru1776 1780 Succeeded byAgustin de Jauregui Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Manuel de Guirior amp oldid 1094197447, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
