fbpx
Wikipedia

Mantan Moreland

May 12, 2023

Mantan Moreland (September 3, 1902 – September 28, 1973) was an American actor and comedian most popular in the 1930s and 1940s.[1] He starred in numerous films. His daughter Marcella Moreland appeared as a child actress in several films.

Mantan Moreland
Moreland in Let's Go Collegiate (1941)
Born(1902-09-03)September 3, 1902
Monroe, Louisiana, U.S.
DiedSeptember 28, 1973(1973-09-28) (aged 71)
Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Resting placeValhalla Memorial Park Cemetery
Other namesMan Tan Moreland
Manton Moreland
Occupations
  • Actor
  • comedian
Years active1933–1973
SpouseHazel Moreland
Children1

Early years

He was born in Monroe, Louisiana, to Frank, an old-time Dixieland bandleader, and Marcella.[2] Moreland began acting by the time he was an adolescent; some sources say he ran away to join a minstrel show in 1910, at age eight,[2] but his daughter told Moreland's biographer she doubts this date is correct.[3] She and other sources agree it is more likely he left home when he was fourteen.[4]

Career

After "nearly ten years of working the small, small time", Moreland gained an opportunity in 1927 when he was hired as a comedian in Connie's Inn Frolics in Harlem.[5] He next worked in the musical revue Blackbirds of 1928, which ran for 518 performances.[5] By the late 1920s, Moreland had made his way through vaudeville, working with various shows and revues, performing on Broadway and touring Europe.

Following the death of Aubrey Lyles, the half of African American vaudeville act Miller and Lyles, in 1932, Flournoy Miller asked Moreland to team up with him for personal appearances.[6] With Moreland, Miller performed comedy routines he had done with Lyles. The pair performed together in the one-reel short film That's the Spirit (1933) as a pair of night watchmen and for stage productions by Miller, Dixie Goes High Hat (1938) and Hollywood Revue (1939). Moreland appeared in low-budget "race movies" aimed at African American audiences, including One Dark Night (1939) with Bette Treadville, Lucky Ghost (1941), Mr. Washington Goes to Town (1941) and Mantan Runs for Mayor (1946), again with Miller.[5]

As his comedic talents became recognized, Moreland appeared in larger productions. At the height of his career, Moreland received steady work from major film studios, as well as from independent producers who starred Moreland in low-budget, all-African American-cast comedies. Monogram Pictures signed Moreland to appear opposite Frankie Darro in the studio's popular action pictures. Moreland, with his bulging eyes and cackling laugh, quickly became a favorite supporting player in Hollywood movies. In 1940's Drums of the Desert, Moreland played a more serious role as the sergeant in charge of a squad of Senegalese Tirailleurs in French colonial Algeria alongside Ralph Byrd, known for appearing in Republic Pictures' Dick Tracy serials. He is perhaps best known for his role as chauffeur Birmingham Brown in Monogram's Charlie Chan series.[5]

During the 1940s, he teamed up with Ben Carter as his straight man, touring America in vaudeville and making personal appearances in the nation's movie theaters. Moreland and Carter performed comedy routines the former learned when he became Flournoy Miller's understudy in the 1930s,[7][5] including the famous "indefinite talk" routine, in which they would speak to one another, start a sentence only to be interrupted by the other, yet they understand each other perfectly.[8] Moreland and Carter had developed an excellent rapport and impeccable timing. During World War II, they performed at the then segregated USOs such as one in Riverside, California.[9] Their version of "indefinite talk" can be seen in two Charlie Chan pictures, The Scarlet Clue[note 1] and Dark Alibi, as well as in the big-budget Universal musical Bowery to Broadway.[note 2][10] The partnership lasted until Carter died in 1946.[11] Moreland and Nipsey Russell performed this routine in two all-black variety films in 1955.

During the second half of the 1940s, the public attitudes toward the portrayals of African Americans in the cinema had changed. When filmmakers began to reassess roles given to black actors, Moreland's characterization in his film appearances was considered demeaning to the African-American community, resulting in his being offered fewer roles in the 1950s.[12][13] Financial difficulties forced Moreland to tour making personal appearances during the late 1940s and the early 1950s with Bud Harris, Tim Moore, Redd Foxx and Nipsey Russell as his straight men.[5][14]

Mantan's biographer, Michael Price, states Moreland was briefly considered as a possible addition to the Three Stooges. After Shemp Howard died of a sudden heart attack on November 22, 1955, at age 60, Moe Howard was said had been observing Moreland's act for years and offered Moreland a chance to join the act as the new "third stooge" at the behest of his late brother Shemp. Moreland was reported to be enthusiastic about the offer, but Columbia Pictures insisted on a comedian already under contract.[3] Joe Besser, one of a few comedians still making comedy shorts at the studio, was eventually recruited to join the act in 1956.[15]

Later career and death

Moreland's last featured role was in the darkly humorous horror film Spider Baby (1968, filmed in 1964), which was patterned after Universal's thrillers of the 1940s. After suffering a stroke in the early 1960s, Moreland took on a few minor comedic roles, working with Bill Cosby, Moms Mabley and Carl Reiner. He later partnered with Roosevelt Livingood to form the comedic team of Mantan and Livingood, which produced a number of recorded albums.

Moreland died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1973 in Hollywood, and is interred at Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery in North Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.[1][16]

Recognition

In 2004, Moreland was inducted into the National Multicultural Western Heritage Museum Hall of Fame.[17]

Selected filmography

Television

Recordings

  • That Ain't My Finger (Laff)
  • Elsie's Sportin' House (Laff)
  • Tribute to the Man (Laff)

Cultural references

Robert B. Parker makes allusions to Moreland in A Catskill Eagle and Hush Money, both being part of his long-running series of Spenser novels.[19][non-primary source needed]

Bamboozled, a 2000 film directed by Spike Lee, centers around a fictional television show called Mantan: The New Millennium Minstrel Show featuring stereotypes of minstrel theater and starring a tap dancing character, played by Savion Glover, named Mantan.

"B-Boys Makin with the Freak Freak", a song by Beastie Boys featured on their 1994 album Ill Communication, samples a line from Mantan's comedy album That Ain't My Finger, referencing a bit about a party and mashed potatoes.

Further reading

  • Michael H. Price - Mantan the Funnyman (2007), a biography of Moreland

Footnotes

Notes

  1. ^ For an example of the "indefinite talk" routine, see The Scarlet Clue at 39 minutes 25 seconds.
  2. ^ For an example of the "indefinite talk" routine, see Dark Alibi at 19 minutes 25 seconds,.

References

  1. ^ a b "Moreland, Actor Is Dead At 72. Played in Chan Films and in Black 'Codot'". The New York Times. September 29, 1973. Retrieved October 30, 2014. Mantan Moreland, the comedian who played the chauffeur Birmingham Brown in the Charlie Chan movies, died today at the age of 72.
  2. ^ a b "Charlie Chan's Right-Hand Man - The Eyes Have It". Washington Afro-American. Washington, D.C. February 26, 1957. p. 5, Afro Magazine Section. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
  3. ^ a b Price, Michael (2007). Mantan the Funnyman: The Life and Times of Mantan Moreland. Midnight Marquee Press. pp. 63, 207–208. ISBN 978-1-88766-470-7.
  4. ^ "M. Moreland, Charlie Chan Butler, Died". Pomona Progress-Bulletin. Pomona, California. September 29, 1973. p. A-2.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Cullen, Frank; Hackman, Florence; McNeilly, Donald (2007). Vaudeville old & new: an encyclopedia of variety performances in America. Psychology Press. pp. 756–757, 792–794. ISBN 9780415938532. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  6. ^ Slide, Anthony (1994). The Encyclopedia of Vaudeville. Greenwood Press. p. 345. ISBN 978-1-61703-249-3.
  7. ^ "New York Show Whirl". The Afro-American. Baltimore. March 17, 1945. p. 8, Theatre Section.
  8. ^ Hill, Constance Valis (2010). Tap Dancing America: A Cultural History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-19022-538-4.
  9. ^ Lech, Steve (October 2022). "Riverside's Negro USO Club". Riverside During World War II. Riverside, CA: Riverside Historical Society. pp. 144–147 [144]. ISBN 979-8849200880.
  10. ^ Dave Kehr (June 13, 2010). "Golly, Pop, You Always Get 'Em, Even on a Poverty Row Budget". The New York Times. p. AR12.
  11. ^ "Hundreds of Hollywood's Celebs Pay Final Tribute to Ben Carter". The Afro-American. Baltimore. December 28, 1946. p. 7.
  12. ^ Cripps, Thomas R. (1967). "The Death of Rastus: Negroes in American Films since 1945". Phylon. 28 (3): 267–275. doi:10.2307/273665. JSTOR 273665.
  13. ^ Thompson, Jennifer. "From Blackface to Blaxploitation: Representations Of African Americans In Film". Duke University Library. Duke University. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
  14. ^ Boyd, Herb (2010). Autobiography of a People: Three Centuries of African American History Told by Those Who Lived It. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 351. ISBN 978-0-38549-279-9.
  15. ^ Maurer, Joan Howard; Jeff Lenburg; Greg Lenburg (2012) [1982]. The Three Stooges Scrapbook. Citadel Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-61374-074-3.
  16. ^ Cullen, Frank; Hackman, Florence; McNeilly, Donald (2007). Vaudeville, Old & New: An Encyclopedia of Variety Performers in America. Routledge. pp. 794. ISBN 978-0-415-93853-2.
  17. ^ . National Multicultural Western Heritage Museum. Archived from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  18. ^ Webb, Graham (July 10, 2020). Encyclopedia of American Short Films, 1926-1959. ISBN 9781476639260.
  19. ^ Parker, Robert B. Hush Money, page 12, New York: Putnam

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mantan Moreland.

May 12, 2023
mantan, moreland, september, 1902, september, 1973, american, actor, comedian, most, popular, 1930s, 1940s, starred, numerous, films, daughter, marcella, moreland, appeared, child, actress, several, films, moreland, collegiate, 1941, born, 1902, september, 190. Mantan Moreland September 3 1902 September 28 1973 was an American actor and comedian most popular in the 1930s and 1940s 1 He starred in numerous films His daughter Marcella Moreland appeared as a child actress in several films Mantan MorelandMoreland in Let s Go Collegiate 1941 Born 1902 09 03 September 3 1902Monroe Louisiana U S DiedSeptember 28 1973 1973 09 28 aged 71 Hollywood Los Angeles California U S Resting placeValhalla Memorial Park CemeteryOther namesMan Tan MorelandManton MorelandOccupationsActorcomedianYears active1933 1973SpouseHazel MorelandChildren1 Contents 1 Early years 2 Career 3 Later career and death 4 Recognition 5 Selected filmography 6 Recordings 7 Cultural references 8 Further reading 9 Footnotes 9 1 Notes 9 2 References 10 External linksEarly years EditHe was born in Monroe Louisiana to Frank an old time Dixieland bandleader and Marcella 2 Moreland began acting by the time he was an adolescent some sources say he ran away to join a minstrel show in 1910 at age eight 2 but his daughter told Moreland s biographer she doubts this date is correct 3 She and other sources agree it is more likely he left home when he was fourteen 4 Career EditAfter nearly ten years of working the small small time Moreland gained an opportunity in 1927 when he was hired as a comedian in Connie s Inn Frolics in Harlem 5 He next worked in the musical revue Blackbirds of 1928 which ran for 518 performances 5 By the late 1920s Moreland had made his way through vaudeville working with various shows and revues performing on Broadway and touring Europe Following the death of Aubrey Lyles the half of African American vaudeville act Miller and Lyles in 1932 Flournoy Miller asked Moreland to team up with him for personal appearances 6 With Moreland Miller performed comedy routines he had done with Lyles The pair performed together in the one reel short film That s the Spirit 1933 as a pair of night watchmen and for stage productions by Miller Dixie Goes High Hat 1938 and Hollywood Revue 1939 Moreland appeared in low budget race movies aimed at African American audiences including One Dark Night 1939 with Bette Treadville Lucky Ghost 1941 Mr Washington Goes to Town 1941 and Mantan Runs for Mayor 1946 again with Miller 5 As his comedic talents became recognized Moreland appeared in larger productions At the height of his career Moreland received steady work from major film studios as well as from independent producers who starred Moreland in low budget all African American cast comedies Monogram Pictures signed Moreland to appear opposite Frankie Darro in the studio s popular action pictures Moreland with his bulging eyes and cackling laugh quickly became a favorite supporting player in Hollywood movies In 1940 s Drums of the Desert Moreland played a more serious role as the sergeant in charge of a squad of Senegalese Tirailleurs in French colonial Algeria alongside Ralph Byrd known for appearing in Republic Pictures Dick Tracy serials He is perhaps best known for his role as chauffeur Birmingham Brown in Monogram s Charlie Chan series 5 During the 1940s he teamed up with Ben Carter as his straight man touring America in vaudeville and making personal appearances in the nation s movie theaters Moreland and Carter performed comedy routines the former learned when he became Flournoy Miller s understudy in the 1930s 7 5 including the famous indefinite talk routine in which they would speak to one another start a sentence only to be interrupted by the other yet they understand each other perfectly 8 Moreland and Carter had developed an excellent rapport and impeccable timing During World War II they performed at the then segregated USOs such as one in Riverside California 9 Their version of indefinite talk can be seen in two Charlie Chan pictures The Scarlet Clue note 1 and Dark Alibi as well as in the big budget Universal musical Bowery to Broadway note 2 10 The partnership lasted until Carter died in 1946 11 Moreland and Nipsey Russell performed this routine in two all black variety films in 1955 During the second half of the 1940s the public attitudes toward the portrayals of African Americans in the cinema had changed When filmmakers began to reassess roles given to black actors Moreland s characterization in his film appearances was considered demeaning to the African American community resulting in his being offered fewer roles in the 1950s 12 13 Financial difficulties forced Moreland to tour making personal appearances during the late 1940s and the early 1950s with Bud Harris Tim Moore Redd Foxx and Nipsey Russell as his straight men 5 14 Mantan s biographer Michael Price states Moreland was briefly considered as a possible addition to the Three Stooges After Shemp Howard died of a sudden heart attack on November 22 1955 at age 60 Moe Howard was said had been observing Moreland s act for years and offered Moreland a chance to join the act as the new third stooge at the behest of his late brother Shemp Moreland was reported to be enthusiastic about the offer but Columbia Pictures insisted on a comedian already under contract 3 Joe Besser one of a few comedians still making comedy shorts at the studio was eventually recruited to join the act in 1956 15 Later career and death EditMoreland s last featured role was in the darkly humorous horror film Spider Baby 1968 filmed in 1964 which was patterned after Universal s thrillers of the 1940s After suffering a stroke in the early 1960s Moreland took on a few minor comedic roles working with Bill Cosby Moms Mabley and Carl Reiner He later partnered with Roosevelt Livingood to form the comedic team of Mantan and Livingood which produced a number of recorded albums Moreland died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1973 in Hollywood and is interred at Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery in North Hollywood Los Angeles California 1 16 Recognition EditIn 2004 Moreland was inducted into the National Multicultural Western Heritage Museum Hall of Fame 17 Selected filmography EditThat s the Spirit 1933 as Night Watchman The Green Pastures 1936 as Angel Removing Hat uncredited Harlem on the Prairie 1937 as Mistletoe Spirit of Youth 1938 as Creighton Crickie Fitzgibbons Two Gun Man from Harlem 1938 as Bill Blake Frontier Scout 1938 as Norris Family Butler Next Time I Marry 1938 as Tilby Gang Smashers 1938 as Gloomy There s Always a Woman 1939 as Porter uncredited Tell No Tales 1939 as Sport Black at the Wake uncredited Riders of the Frontier 1939 as Chappie Cookie in credits Irish Luck 1939 as Jefferson One Dark Night 1939 as Samson Brown The Man Who Wouldn t Talk 1940 as Robbins uncredited City of Chance 1940 as Anxious Man uncredited Chasing Trouble 1940 as Thomas H Jefferson Millionaire Playboy 1940 as Bellhop Viva Cisco Kid 1940 as Memphis The Cook uncredited Star Dust 1940 as George Dining Car Steward uncredited Girl in 313 1940 as Porter On the Spot 1940 as Jefferson White Maryland 1940 uncredited Pier 13 1940 as Sam Elevator Operator uncredited Laughing at Danger 1940 as Jefferson Up in the Air 1940 as Jeff While Thousands Cheer 1940 as Nash Drums of the Desert 1940 as Sergeant Blue Williams Four Shall Die 1940 as Beefus Touissant s Chauffeur Lady from Louisiana 1941 as Servant uncredited You re Out of Luck 1941 as Jeff Jefferson Sleepers West 1941 as Porter uncredited Footlight Fever 1941 as Willie Hamsure Elevator Operator uncredited Ellery Queen s Penthouse Mystery 1941 as Roy Sign of the Wolf 1941 as Ben Mr Washington Goes to Town 1941 as Schenectady Jones King of the Zombies 1941 as Jeff Hello Sucker 1941 as Elevator Boy Bachelor Daddy 1941 as Club Janitor uncredited The Gang s All Here 1941 as Jefferson Jeff Smith Cracked Nuts 1941 as Burgess Accent on Love 1941 as Prisoner in Courtroom uncredited Dressed to Kill 1941 as Rusty World Premiere 1941 as Train Porter uncredited Let s Go Collegiate 1941 as Jeff It Started with Eve 1941 as Railway Porter uncredited Birth of the Blues 1941 as Black Trumpet Player uncredited Marry the Boss s Daughter 1941 as Cook uncredited Up Jumped the Devil 1941 as Washington Freckles Comes Home 1942 as Jeff the Hotel Porter Treat Em Rough 1942 as Snake Eyes Four Jacks and a Jill 1942 as Cicero Wash Room Attendant uncredited Law of the Jungle 1942 as Jefferson Jeff Jones Lucky Ghost 1942 as Washington Professor Creeps 1942 as Washington The Strange Case of Doctor Rx 1942 as Horatio B Fitz Washington Tarzan s New York Adventure 1942 as Sam the Nightclub Janitor uncredited Mexican Spitfire Sees a Ghost 1942 as Lightnin Footlight Serenade 1942 as Amos Tommy s Dresser A Haunting We Will Go 1942 as Porter uncredited Phantom Killer 1942 as Nicodemus Girl Trouble 1942 as Edward Eyes in the Night 1942 as Alistair The Palm Beach Story 1942 as Diner Waiter uncredited Andy Hardy s Double Life 1942 as Prentiss the Benedict Butler uncredited It Comes Up Love 1943 as Janitor uncredited The Crime Smasher 1943 as Eustace Smith Cabin in the Sky 1943 as First Idea Man Slightly Dangerous 1943 as Waiter at Swade s uncredited He Hired the Boss 1943 as Shoeshine Man uncredited Sarong Girl 1943 as Maxwell Hit the Ice 1943 as Porter with Snowshoes uncredited We ve Never Been Licked 1943 as Willie Melody Parade 1943 as Skidmore Revenge of the Zombies 1943 as Jeff Hi ya Sailor 1943 as Sam You re a Lucky Fellow Mr Smith 1943 as Porter My Kingdom for a Cook 1943 as Train Porter uncredited Swing Fever 1943 as Woody Nick s Valet uncredited She s for Me 1943 as Sam Chip Off the Old Block 1944 as Porter Charlie Chan in the Secret Service 1944 as Birmingham Brown See Here Private Hargrove 1944 as Porter on Train uncredited Moon Over Las Vegas 1944 as Porter Pin Up Girl 1944 as Red Cap 2 uncredited This Is the Life 1944 as Porter uncredited The Chinese Cat 1944 as Birmingham Brown South of Dixie 1944 as The Porter Black Magic 1944 as Birmingham Brown Mystery of the River Boat 1944 serial as Napoleon the ship steerer Bowery to Broadway 1944 as Alabam The Jade Mask 1945 as Birmingham Brown The Scarlet Clue 1945 as Birmingham Brown The Shanghai Cobra 1945 as Birmingham Brown Captain Tugboat Annie 1945 as Pinto She Wouldn t Say Yes 1945 as porter uncredited The Spider 1945 as Henry Mantan Messes Up 1946 as Mantan Riverboat Rhythm 1946 as Mantan Dark Alibi 1946 as Birmingham Brown Shadows Over Chinatown 1946 as Birmingham Brown The Trap 1946 as Birmingham Brown Tall Tan and Terrific 1946 as Mantan Moreland Mantan Runs for Mayor 1946 The Chinese Ring 1947 as Birmingham Brown Ebony Parade 1947 as Mantan What a Guy 1947 The Dreamer 1947 18 Docks of New Orleans 1948 as Birmingham Brown Best Man Wins 1948 as Ice Cream Vendor uncredited Shanghai Chest 1948 as Birmingham Brown The Golden Eye 1948 as Birmingham Brown The Feathered Serpent 1948 as Birmingham Brown The Return of Mandy s Husband 1948 She s Too Mean for Me 1948 Come on Cowboy 1948 Sky Dragon 1949 as Birmingham Brown Rock n Roll Revue 1955 as Himself Basin Street Revue 1956 as Himself The Patsy 1964 as Barbershop Porter uncredited Spider Baby filmed in 1964 released in 1968 as Messenger Alvarez Kelly 1966 as Bartender uncredited Enter Laughing 1967 as Subway Rider The Comic 1969 as Passerby at Billy s Funeral uncredited Watermelon Man 1970 as counterman The Biscuit Eater 1972 as Waiter The Young Nurses 1973 as Old man final film role Television1957 Hallmark Hall of Fame 1 episode 1969 Julia 1 episode 1969 Love American Style 1 episode 1970 The Bill Cosby Show 1 episode 1970 Adam 12 1 episode Recordings EditThat Ain t My Finger Laff Elsie s Sportin House Laff Tribute to the Man Laff Cultural references EditRobert B Parker makes allusions to Moreland in A Catskill Eagle and Hush Money both being part of his long running series of Spenser novels 19 non primary source needed Bamboozled a 2000 film directed by Spike Lee centers around a fictional television show called Mantan The New Millennium Minstrel Show featuring stereotypes of minstrel theater and starring a tap dancing character played by Savion Glover named Mantan B Boys Makin with the Freak Freak a song by Beastie Boys featured on their 1994 album Ill Communication samples a line from Mantan s comedy album That Ain t My Finger referencing a bit about a party and mashed potatoes Further reading EditMichael H Price Mantan the Funnyman 2007 a biography of MorelandFootnotes EditNotes Edit For an example of the indefinite talk routine see The Scarlet Clue at 39 minutes 25 seconds For an example of the indefinite talk routine see Dark Alibi at 19 minutes 25 seconds References Edit a b Moreland Actor Is Dead At 72 Played in Chan Films and in Black Codot The New York Times September 29 1973 Retrieved October 30 2014 Mantan Moreland the comedian who played the chauffeur Birmingham Brown in the Charlie Chan movies died today at the age of 72 a b Charlie Chan s Right Hand Man The Eyes Have It Washington Afro American Washington D C February 26 1957 p 5 Afro Magazine Section Retrieved December 4 2014 a b Price Michael 2007 Mantan the Funnyman The Life and Times of Mantan Moreland Midnight Marquee Press pp 63 207 208 ISBN 978 1 88766 470 7 M Moreland Charlie Chan Butler Died Pomona Progress Bulletin Pomona California September 29 1973 p A 2 a b c d e f Cullen Frank Hackman Florence McNeilly Donald 2007 Vaudeville old amp new an encyclopedia of variety performances in America Psychology Press pp 756 757 792 794 ISBN 9780415938532 Retrieved July 7 2017 Slide Anthony 1994 The Encyclopedia of Vaudeville Greenwood Press p 345 ISBN 978 1 61703 249 3 New York Show Whirl The Afro American Baltimore March 17 1945 p 8 Theatre Section Hill Constance Valis 2010 Tap Dancing America A Cultural History Oxford Oxford University Press p 136 ISBN 978 0 19022 538 4 Lech Steve October 2022 Riverside s Negro USO Club Riverside During World War II Riverside CA Riverside Historical Society pp 144 147 144 ISBN 979 8849200880 Dave Kehr June 13 2010 Golly Pop You Always Get Em Even on a Poverty Row Budget The New York Times p AR12 Hundreds of Hollywood s Celebs Pay Final Tribute to Ben Carter The Afro American Baltimore December 28 1946 p 7 Cripps Thomas R 1967 The Death of Rastus Negroes in American Films since 1945 Phylon 28 3 267 275 doi 10 2307 273665 JSTOR 273665 Thompson Jennifer From Blackface to Blaxploitation Representations Of African Americans In Film Duke University Library Duke University Retrieved October 26 2015 Boyd Herb 2010 Autobiography of a People Three Centuries of African American History Told by Those Who Lived It New York Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group p 351 ISBN 978 0 38549 279 9 Maurer Joan Howard Jeff Lenburg Greg Lenburg 2012 1982 The Three Stooges Scrapbook Citadel Press p 93 ISBN 978 1 61374 074 3 Cullen Frank Hackman Florence McNeilly Donald 2007 Vaudeville Old amp New An Encyclopedia of Variety Performers in America Routledge pp 794 ISBN 978 0 415 93853 2 2004 Hall of Fame Inductee National Multicultural Western Heritage Museum Archived from the original on July 7 2017 Retrieved July 7 2017 Webb Graham July 10 2020 Encyclopedia of American Short Films 1926 1959 ISBN 9781476639260 Parker Robert B Hush Money page 12 New York PutnamExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mantan Moreland Mantan Moreland at IMDb Mantan Moreland at the Internet Broadway Database Mantan Moreland at AllMovie Mantan Moreland and Ben Carter perform their Incomplete Sentences routine in this YouTube clip Mantan Moreland at Find a Grave Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mantan Moreland amp oldid 1141778849, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.