Many fossils have been discovered in recent years, particularly in China. Many of the feathered dinosaurs belong to this clade. In particular, a fossil of the AlvarezsauridaeShuvuuia has a version of keratin consistent with that of avian feathers.[2]
The wide range of fossils in the early Cretaceous and morphological evidence suggests that the main branches of maniraptoriform differentiation were separate before the end of the Jurassic.
Until recently, the relatives of Tyrannosaurus were thought to be maniraptoriforms,[4] but as of the first decade of the 21st century, this seems unlikely.[5][6]
History of study
In 1994, a study by paleontologistThomas Holtz found a close relationship between the Ornithomimosauria and Troodontidae, and named this group Bullatosauria. Holtz rejected this hypothesis in 1999, and most paleontologists now consider troodontids to be much more closely related to either birds or Dromaeosauridae than they are to ornithomimosaurs, causing the Bullatosauria to be abandoned. The name referred to the inflated (bulbous) sphenoid both groups shared. Holtz defined the group as the clade containing the most recent common ancestor of Troodon and Ornithomimus and all its descendants.[7] The concept is now considered redundant, and the clade Bullatosauria is now viewed as synonymous with Maniraptoriformes. In 2002, Gregory S. Paul named an apomorphy-based clade Avepectora, defined to include all theropods with a bird-like arrangement of the pectoral bones, where the angled shoulder girdle (coracoids) come in contact with the breastbone (sternum). According to Paul, ornithomimosaurs are the most basal members of this group.[8] In 2010, Paul used Avepectora for a smaller clade, excluding ornithomimosaurs, compsognathids and alvarezsauroids.[9]
Classification
The relationships among coelurosaurs shown below were found in a phylogenetic analysis by Godefroit and colleagues in 2013.[10]
^Zelenitsky, D. K.; Therrien, F.; Erickson, G. M.; Debuhr, C. L.; Kobayashi, Y.; Eberth, D. A.; Hadfield, F. (2012). "Feathered Non-Avian Dinosaurs from North America Provide Insight into Wing Origins". Science. 338 (6106): 510–514. Bibcode:2012Sci...338..510Z. doi:10.1126/science.1225376. PMID 23112330.
^Schweitzer, M.H.; Watt, J.A.; Avci, R.; Knapp, L.; Chiappe, L.; Norell, M.; Marshall, M. (1999). "Beta-keratin specific immunological reactivity in feather-like structures of the Cretaceous Alvarezsaurid, Shuvuuia deserti". Journal of Experimental Zoology. 285 (2): 146–157. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19990815)285:2<146::AID-JEZ7>3.0.CO;2-A. PMID 10440726.
^Barrett, P.M. (2009). "The affinities of the enigmatic dinosaur Eshanosaurus deguchiianus from the Early Jurassic of Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China". Palaeontology. 52 (4): 681–688. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00887.x.
^Senter, Phil (2007). "A new look at the phylogeny of coelurosauria (dinosauria: theropoda)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 5 (4): 429. doi:10.1017/S1477201907002143.
^Holtz, T.R. Jr (1994). "The phylogenetic position of the Tyrannosauridae. Implications for theropod systematics". Journal of Paleontology. 68: 1100–1117.
^Paul, G.S. (2002). Dinosaurs of the Air: The Evolution and Loss of Flight in Dinosaurs and Birds. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN0801867630.
^Paul, G. S. (2010). The Princeton field guide to dinosaurs Princeton University Press. Princeton, New Jersey.
^Godefroit, Pascal; Cau, Andrea; Hu, Dong-Yu; Escuillié, François; Wu, Wenhao; Dyke, Gareth (2013). "A Jurassic avialan dinosaur from China resolves the early phylogenetic history of birds". Nature. 498 (7454): 359–362. Bibcode:2013Natur.498..359G. doi:10.1038/nature12168. PMID 23719374.
February 14, 2023
maniraptoriformes, clade, dinosaurs, with, pennaceous, feathers, wings, that, contains, ornithomimosaurs, maniraptorans, this, group, named, thomas, holtz, defined, most, recent, common, ancestor, ornithomimus, birds, descendants, that, common, ancestor, tempo. Maniraptoriformes is a clade of dinosaurs with pennaceous feathers and wings 1 that contains ornithomimosaurs and maniraptorans This group was named by Thomas Holtz who defined it as the most recent common ancestor of Ornithomimus and birds and all descendants of that common ancestor ManiraptoriformesTemporal range Middle Jurassic Present 167 0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Possible Early Jurassic recordOrnithomimid Struthiomimus altus fossil castHouse sparrow Passer domesticus Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClade DinosauriaClade SaurischiaClade TheropodaClade NeocoelurosauriaClade ManiraptoriformesHoltz 1995Subgroups Ornithomimosauria ManiraptoraSynonymsBullatosauria Holtz 1993 Avepectora Paul 2002 Contents 1 Fossil evidence 2 History of study 3 Classification 4 See also 5 ReferencesFossil evidence EditMany fossils have been discovered in recent years particularly in China Many of the feathered dinosaurs belong to this clade In particular a fossil of the Alvarezsauridae Shuvuuia has a version of keratin consistent with that of avian feathers 2 Many nearly complete fossil maniraptoriforms are known from the late Jurassic Archaeopteryx is known from Bavaria at 155 150 Ma Ornitholestes the troodontid Hesperornithoides Coelurus fragilis and Tanycolagreus topwilsoni are all known from the Morrison Formation in Wyoming at about 150 Ma The Daohugou biota including Anchiornis and Epidexipteryx is the earliest record of maniraptoriformes dating to about 160 Ma One possible maniraptoriform Eshanosaurus lived even earlier during the Early Jurassic though its identification is controversial 3 The wide range of fossils in the early Cretaceous and morphological evidence suggests that the main branches of maniraptoriform differentiation were separate before the end of the Jurassic Until recently the relatives of Tyrannosaurus were thought to be maniraptoriforms 4 but as of the first decade of the 21st century this seems unlikely 5 6 History of study EditIn 1994 a study by paleontologist Thomas Holtz found a close relationship between the Ornithomimosauria and Troodontidae and named this group Bullatosauria Holtz rejected this hypothesis in 1999 and most paleontologists now consider troodontids to be much more closely related to either birds or Dromaeosauridae than they are to ornithomimosaurs causing the Bullatosauria to be abandoned The name referred to the inflated bulbous sphenoid both groups shared Holtz defined the group as the clade containing the most recent common ancestor of Troodon and Ornithomimus and all its descendants 7 The concept is now considered redundant and the clade Bullatosauria is now viewed as synonymous with Maniraptoriformes In 2002 Gregory S Paul named an apomorphy based clade Avepectora defined to include all theropods with a bird like arrangement of the pectoral bones where the angled shoulder girdle coracoids come in contact with the breastbone sternum According to Paul ornithomimosaurs are the most basal members of this group 8 In 2010 Paul used Avepectora for a smaller clade excluding ornithomimosaurs compsognathids and alvarezsauroids 9 Classification EditThe relationships among coelurosaurs shown below were found in a phylogenetic analysis by Godefroit and colleagues in 2013 10 Maniraptoriformes Ornithomimosauria Maniraptora Alvarezsauria Therizinosauria Pennaraptora Oviraptorosauria Paraves Scansoriopterygidae unnamed Eosinopteryx Eumaniraptora Dromaeosauridae Averaptora Troodontidae Avialae See also Edit Dinosaurs portalCoelurosauria ManiraptoraReferences Edit Zelenitsky D K Therrien F Erickson G M Debuhr C L Kobayashi Y Eberth D A Hadfield F 2012 Feathered Non Avian Dinosaurs from North America Provide Insight into Wing Origins Science 338 6106 510 514 Bibcode 2012Sci 338 510Z doi 10 1126 science 1225376 PMID 23112330 Schweitzer M H Watt J A Avci R Knapp L Chiappe L Norell M Marshall M 1999 Beta keratin specific immunological reactivity in feather like structures of the Cretaceous Alvarezsaurid Shuvuuia deserti Journal of Experimental Zoology 285 2 146 157 doi 10 1002 SICI 1097 010X 19990815 285 2 lt 146 AID JEZ7 gt 3 0 CO 2 A PMID 10440726 Barrett P M 2009 The affinities of the enigmatic dinosaur Eshanosaurus deguchiianus from the Early Jurassic of Yunnan Province People s Republic of China Palaeontology 52 4 681 688 doi 10 1111 j 1475 4983 2009 00887 x Benton Michael J 2004 Vertebrate Palaentology Archived 2008 10 19 at the Wayback Machine 3rd ed Wiley ISBN 978 0 632 05637 8 Weishampel David B Dodson Peter and Osmolska Halszka 2004 The Dinosauria University of California Press ISBN 0 520 25408 2 Senter Phil 2007 A new look at the phylogeny of coelurosauria dinosauria theropoda Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 5 4 429 doi 10 1017 S1477201907002143 Holtz T R Jr 1994 The phylogenetic position of the Tyrannosauridae Implications for theropod systematics Journal of Paleontology 68 1100 1117 Paul G S 2002 Dinosaurs of the Air The Evolution and Loss of Flight in Dinosaurs and Birds Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 0801867630 Paul G S 2010 The Princeton field guide to dinosaurs Princeton University Press Princeton New Jersey Godefroit Pascal Cau Andrea Hu Dong Yu Escuillie Francois Wu Wenhao Dyke Gareth 2013 A Jurassic avialan dinosaur from China resolves the early phylogenetic history of birds Nature 498 7454 359 362 Bibcode 2013Natur 498 359G doi 10 1038 nature12168 PMID 23719374 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Maniraptoriformes amp oldid 1137286862, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
