Kuti Valley is a Himalayan valley, an area administered by India and also claimed by Nepal, is situated in the Pithoragarh district of Uttrakhand state of India. It is the last valley before the border with Tibet. It runs along the Limpiyadhura Pass & Adi Kailash in northwest to Gunji in southeast axis, formed by the river Kuti Yankti, which is one of the headwaters of the Kali River. It is reached by the Pithoragagh-Lipulekh Pass Highway (PLPH).
This valley is mainly dominated by Byansis, one of the four Bhotiya communities of Kumaon, with the others being Johar, Darmiya and Chaudansi.[1][2] In May 2020, Nepal laid claim to the northeastern half of the valley, claiming that Kuthi Yanki represented the Kali River and it was meant to be Nepal's border as per the 1816 Sugauli Treaty.
Kuthi Yankti emerges from slopes near Wilsha, below the Limpiyadhura range, and passes Lake Jolingkong at an altitude of 4,630 m, to the Kuti village. It flows southeast to merge with the Kalapani River near the Gunji village to form the Kali River (or Sharada River). High Himalayan passes of Mangsha Dhura (5,490 m) and Limpiya Dhura (5,530 m) are situated along the northern border of the Kuthi valley joining it with Tibet. Shin La pass and Nama pass join Darma Valley to Kuthi valley from the south. Jolingkong and Parvati are main alpine lakes.[4]Sangthang Peak is the highest along the line of peaks forming the northern boundary of the valley with Tibet. Among the peaks forming the southern boundary of the valley, notable peaks are Brammah Parvat (6,321 m), Cheepaydang (6,220 m) and Adi Kailash (5,945 m).
Byans and Byansisedit
Kuthi Yankti is part of the Byans ethnographic region, which comprises Kuthi valley as well as the Kali River valley within its vicinity and the Tinkar valley in Nepal. The people of this region are called Byansis, who speak a distinctive Byangsi language. There are five Byans villages in the Kuthi valley (Gunji, Nabi, Rongkang, Napalchu and Kuti), two along the Kali River (Budi and Garbyang) and two in the Tinkar valley (Chhangru and Tinkar). In later times, two new villages were founded in Nepal (Rapla and Sitaula).[5] Kuti is the last village in the Kuthi valley, at an elevation of 12,300 feet (3,700 m). Garbyang, at the junction of Tinkar River with Kali, is the largest.[6]
Nepalese claimsedit
The Byans region was originally part of Kumaon and the whole of Kumaon was under rule of Nepal (Gorkha) for 25 years. After the Anglo-Nepalese War and the ensuing Treaty of Sugauli, the Kali River was agreed as the border between Kumaon and Nepal. In 1817, the Nepal Darbar claimed the villages of Tinkar and Chhangru as per the terms of the treaty, and the British Governor General acquiesced. The Nepalese then made the further claim that the Kuthi valley also belonged to them on the grounds that Kuthi Yankti was the main headwater of Kali. This claim was rejected by the British on the grounds that, by tradition and convention, the Kali River is taken to begin at the Kalapani village, where the dark-coloured springs flowing into the river give it the name "Kali". ("Kali" means black in Hindi.)[7]
The claim to the Kuthi Valley was revived by the Nepalese geographer Buddhi Narayan Shrestha in 1999, who, after studying old maps of the early 19th century, came to the conclusion that "the origin of Mahakali River lies almost 16 kilometres northwest of Kalapani at Limpiyadhura".[8] In May 2020, the Nepalese government made the claim official by endorsing a new map of Nepal that shows the Kuthi Valley as part of Nepal. The Prime Minister K. P. Oli declared that the country would "reclaim" it.[9] India responded that it was a unilateral act that was "not based on historical facts and evidence".[10]
See alsoedit
Kalapani territory – for the territorial dispute between India and Nepal
^Chatterjee, The Bhotias of Uttarakhand (1976), pp. 8–9: "[...] the four Kumaon Bhotia communities, viz., the Johar, the Darma, the Chaudans and the Byans, share greater similarities among themselves"
^Hoon, Living on the Move (1996), p. 48: "The river Kaliganga forms a natural boundary between India and Nepal. It has two headwaters: the eastern one Kalapani is a collection of springs, and the western one Kutiyankti rises from the snow fields of the Himadri near Kuti, the last Bhotiya village in Vyas [Byas]."
^Heim, Arnold; Gansser, August (1939), The Throne of the Gods: An account of the first Swiss expedition to the Himalayas(PDF), Macmillan
^Atkinson, Himalayan Gazetteer, Vol. 2, Part 2 (1981), pp. 679–680: "Captain Webb and others showed that the lesser stream flowing from the sacred fountain of Kalapani had always been recognised as the main branch of the Kali and had in fact given its name to the river during its course through the hills. The Government, therefore, decided to retain both Nabhi and Kunti, which have ever since remained attached to British Byans."
^Śreshṭha, Buddhi Nārāyaṇa (2003) [first published in 1999 in Sunday Despatch Weekly], "Maps show Kalapani belongs to Nepal", Border Management of Nepal, Bhumichitra, pp. 126–129, ISBN978-99933-57-42-1
^PTI, Nepal approves new map including Lipulekh, Kalapani, Limpiyadhura amidst border row with India, The Hindu, 19 May 2020.
^India: Nepal map is ‘artificial enlargement of territorial claims’, won’t accept it, online khabar, 21 May 2020.
Bibliographyedit
Atkinson, Edwin Thomas (1981) [first published 1884], The Himalayan Gazetteer, Volume 2, Part 2, Cosmo Publications – via archive.org
Bergmann, Christoph (2016). "Confluent territories and overlapping sovereignties: Britain's nineteenth-century Indian empire in the Kumaon Himalaya". Journal of Historical Geography. 51: 88–98. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2015.06.015. ISSN 0305-7488.
Chatterjee, Bishwa B. (January 1976), "The Bhotias of Uttarakhand", India International Centre Quarterly, 3 (1): 3–16, JSTOR 23001864
Hoon, Vineeta (1996), Living on the Move: Bhotiyas of the Kumaon Himalaya, Sage Publications, ISBN978-0-8039-9325-9
Nagano, Yasuhiko; LaPolla, Randy J. (2001), New Research on Zhangzhung and Related Himalayan Languages: Bon Studies 3, National Museum of Ethnology
Rawat, Ajay Singh (1999), Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya: Struggle of the Marginalised People, Indus Publishing, ISBN978-81-7387-101-6
Varma, Uma (1994), Uttar Pradesh State Gazetteer, Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, Dept. of District Gazetteers
Walton, H. G., ed. (1911), Almora: A Gazetteer, District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, vol. 35, Government Press, United Provinces – via archive.org
March 17, 2024
kuthi, valley, kuti, valley, himalayan, valley, area, administered, india, also, claimed, nepal, situated, pithoragarh, district, uttrakhand, state, india, last, valley, before, border, with, tibet, runs, along, limpiyadhura, pass, kailash, northwest, gunji, s. Kuti Valley is a Himalayan valley an area administered by India and also claimed by Nepal is situated in the Pithoragarh district of Uttrakhand state of India It is the last valley before the border with Tibet It runs along the Limpiyadhura Pass amp Adi Kailash in northwest to Gunji in southeast axis formed by the river Kuti Yankti which is one of the headwaters of the Kali River It is reached by the Pithoragagh Lipulekh Pass Highway PLPH Kuti ValleyKutiLength30 km 19 mi GeographyCountryIndiaStateUttrakhandRegionDharchulaDistrictPithoragarhCoordinates30 19 N 80 46 E 30 31 N 80 76 E 30 31 80 76 This valley is mainly dominated by Byansis one of the four Bhotiya communities of Kumaon with the others being Johar Darmiya and Chaudansi 1 2 In May 2020 Nepal laid claim to the northeastern half of the valley claiming that Kuthi Yanki represented the Kali River and it was meant to be Nepal s border as per the 1816 Sugauli Treaty Contents 1 Kuthi Yankti 2 Byans and Byansis 3 Nepalese claims 4 See also 5 References 6 BibliographyKuthi Yankti edit nbsp nbsp 15km10miles nbsp TIBET CHINA NEPALKUMAON INDIA nbsp KaliRiver nbsp GoriGanga nbsp Darma Dhauli nbsp LasserYankti nbsp Darma nbsp KuthiYankti nbsp TinkarKhola nbsp Kalapani nbsp Kungribingri La nbsp Unta Dhura nbsp Milam nbsp Munsyari nbsp Askot nbsp Dharchula nbsp Jauljibi nbsp Tawaghat nbsp Gunji nbsp Kuthi nbsp Limpiyadhura nbsp Kalapani nbsp LipulekhPass nbsp Bhot Pradesh of Kumaon Kuthi Yankti is one of the two headwaters of the Kali River the other being the Kalapani River that flows down from the Lipulekh Pass 3 Kuthi Yankti emerges from slopes near Wilsha below the Limpiyadhura range and passes Lake Jolingkong at an altitude of 4 630 m to the Kuti village It flows southeast to merge with the Kalapani River near the Gunji village to form the Kali River or Sharada River High Himalayan passes of Mangsha Dhura 5 490 m and Limpiya Dhura 5 530 m are situated along the northern border of the Kuthi valley joining it with Tibet Shin La pass and Nama pass join Darma Valley to Kuthi valley from the south Jolingkong and Parvati are main alpine lakes 4 Sangthang Peak is the highest along the line of peaks forming the northern boundary of the valley with Tibet Among the peaks forming the southern boundary of the valley notable peaks are Brammah Parvat 6 321 m Cheepaydang 6 220 m and Adi Kailash 5 945 m Byans and Byansis editKuthi Yankti is part of the Byans ethnographic region which comprises Kuthi valley as well as the Kali River valley within its vicinity and the Tinkar valley in Nepal The people of this region are called Byansis who speak a distinctive Byangsi language There are five Byans villages in the Kuthi valley Gunji Nabi Rongkang Napalchu and Kuti two along the Kali River Budi and Garbyang and two in the Tinkar valley Chhangru and Tinkar In later times two new villages were founded in Nepal Rapla and Sitaula 5 Kuti is the last village in the Kuthi valley at an elevation of 12 300 feet 3 700 m Garbyang at the junction of Tinkar River with Kali is the largest 6 Nepalese claims editThe Byans region was originally part of Kumaon and the whole of Kumaon was under rule of Nepal Gorkha for 25 years After the Anglo Nepalese War and the ensuing Treaty of Sugauli the Kali River was agreed as the border between Kumaon and Nepal In 1817 the Nepal Darbar claimed the villages of Tinkar and Chhangru as per the terms of the treaty and the British Governor General acquiesced The Nepalese then made the further claim that the Kuthi valley also belonged to them on the grounds that Kuthi Yankti was the main headwater of Kali This claim was rejected by the British on the grounds that by tradition and convention the Kali River is taken to begin at the Kalapani village where the dark coloured springs flowing into the river give it the name Kali Kali means black in Hindi 7 The claim to the Kuthi Valley was revived by the Nepalese geographer Buddhi Narayan Shrestha in 1999 who after studying old maps of the early 19th century came to the conclusion that the origin of Mahakali River lies almost 16 kilometres northwest of Kalapani at Limpiyadhura 8 In May 2020 the Nepalese government made the claim official by endorsing a new map of Nepal that shows the Kuthi Valley as part of Nepal The Prime Minister K P Oli declared that the country would reclaim it 9 India responded that it was a unilateral act that was not based on historical facts and evidence 10 See also editKalapani territory for the territorial dispute between India and NepalReferences edit Bergmann Confluent territories and overlapping sovereignties 2016 p 89 Chatterjee The Bhotias of Uttarakhand 1976 pp 8 9 the four Kumaon Bhotia communities viz the Johar the Darma the Chaudans and the Byans share greater similarities among themselves Hoon Living on the Move 1996 p 48 The river Kaliganga forms a natural boundary between India and Nepal It has two headwaters the eastern one Kalapani is a collection of springs and the western one Kutiyankti rises from the snow fields of the Himadri near Kuti the last Bhotiya village in Vyas Byas Heim Arnold Gansser August 1939 The Throne of the Gods An account of the first Swiss expedition to the Himalayas PDF Macmillan Nagano amp LaPolla New Research on Zhangzhung and Related Himalayan Languages 2001 p 499 Chatterjee The Bhotias of Uttarakhand 1976 p 9 Atkinson Himalayan Gazetteer Vol 2 Part 2 1981 pp 679 680 Captain Webb and others showed that the lesser stream flowing from the sacred fountain of Kalapani had always been recognised as the main branch of the Kali and had in fact given its name to the river during its course through the hills The Government therefore decided to retain both Nabhi and Kunti which have ever since remained attached to British Byans Sreshṭha Buddhi Narayaṇa 2003 first published in 1999 in Sunday Despatch Weekly Maps show Kalapani belongs to Nepal Border Management of Nepal Bhumichitra pp 126 129 ISBN 978 99933 57 42 1 PTI Nepal approves new map including Lipulekh Kalapani Limpiyadhura amidst border row with India The Hindu 19 May 2020 India Nepal map is artificial enlargement of territorial claims won t accept it online khabar 21 May 2020 Bibliography editAtkinson Edwin Thomas 1981 first published 1884 The Himalayan Gazetteer Volume 2 Part 2 Cosmo Publications via archive org Bergmann Christoph 2016 Confluent territories and overlapping sovereignties Britain s nineteenth century Indian empire in the Kumaon Himalaya Journal of Historical Geography 51 88 98 doi 10 1016 j jhg 2015 06 015 ISSN 0305 7488 Chatterjee Bishwa B January 1976 The Bhotias of Uttarakhand India International Centre Quarterly 3 1 3 16 JSTOR 23001864 Hoon Vineeta 1996 Living on the Move Bhotiyas of the Kumaon Himalaya Sage Publications ISBN 978 0 8039 9325 9 Nagano Yasuhiko LaPolla Randy J 2001 New Research on Zhangzhung and Related Himalayan Languages Bon Studies 3 National Museum of Ethnology Rawat Ajay Singh 1999 Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya Struggle of the Marginalised People Indus Publishing ISBN 978 81 7387 101 6 Varma Uma 1994 Uttar Pradesh State Gazetteer Govt of Uttar Pradesh Dept of District Gazetteers Walton H G ed 1911 Almora A Gazetteer District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh vol 35 Government Press United Provinces via archive org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kuthi Valley amp oldid 1209115967, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
