Mandali, Iraq
Mandali (Arabic: مندلي,[3] Kurdish: مەندەلی, romanized: Mendelî[4][5]) is a town in Balad Ruz District, Diyala Governorate in Iraq, near the Iranian border. The town has a mixed Arab, Kurdish and Turkmen population.[6][7] Mandali is disputed between the federal government of Iraq and the autonomous Kurdistan Region, and experienced Arabization during the Saddam era.[8]
Mandali | |
|---|---|
Town | |
Mandali Location within Iraq | |
| Coordinates: 33°44′N 45°33′E / 33.733°N 45.550°E | |
| Country | Iraq |
| Governorate | Diyala |
| District | Balad Ruz |
| Elevation | 341.2 ft (104 m) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 29,882−50,000 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 |
History edit
The former name of Mandali was Bendink[10] which was the capital of the Kurdish principality Bani Ammz.[11] Kurds constituted 50% of the population in 1947 and the majority continued throughout the 1950s.[12][13] About 4,000 Kurdish families were deported or fled the town after the collapse of the Kurdish movement in 1975.[14]
During September 1980 of the Iran–Iraq War, the town and other nearby villages were attacked by Iranian forces.[15] The population of the town was 25,656 in 1977 but decreased to 8,092 in 1987. A republican decree established Baladruz District in 1987 which Mandali was attached to.[11]
Border trade edit
Being located in the vicinity of the Soumar border marketplace, in the Iranian Kermanshah province, there are commercial exchanges with Iran.[16]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "City (Town) Mandali: Map, population, location".
- ^ . Al Arabiya. Archived from the original on 9 November 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- ^ "قوات الرد السريع والحشد الشعبي تسيطران على منفذي مندلي والمنذرية". Rûdaw (in Arabic). 11 July 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ^ "6 polîsên Iraqê li Mendelî hatin kuştin". ROJ News (in Kurdish). Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ^ "مەندەلی.. تیرۆریستانی داعش هێرشیان کردە سەر هێزێکی سوپای عێراق". Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ^ "Mandali". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- ^ "Kurds push for Mandali Mayor office". Kirkuknow. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- ^ Kane, Sean (2011). "Iraq's Disputed Territories" (PDF). p. 35. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ^ "مندلي مدينة المليون نخلة تستغيث". Azzaman. 28 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
- ^ المندلاوي, عمران (1985). مندلي عبر العصور. العراق: دار الحرية للطباعة. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
- ^ a b Ihsan, Mohammad, Administrative Changes in Kirkuk and Disputed Areas in Iraq 1968-2003, p. 57
- ^ C. J. Edmonds (1957). Kurds, Turks and Arabs, Politics, Travel and Research in North-Eastern Iraq, 1919-1925. Oxford University Press. p. 440. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
- ^ Edmonds, C.J. (1957). "The Kurds of Iraq". Middle East Journal. 11 (1): 52–62. JSTOR 4322870 – via JSTOR.
- ^ Kane, Sean (2011). "Iraq's Disputed Territories" (PDF). p. 67. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ^ "Mandali". Global Security. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ^ "Iran, Iraq resume trade activity in Mandali border crossing".