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Mairead inghean Eachainn

December 03, 2023

Mairead inghean Eachainn,[1] also known as Mairead nic Eachainn,[2] was a consort of Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan (a man also known as the "Wolf of Badenoch"). She was the daughter of a man named Eachann, and probably the mother of several children, including Alexander's like-named son, Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar.

Mairead and Alexander edit

Mairead was the daughter of a man named Eachann.[3] She is described by a papal letter as "a woman of the diocese of Ross".[4] Although she was evidently a Gaelic-speaking Highlander,[5] the identity and location of her family are otherwise unknown.[6][note 1]

Mairead is known to have cohabited with Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan in the late 1380s and 1390s.[13] Although Alexander was canonically married to Euphemia I, Countess of Ross, his contemporaneous union with Mairead appears to have been a Gaelic secular marriage.[14] Alexander's relationship with Mairead was not unprecedented. His father, Robert II, King of Scotland, had similarly cohabited with Elizabeth Mure.[15][note 2]

Alexander and Euphemia were married in 1382.[18] By way of their union, Alexander gained control of the lands of Ross, and attained a jointure of Euphemia's lands outwith this earldom: Lewis, Skye, and Dingwall. Although he never gained the title Earl of Ross, Alexander was created Earl of Buchan by the king on account of Euphemia's inheritance.[19] The childless[20] marriage between Alexander and Euphemia was nevertheless a failure.[21]

In 1389, Euphemia, brought a complaint before the bishops of Moray and Ross, declaring that her marriage was a sham because Alexander was cohabiting with Mairead.[22] Alexander subsequently pledged to return to her as her husband, and promised not to use his men against her.[23] There is reason to suspect that it was the prospect of losing his claim on Euphemia's territorial possessions that compelled Alexander to cave to Euphemia demands.[19][note 3]

In 1392, Antipope Clement VII finally terminated the marriage because it had been "the cause of wars, plundering, arson, murders, and many other damages and scandals".[25] As a result of this divorce, Euphemia's lordships and estates were restored to her.[20]

Alexander had five bastard sons.[26] Mairead was evidently the mother of several of Alexander's children,[27] including his like-named son.[28][note 4] If she was the mother of Alexander's sons Duncan and Robert—men who are otherwise recorded to have conducted raids in 1392—Alexander and Mairead must have been familiar with each other in the 1370s, at about the time Alexander first appears active in Badenoch.[31][note 5]

Upon the conclusion of Alexander's marriage to Euphemia, Euphemia's son from an earlier marriage faced the prospect of losing his inheritance.[33] The longstanding relationship between Mairead and Alexander, coupled with evidence of a sham marriage between him and Euphemia, could indicate that the latter union was a political maneuver orchestrated by Alexander's father. As such, this union could well have violated what was a preexisting marriage between Alexander and Mairead, the mother of his children.[34]

Notes edit

  1. ^ The Moray Register gives the name of Mairead's father as "Achyn".[7] An early nineteenth-century transcription of this source erroneously rendered the name "Athyn",[8] influencing some later novelists and historians.[9] One such historian was Angus Mackay, who theorised in the early twentieth century that "Athyn" referred to a Mackay chief, Iye Mackay.[10] There is otherwise no evidence for this suggestion.[11] The fact that a papal directive identifies Mairead as "Enyenachyn" (inghean Eachainn) further reveals that she was the daughter of a man named Eachann.[12]
  2. ^ Robert and Elizabeth probably cohabited for over a decade before they received a papal dispensation in 1347, legitimised their children, and formalised their marriage in 1349.[16] Alexander and Euphemia received a papal dispensation for their marriage in July 1382.[17]
  3. ^ The principal security to this contract was Robert, Earl of Sutherland, a man who was probably a son-in-law of Alexander and Mairead.[24]
  4. ^ The birthdate of this son is uncertain. He may not have been Alexander's eldest son,[29] although he is literally stated to have been in 1404.[30] He was evidently at least fourteen in 1404, when he married Isabel Douglas, Countess of Mar.[29]
  5. ^ According to the fifteenth-century Scotichronicon, Duncan, described as Alexander's bastard, defeated the forces of Walter Ogilvy, Sheriff of Angus in 1392. The government outlawed twenty two of the combatants, the most prominent of whom were two Stewarts named Duncan and Robert. These men are likely identical to the sons of Alexander reported to have been imprisoned in Stirling Castle in 1399, and may have been amongst prisoners stated to have been held there between 1396 and 1402.[32]

Citations edit

  1. ^ Ruiter (2014); Stevenson (2014); Ditchburn (2005); Lelong (2002); Boardman, S (1996a); Boardman, S (1996b).
  2. ^ Barrow (1981).
  3. ^ Boardman, S (1996a) p. 6; Boardman, S (1996b) p. 171.
  4. ^ Boardman, S (1996a) pp. 9, 11; Barrow (1981) pp. 16–17; Burns (1976) p. 181.
  5. ^ Barrow (1981) p. 16.
  6. ^ Boardman, S (1996a) p. 6.
  7. ^ Barrow (1992) p. 115; Barrow (1981) pp. 17, 22 n. 50; Mackay, W (1922) pp. 19–20.
  8. ^ Barrow (1992) p. 115; Barrow (1981) pp. 17, 22 n. 50; Mackay, W (1922) pp. 19–20; Registrum Episcopatus Moraviensis (1837) p. 353 § 271.
  9. ^ Mackay, W (1922) p. 20.
  10. ^ Paul (1910) p. 159; Mackay, A (1906) pp. 48–49.
  11. ^ Grant (1993) p. 160 n. 30.
  12. ^ Barrow (1992) p. 115 n. 52; Barrow (1981) pp. 17, 22 n. 49; Burns (1976) p. 181.
  13. ^ Ruiter (2014) pp. 6–7; Boardman, S (1996a) p. 9.
  14. ^ Ruiter (2014) p. 6; Boardman, S (1996b) p. 105 n. 79.
  15. ^ Grant (2013) pp. 5–6, 23; Stevenson (2014) p. 60; Barrow (1992) p. 115.
  16. ^ Grant (2013) p. 5; Boardman, SI (2006).
  17. ^ Ruiter (2014) p. 6; Burns (1976) p. 79.
  18. ^ Ruiter (2014) p. 15; Munro; Munro (2008).
  19. ^ a b Grant (2005).
  20. ^ a b Munro; Munro (2008).
  21. ^ Grant (2013) p. 23; Grant (2005).
  22. ^ Parker (2012) p. 85; Lelong (2002) p. 116; Boardman, S (1996a) p. 17; Registrum Episcopatus Moraviensis (1837) pp. 353–354 § 271.
  23. ^ Boardman, S (1996a) p. 17; Grant (1993) pp. 151, 160 n. 31; Registrum Episcopatus Moraviensis (1837) pp. 353–354 § 271.
  24. ^ Grant (1993) pp. 151, 160 n. 32; Registrum Episcopatus Moraviensis (1837) pp. 353–354 § 271.
  25. ^ Ruiter (2014) p. 6; Parker (2012) p. 85; Lelong (2002) p. 116; Boardman, S (1996a) p. 18; Grant (1993) p. 153; Burns (1976) pp. 174, 181.
  26. ^ Grant (2013) pp. 23, 44 tab. 1.
  27. ^ Ruiter (2014) pp. 6–7; Stevenson (2014) p. 60; Grant (2013) p. 23; Grant (2005); Lelong (2002) p. 113; Boardman, S (1996a) p. 9; Grant (1993) p. 154; Barrow (1992) p. 115; Barrow (1981) p. 16; Paul (1905) p. 262.
  28. ^ Ruiter (2014) pp. 6–7; Stevenson (2014) p. 60; Grant (2013) p. 23; Ditchburn (2005); Grant (2005); Barrow (1992) p. 115; Barrow (1981) pp. 16–17.
  29. ^ a b Ditchburn (2005).
  30. ^ Grant (2013) p. 23 n. 155; Paul (1882) p. 251 § 1239.
  31. ^ Boardman, S (1996a) p. 9.
  32. ^ Grant (1993) p. 154.
  33. ^ Ruiter (2014) pp. 6–7; Grant (2005).
  34. ^ Ruiter (2014) pp. 6–7, 10.

References edit

Primary sources edit

  • Burns, C, ed. (1976). Calendar of Papal Letters to Scotland of Clement VII of Avignon, 1378–1394. Publications of the Scottish History Society, Fourth Series (series vol. 12). Edinburgh: Scottish History Society – via National Library of Scotland.
  • Paul, JB, ed. (1882). Registrum Magni Sigilli Regum Scotorum: The Register of the Great Seal of Scotland, A.D. 1424–1513. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. OL 23329160M – via Internet Archive.
  • Registrum Episcopatus Moraviensis. Edinburgh: Bannatyne Club. 1837. OL 23368344M – via Internet Archive.

Secondary sources edit

  • Barrow, G. W. S. (1981). "The Sources for the History of the Highlands in the Middle Ages". In Maclean of Dochgarroch, L (ed.). The Middle Ages in the Highlands. Inverness: Inverness Field Club – via Google Books.
  • Barrow, G. W. S. (1992). Scotland and its Neighbours in the Middle Ages. London: The Hambledon Press. ISBN 1-85285-052-3.
  • Boardman, S. (1996a). "Lordship in the North-East: The Badenoch Stewarts, I. Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, Lord of Badenoch". Northern Scotland. 16 (1): 1–29. doi:10.3366/nor.1996.0002. eISSN 2042-2717. ISSN 0306-5278.
  • Boardman, S. (1996b). The Early Stewart Kings: Robert II and Robert III, 1371–1406. East Linton: Tuckwell Press. ISBN 1-898410-43-7.
  • Boardman, S. I. (2006). "Robert II (1316–1390)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23713. Retrieved 6 September 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  • Ditchburn, D. (2005). "Stewart, Alexander, earl of Mar (c. 1380–1435)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26452. Retrieved 14 August 2018. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  • Grant, A (1993). "The Wolf of Badenoch" (PDF). In Sellar, WDH (ed.). Moray: Province and People. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 143–161. ISBN 0-9505994-6-8.
  • Grant, A (2005). "Stewart, Alexander [called the Wolf of Badenoch], first earl of Buchan (c.1345–1405)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26451. Retrieved 25 September 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  • Grant, A. (2013). Royal and Magnate Bastards in the Later Middle Ages: The View from Scotland (Working paper). Lancaster University.
  • Lelong, O. C. (2002). Writing People into the Landscape: Approaches to the Archaeology of Badenoch and Strathnave (PhD thesis). Vol. 1. University of Glasgow – via Enlighten: Publications.
  • Mackay, A. (1906). The Book of Mackay. Edinburgh: Norman Macleod. OL 25295537M – via Internet Archive.
  • Mackay, W. (1922). The Battle of Harlaw: Its True Place in History. Inverness – via National Library of Scotland.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Munro, R; Munro, J (2008). "Ross Family (per. c.1215–c.1415)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/54308. ISBN 978-0-19-861411-1. Retrieved 5 July 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  • Parker, H. (2012). 'In all Gudly Haste': The Formation of Marriage in Scotland, c. 1350–1600 (PhD thesis). University of Guelph. hdl:10214/3481 – via The Atrium.
  • Paul, J. B., ed. (1905). The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: David Douglas – via Internet Archive.
  • Paul, J. B., ed. (1910). The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom. Vol. 7. Edinburgh: David Douglas – via Internet Archive.
  • Ruiter, M. (2014). "Alasdair Mòr mac an Rìgh: A Reassessment of Alexander Stewart's Political Disposition During the Reign of Robert II of Scotland". Constellations. 5 (2): 1–11. doi:10.29173/cons22034. ISSN 2562-0509.
  • Stevenson, K. (2014). Power and Propaganda: Scotland, 1306–1488. The New History of Scotland (series vol. 3). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-9419-8.

December 03, 2023
mairead, inghean, eachainn, also, known, mairead, eachainn, consort, alexander, stewart, earl, buchan, also, known, wolf, badenoch, daughter, named, eachann, probably, mother, several, children, including, alexander, like, named, alexander, stewart, earl, cont. Mairead inghean Eachainn 1 also known as Mairead nic Eachainn 2 was a consort of Alexander Stewart Earl of Buchan a man also known as the Wolf of Badenoch She was the daughter of a man named Eachann and probably the mother of several children including Alexander s like named son Alexander Stewart Earl of Mar Contents 1 Mairead and Alexander 2 Notes 3 Citations 4 References 4 1 Primary sources 4 2 Secondary sourcesMairead and Alexander editMairead was the daughter of a man named Eachann 3 She is described by a papal letter as a woman of the diocese of Ross 4 Although she was evidently a Gaelic speaking Highlander 5 the identity and location of her family are otherwise unknown 6 note 1 Mairead is known to have cohabited with Alexander Stewart Earl of Buchan in the late 1380s and 1390s 13 Although Alexander was canonically married to Euphemia I Countess of Ross his contemporaneous union with Mairead appears to have been a Gaelic secular marriage 14 Alexander s relationship with Mairead was not unprecedented His father Robert II King of Scotland had similarly cohabited with Elizabeth Mure 15 note 2 Alexander and Euphemia were married in 1382 18 By way of their union Alexander gained control of the lands of Ross and attained a jointure of Euphemia s lands outwith this earldom Lewis Skye and Dingwall Although he never gained the title Earl of Ross Alexander was created Earl of Buchan by the king on account of Euphemia s inheritance 19 The childless 20 marriage between Alexander and Euphemia was nevertheless a failure 21 In 1389 Euphemia brought a complaint before the bishops of Moray and Ross declaring that her marriage was a sham because Alexander was cohabiting with Mairead 22 Alexander subsequently pledged to return to her as her husband and promised not to use his men against her 23 There is reason to suspect that it was the prospect of losing his claim on Euphemia s territorial possessions that compelled Alexander to cave to Euphemia demands 19 note 3 In 1392 Antipope Clement VII finally terminated the marriage because it had been the cause of wars plundering arson murders and many other damages and scandals 25 As a result of this divorce Euphemia s lordships and estates were restored to her 20 Alexander had five bastard sons 26 Mairead was evidently the mother of several of Alexander s children 27 including his like named son 28 note 4 If she was the mother of Alexander s sons Duncan and Robert men who are otherwise recorded to have conducted raids in 1392 Alexander and Mairead must have been familiar with each other in the 1370s at about the time Alexander first appears active in Badenoch 31 note 5 Upon the conclusion of Alexander s marriage to Euphemia Euphemia s son from an earlier marriage faced the prospect of losing his inheritance 33 The longstanding relationship between Mairead and Alexander coupled with evidence of a sham marriage between him and Euphemia could indicate that the latter union was a political maneuver orchestrated by Alexander s father As such this union could well have violated what was a preexisting marriage between Alexander and Mairead the mother of his children 34 Notes edit The Moray Register gives the name of Mairead s father as Achyn 7 An early nineteenth century transcription of this source erroneously rendered the name Athyn 8 influencing some later novelists and historians 9 One such historian was Angus Mackay who theorised in the early twentieth century that Athyn referred to a Mackay chief Iye Mackay 10 There is otherwise no evidence for this suggestion 11 The fact that a papal directive identifies Mairead as Enyenachyn inghean Eachainn further reveals that she was the daughter of a man named Eachann 12 Robert and Elizabeth probably cohabited for over a decade before they received a papal dispensation in 1347 legitimised their children and formalised their marriage in 1349 16 Alexander and Euphemia received a papal dispensation for their marriage in July 1382 17 The principal security to this contract was Robert Earl of Sutherland a man who was probably a son in law of Alexander and Mairead 24 The birthdate of this son is uncertain He may not have been Alexander s eldest son 29 although he is literally stated to have been in 1404 30 He was evidently at least fourteen in 1404 when he married Isabel Douglas Countess of Mar 29 According to the fifteenth century Scotichronicon Duncan described as Alexander s bastard defeated the forces of Walter Ogilvy Sheriff of Angus in 1392 The government outlawed twenty two of the combatants the most prominent of whom were two Stewarts named Duncan and Robert These men are likely identical to the sons of Alexander reported to have been imprisoned in Stirling Castle in 1399 and may have been amongst prisoners stated to have been held there between 1396 and 1402 32 Citations edit Ruiter 2014 Stevenson 2014 Ditchburn 2005 Lelong 2002 Boardman S 1996a Boardman S 1996b Barrow 1981 Boardman S 1996a p 6 Boardman S 1996b p 171 Boardman S 1996a pp 9 11 Barrow 1981 pp 16 17 Burns 1976 p 181 Barrow 1981 p 16 Boardman S 1996a p 6 Barrow 1992 p 115 Barrow 1981 pp 17 22 n 50 Mackay W 1922 pp 19 20 Barrow 1992 p 115 Barrow 1981 pp 17 22 n 50 Mackay W 1922 pp 19 20 Registrum Episcopatus Moraviensis 1837 p 353 271 Mackay W 1922 p 20 Paul 1910 p 159 Mackay A 1906 pp 48 49 Grant 1993 p 160 n 30 Barrow 1992 p 115 n 52 Barrow 1981 pp 17 22 n 49 Burns 1976 p 181 Ruiter 2014 pp 6 7 Boardman S 1996a p 9 Ruiter 2014 p 6 Boardman S 1996b p 105 n 79 Grant 2013 pp 5 6 23 Stevenson 2014 p 60 Barrow 1992 p 115 Grant 2013 p 5 Boardman SI 2006 Ruiter 2014 p 6 Burns 1976 p 79 Ruiter 2014 p 15 Munro Munro 2008 a b Grant 2005 a b Munro Munro 2008 Grant 2013 p 23 Grant 2005 Parker 2012 p 85 Lelong 2002 p 116 Boardman S 1996a p 17 Registrum Episcopatus Moraviensis 1837 pp 353 354 271 Boardman S 1996a p 17 Grant 1993 pp 151 160 n 31 Registrum Episcopatus Moraviensis 1837 pp 353 354 271 Grant 1993 pp 151 160 n 32 Registrum Episcopatus Moraviensis 1837 pp 353 354 271 Ruiter 2014 p 6 Parker 2012 p 85 Lelong 2002 p 116 Boardman S 1996a p 18 Grant 1993 p 153 Burns 1976 pp 174 181 Grant 2013 pp 23 44 tab 1 Ruiter 2014 pp 6 7 Stevenson 2014 p 60 Grant 2013 p 23 Grant 2005 Lelong 2002 p 113 Boardman S 1996a p 9 Grant 1993 p 154 Barrow 1992 p 115 Barrow 1981 p 16 Paul 1905 p 262 Ruiter 2014 pp 6 7 Stevenson 2014 p 60 Grant 2013 p 23 Ditchburn 2005 Grant 2005 Barrow 1992 p 115 Barrow 1981 pp 16 17 a b Ditchburn 2005 Grant 2013 p 23 n 155 Paul 1882 p 251 1239 Boardman S 1996a p 9 Grant 1993 p 154 Ruiter 2014 pp 6 7 Grant 2005 Ruiter 2014 pp 6 7 10 References editPrimary sources edit Burns C ed 1976 Calendar of Papal Letters to Scotland of Clement VII of Avignon 1378 1394 Publications of the Scottish History Society Fourth Series series vol 12 Edinburgh Scottish History Society via National Library of Scotland Paul JB ed 1882 Registrum Magni Sigilli Regum Scotorum The Register of the Great Seal of Scotland A D 1424 1513 Edinburgh H M General Register House OL 23329160M via Internet Archive Registrum Episcopatus Moraviensis Edinburgh Bannatyne Club 1837 OL 23368344M via Internet Archive Secondary sources edit Barrow G W S 1981 The Sources for the History of the Highlands in the Middle Ages In Maclean of Dochgarroch L ed The Middle Ages in the Highlands Inverness Inverness Field Club via Google Books Barrow G W S 1992 Scotland and its Neighbours in the Middle Ages London The Hambledon Press ISBN 1 85285 052 3 Boardman S 1996a Lordship in the North East The Badenoch Stewarts I Alexander Stewart Earl of Buchan Lord of Badenoch Northern Scotland 16 1 1 29 doi 10 3366 nor 1996 0002 eISSN 2042 2717 ISSN 0306 5278 Boardman S 1996b The Early Stewart Kings Robert II and Robert III 1371 1406 East Linton Tuckwell Press ISBN 1 898410 43 7 Boardman S I 2006 Robert II 1316 1390 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 23713 Retrieved 6 September 2011 Subscription or UK public library membership required Ditchburn D 2005 Stewart Alexander earl of Mar c 1380 1435 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 26452 Retrieved 14 August 2018 Subscription or UK public library membership required Grant A 1993 The Wolf of Badenoch PDF In Sellar WDH ed Moray Province and People Edinburgh The Scottish Society for Northern Studies pp 143 161 ISBN 0 9505994 6 8 Grant A 2005 Stewart Alexander called the Wolf of Badenoch first earl of Buchan c 1345 1405 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 26451 Retrieved 25 September 2011 Subscription or UK public library membership required Grant A 2013 Royal and Magnate Bastards in the Later Middle Ages The View from Scotland Working paper Lancaster University Lelong O C 2002 Writing People into the Landscape Approaches to the Archaeology of Badenoch and Strathnave PhD thesis Vol 1 University of Glasgow via Enlighten Publications Mackay A 1906 The Book of Mackay Edinburgh Norman Macleod OL 25295537M via Internet Archive Mackay W 1922 The Battle of Harlaw Its True Place in History Inverness via National Library of Scotland a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Munro R Munro J 2008 Ross Family per c 1215 c 1415 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 54308 ISBN 978 0 19 861411 1 Retrieved 5 July 2011 Subscription or UK public library membership required Parker H 2012 In all Gudly Haste The Formation of Marriage in Scotland c 1350 1600 PhD thesis University of Guelph hdl 10214 3481 via The Atrium Paul J B ed 1905 The Scots Peerage Founded on Wood s Edition of Sir Robert Douglas s Peerage of Scotland Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom Vol 2 Edinburgh David Douglas via Internet Archive Paul J B ed 1910 The Scots Peerage Founded on Wood s Edition of Sir Robert Douglas s Peerage of Scotland Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom Vol 7 Edinburgh David Douglas via Internet Archive Ruiter M 2014 Alasdair Mor mac an Righ A Reassessment of Alexander Stewart s Political Disposition During the Reign of Robert II of Scotland Constellations 5 2 1 11 doi 10 29173 cons22034 ISSN 2562 0509 Stevenson K 2014 Power and Propaganda Scotland 1306 1488 The New History of Scotland series vol 3 Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press ISBN 978 0 7486 9419 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mairead inghean Eachainn amp oldid 1147315645, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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