Sultan Mahmud Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah (died 1528) ruled the Sultanate of Malacca from 1488 to 1511, and again as pretender to the throne from 1513 to 1528. He was son to Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah.[1]: 246 As a monarch, he was known to be ruthless ruler. After the capture of Malacca and the downfall of the century long sultanate; Mahmud left for Bintan and became a leader of a small confederacy which led attacks against Portuguese-occupied Malacca in the late 1510s. After retaliation from the Portuguese in 1526, he fled to Riau and died there in 1528.
He had several wives, the most notable being Tun Teja. The sultan was surrounded by able men and warriors such as Hang Tuah, Khoja Hassan and Hang Nadim. He had three sons; Ahmad Shah, Muzaffar and Alauddin Riayat Shah II. Muzaffar and Alauddin Riayat would later form the Perak and Johor Sultanate respectively.
Sultan Mahmud is associated with the Malay legend of Puteri Gunung Ledang which is about his failed courtship of a princess.
Upon his father's premature death, he was installed at a very young age. The regent at that time was the prime minister (bendahara in Malay) Tun Perak. During his initial years as a young adult, the sultan was known to be a ruthless monarch. The administration of the sultanate was in the hands of an able and wise Tun Perak. After the death of Tun Perak in 1498, he was succeeded by the new Bendahara Tun Mutahir. The death of Tun Perak changed Sultan Mahmud into a more responsible ruler, although his rule was turbulent in his twilight years.
It was turbulent since his administration was ineffective and weak, and that Tun Mutahir took bribes and anointed ministers on a whim. This also caused factions amongst the ministers, in which led to Sultan Mahmud executing Tun Mutahir and his entire family due to a certain faction's deception. Sultan Mahmud is also said to have killed Tun Mutahir and the Bendahara's family members because Mutahir did allow Mahmud to marry his daughter, Tun Fatimah. She was later married to Tun Ali. Apart from that, the struggle for power between the ministers ultimately disrupted the unity of the population. The defenses of the sultanate too, deteriorated by the early 16th century due to its army largely consisting of mercenaries who were disloyal to the sultan.[2]
During the Portuguese admiral Diogo Lopes de Sequeira's visit to Malacca from 1509 to 1510, the sultan planned to assassinate him. However, Sequeira learned of this plot and fled Malacca after losing a few followers to the sultan's guards. When the famous Portuguese naval officer Afonso de Albuquerque received word, he decided to utilize this to embark upon his expeditions of conquest in Asia.[3] Malacca was then subsequently attacked by the Portuguese in the Capture of Malacca (1511), during which Mahmud Shah fled across the Malay Peninsula to Pahang on the east coast, where he made a futile effort to enlist Chinese aid.
Mahmud Shah then moved south and with his capital on the island of Bintan (now part of Indonesia), southeast of Singapore, he continued to receive the tribute and allegiance from surrounding states that had rendered him as ruler of Malacca. He became the leader of a Malay Muslim confederacy and launched several unsuccessful attacks against Portuguese-occupied Malacca between 1515 and 1519. In 1526, the Portuguese responded to the threat of Mahmud Shah's forces by destroying his capital at Bintan. Mahmud Shah finally fled to Kampar, Riau, then died two years later in 1528.
SuccessionEdit
Ahmad Shah succeeded his father, Mahmud when Mahmud mistakenly killed the Bendahara Tun Mutahir and the Bendahara's family after Raja Mudaliar accused Mutahir of planning a rebellion. Ahmad Shah was deemed incompetent and was killed by Mahmud Shah himself in 1513 after a failed attempt to retake Malacca from the Portuguese. Mahmud Shah then reclaimed the throne, although by then the Malacca Sultanate had been abolished, making him a pretender.
His son Raja Ali, the future Alauddin Riayat Shah II went on to found the Johor Sultanate, which became a major regional sultanate whose power culminated in the 18th and 19th centuries.[4] His other son, Muzaffar was invited by Perak ministers Tun Saban and Nakhoda Kassim to found the Perak Sultanate.[5]
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Sultan Mahmud Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah died 1528 ruled the Sultanate of Malacca from 1488 to 1511 and again as pretender to the throne from 1513 to 1528 He was son to Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah 1 246 As a monarch he was known to be ruthless ruler After the capture of Malacca and the downfall of the century long sultanate Mahmud left for Bintan and became a leader of a small confederacy which led attacks against Portuguese occupied Malacca in the late 1510s After retaliation from the Portuguese in 1526 he fled to Riau and died there in 1528 Mahmud Shah8th Sultan of MalaccaReignMalacca Sultanate 1488 1511 1513 1528PredecessorAlauddin Riayat ShahSuccessorAhmad ShahDied1528Kampar RiauWivesPrincess of Sultan of PahangPrincess Onang KeningTun Teja Ratna MenggalaTun KuduTun FatimahIssueAlauddin Riayat Shah IIMuzaffar Shah IAhmad Shah lHouseHouse of Malacca JohorFatherAlauddin Riayat ShahReligionSunni IslamHe had several wives the most notable being Tun Teja The sultan was surrounded by able men and warriors such as Hang Tuah Khoja Hassan and Hang Nadim He had three sons Ahmad Shah Muzaffar and Alauddin Riayat Shah II Muzaffar and Alauddin Riayat would later form the Perak and Johor Sultanate respectively Sultan Mahmud is associated with the Malay legend of Puteri Gunung Ledang which is about his failed courtship of a princess Contents 1 Life 1 1 Early years and reign 1 2 Conflicts with the Portuguese 1 3 Succession 2 ReferencesLife EditEarly years and reign Edit Upon his father s premature death he was installed at a very young age The regent at that time was the prime minister bendahara in Malay Tun Perak During his initial years as a young adult the sultan was known to be a ruthless monarch The administration of the sultanate was in the hands of an able and wise Tun Perak After the death of Tun Perak in 1498 he was succeeded by the new Bendahara Tun Mutahir The death of Tun Perak changed Sultan Mahmud into a more responsible ruler although his rule was turbulent in his twilight years It was turbulent since his administration was ineffective and weak and that Tun Mutahir took bribes and anointed ministers on a whim This also caused factions amongst the ministers in which led to Sultan Mahmud executing Tun Mutahir and his entire family due to a certain faction s deception Sultan Mahmud is also said to have killed Tun Mutahir and the Bendahara s family members because Mutahir did allow Mahmud to marry his daughter Tun Fatimah She was later married to Tun Ali Apart from that the struggle for power between the ministers ultimately disrupted the unity of the population The defenses of the sultanate too deteriorated by the early 16th century due to its army largely consisting of mercenaries who were disloyal to the sultan 2 Conflicts with the Portuguese Edit See also Malay Portuguese conflicts During the Portuguese admiral Diogo Lopes de Sequeira s visit to Malacca from 1509 to 1510 the sultan planned to assassinate him However Sequeira learned of this plot and fled Malacca after losing a few followers to the sultan s guards When the famous Portuguese naval officer Afonso de Albuquerque received word he decided to utilize this to embark upon his expeditions of conquest in Asia 3 Malacca was then subsequently attacked by the Portuguese in the Capture of Malacca 1511 during which Mahmud Shah fled across the Malay Peninsula to Pahang on the east coast where he made a futile effort to enlist Chinese aid Mahmud Shah then moved south and with his capital on the island of Bintan now part of Indonesia southeast of Singapore he continued to receive the tribute and allegiance from surrounding states that had rendered him as ruler of Malacca He became the leader of a Malay Muslim confederacy and launched several unsuccessful attacks against Portuguese occupied Malacca between 1515 and 1519 In 1526 the Portuguese responded to the threat of Mahmud Shah s forces by destroying his capital at Bintan Mahmud Shah finally fled to Kampar Riau then died two years later in 1528 Succession Edit Ahmad Shah succeeded his father Mahmud when Mahmud mistakenly killed the Bendahara Tun Mutahir and the Bendahara s family after Raja Mudaliar accused Mutahir of planning a rebellion Ahmad Shah was deemed incompetent and was killed by Mahmud Shah himself in 1513 after a failed attempt to retake Malacca from the Portuguese Mahmud Shah then reclaimed the throne although by then the Malacca Sultanate had been abolished making him a pretender His son Raja Ali the future Alauddin Riayat Shah II went on to found the Johor Sultanate which became a major regional sultanate whose power culminated in the 18th and 19th centuries 4 His other son Muzaffar was invited by Perak ministers Tun Saban and Nakhoda Kassim to found the Perak Sultanate 5 References Edit Cœdes George 1968 The Indianized states of Southeast Asia University of Hawaii Press ISBN 9780824803681 bin Mansor Suffian 2017 Buku Teks Sejarah Tingkatan 2 Kuala Lumpur Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka p 90 ISBN 978 983 49 1647 3 Haywood John 2002 Historical Atlas of the Early Modern World 1492 1783 Barnes amp Noble Books ISBN 0 7607 3204 3 Mahmud Shah sultan of Malacca bin Mansor Suffian 2017 Buku Teks Sejarah Tingkatan 2 Kuala Lumpur Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka p 118 ISBN 978 983 49 1647 3 Mahmud Shah of MalaccaHouse of Malacca Died 1528Regnal titlesPreceded byAlauddin Riayat Shah Sultan of Malacca1488 1511 Succeeded byAhmad ShahRegnal titlesPreceded byNew Creation Sultan of Johor1511 1528 Succeeded byAlauddin Riayat Shah II Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mahmud Shah of Malacca amp oldid 1170836193, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
