fbpx
Wikipedia

Ma'dhar

January 31, 2023

Ma'dhar was a Palestinian village in the Tiberias Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on May 12, 1948, by the Golani Brigade of Operation Gideon. It was located 12.5 km southwest of Tiberias.

Ma'dhar
Etymology: from personal name,[1]
1870s map
1940s map
modern map
1940s with modern overlay map
A series of historical maps of the area around Ma'dhar (click the buttons)
Ma'dhar
Location within Mandatory Palestine
Coordinates: 32°41′35″N 35°27′51″E / 32.69306°N 35.46417°E / 32.69306; 35.46417Coordinates: 32°41′35″N 35°27′51″E / 32.69306°N 35.46417°E / 32.69306; 35.46417
Palestine grid193/233
Geopolitical entityMandatory Palestine
SubdistrictTiberias
Date of depopulationApril 6, 1948[4]
Area
[3]
 • Total11,666 dunams (11.666 km2 or 4.504 sq mi)
Population
 (1945)
 • Total480[2][3]
Cause(s) of depopulationAbandonment on Arab orders
Current LocalitiesKefar Qish[5]

History

Ceramics from the Byzantine era have been found here.[6]

The Crusaders referred to Ma'dhar as Kapharmater.[7]

Ottoman era

Ma'dhar was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and by 1596, it was a village under the administration of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Tiberias, part of Safad Sanjak. The village had a population of 17 households, an estimated 94 inhabitants, all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on wheat, barley, goats, beehives and orchards; a total of 2,000 Akçe.[8][9] A map from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin showed the place, named as Chara, but misplaced.[10]

In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described the village as having about 250 Muslim residents, in a village made of basalt and other stone. Water was supplied from cisterns and springs.[11]

A population list from about 1887 showed Madher to have about 975 inhabitants; all Muslims.[12]

British Mandate era

At the time of the 1922 census of Palestine, Madhar had a population of 347 Muslims,[13] increasing slightly to 359 Muslims living in 91 houses by the 1931 census.[14]

By the 1945 statistics, the village population was 480 Muslims,[2] and the total land area was 11,666 dunums of land.[3] 498 dunams were irrigated or used for orchards, 10,766 used for cereals,[15] while 63 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[16]

Ma'dhar had a school founded by the Ottomans, but closed during the British Mandate period. Ma'dhar contained a mosque and still has the ruins of a church, a burial ground, and ruined Crusader fortress called Casel de Cherio.[7]

Post 1948

In 1992, the village site was described: "The site has been fenced in and is used as an Israeli grazing area. A large cluster of cactus grows in the midst of the stone rubble of houses, and there is a well, capped with a pump, in the center of the site. About 20 m to the west of the well is a drinking trough for animals. Eucalyptus, doum palm, and chinaberry trees grow on the site."[5]

References

  1. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 130
  2. ^ a b Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 12
  3. ^ a b c Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 72
  4. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xvii, village #105. Also gives cause of depopulation
  5. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 529
  6. ^ Dauphin, 1998, pp. 729–730
  7. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 528
  8. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 190. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 528
  9. ^ Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 2019-04-20 at the Wayback Machine writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
  10. ^ Karmon, 1960, p. 167.
  11. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 361. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 528
  12. ^ Schumacher, 1888, p. 186
  13. ^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, p. 39
  14. ^ Mills, 1932, p.83
  15. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 122
  16. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 172

Bibliography

  • Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
  • Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Dauphin, C. (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations. BAR International Series 726 (in French). Vol. III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. ISBN 0-860549-05-4.
  • Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
  • Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
  • Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
  • Karmon, Y. (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine" (PDF). Israel Exploration Journal. 10 (3, 4): 155–173, 244–253.
  • Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
  • Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
  • Morris, B. (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
  • Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Rhode, H. (1979). Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century. Columbia University.
  • Schumacher, G. (1888). "Population list of the Liwa of Akka". Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 20: 169–191.
  • Thomson, W.M. (1882). The Land and the Book: Or, Biblical Illustrations Drawn from the Manners and Customs, the Scenes and Scenery, of the Holy Land: Central Palestine and Phænicia. Vol. 2. New York: Harper & brothers. (Thomson, 1882, p. 329)

External links

  • Welcome To Ma'dhar
  • Ma'dhar, Zochrot
  • Survey of Western Palestine, Map 6: , Wikimedia commons

January 31, 2023
dhar, palestinian, village, tiberias, subdistrict, depopulated, during, 1947, 1948, civil, mandatory, palestine, 1948, golani, brigade, operation, gideon, located, southwest, tiberias, etymology, from, personal, name, 1870s, 1940s, modern, 1940s, with, modern,. Ma dhar was a Palestinian village in the Tiberias Subdistrict It was depopulated during the 1947 1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on May 12 1948 by the Golani Brigade of Operation Gideon It was located 12 5 km southwest of Tiberias Ma dharEtymology from personal name 1 1870s map 1940s map modern map 1940s with modern overlay mapA series of historical maps of the area around Ma dhar click the buttons Ma dharLocation within Mandatory PalestineCoordinates 32 41 35 N 35 27 51 E 32 69306 N 35 46417 E 32 69306 35 46417 Coordinates 32 41 35 N 35 27 51 E 32 69306 N 35 46417 E 32 69306 35 46417Palestine grid193 233Geopolitical entityMandatory PalestineSubdistrictTiberiasDate of depopulationApril 6 1948 4 Area 3 Total11 666 dunams 11 666 km2 or 4 504 sq mi Population 1945 Total480 2 3 Cause s of depopulationAbandonment on Arab ordersCurrent LocalitiesKefar Qish 5 Contents 1 History 1 1 Ottoman era 1 2 British Mandate era 2 Post 1948 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 External linksHistory EditCeramics from the Byzantine era have been found here 6 The Crusaders referred to Ma dhar as Kapharmater 7 Ottoman era Edit Ma dhar was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 and by 1596 it was a village under the administration of the nahiya subdistrict of Tiberias part of Safad Sanjak The village had a population of 17 households an estimated 94 inhabitants all Muslim The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25 on wheat barley goats beehives and orchards a total of 2 000 Akce 8 9 A map from Napoleon s invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin showed the place named as Chara but misplaced 10 In 1881 the PEF s Survey of Western Palestine SWP described the village as having about 250 Muslim residents in a village made of basalt and other stone Water was supplied from cisterns and springs 11 A population list from about 1887 showed Madher to have about 975 inhabitants all Muslims 12 British Mandate era Edit At the time of the 1922 census of Palestine Madhar had a population of 347 Muslims 13 increasing slightly to 359 Muslims living in 91 houses by the 1931 census 14 By the 1945 statistics the village population was 480 Muslims 2 and the total land area was 11 666 dunums of land 3 498 dunams were irrigated or used for orchards 10 766 used for cereals 15 while 63 dunams were built up urban land 16 Ma dhar had a school founded by the Ottomans but closed during the British Mandate period Ma dhar contained a mosque and still has the ruins of a church a burial ground and ruined Crusader fortress called Casel de Cherio 7 Post 1948 EditIn 1992 the village site was described The site has been fenced in and is used as an Israeli grazing area A large cluster of cactus grows in the midst of the stone rubble of houses and there is a well capped with a pump in the center of the site About 20 m to the west of the well is a drinking trough for animals Eucalyptus doum palm and chinaberry trees grow on the site 5 References Edit Palmer 1881 p 130 a b Department of Statistics 1945 p 12 a b c Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 72 Morris 2004 p xvii village 105 Also gives cause of depopulation a b Khalidi 1992 p 529 Dauphin 1998 pp 729 730 a b Khalidi 1992 p 528 Hutteroth and Abdulfattah 1977 p 190 Quoted in Khalidi 1992 p 528 Note that Rhode 1979 p 6 Archived 2019 04 20 at the Wayback Machine writes that the register that Hutteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595 6 but from 1548 9 Karmon 1960 p 167 Conder and Kitchener 1881 SWP I p 361 Quoted in Khalidi 1992 p 528 Schumacher 1888 p 186 Barron 1923 Table XI p 39 Mills 1932 p 83 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 122 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 172Bibliography EditBarron J B ed 1923 Palestine Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 Government of Palestine Conder C R Kitchener H H 1881 The Survey of Western Palestine Memoirs of the Topography Orography Hydrography and Archaeology Vol 1 London Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund Dauphin C 1998 La Palestine byzantine Peuplement et Populations BAR International Series 726 in French Vol III Catalogue Oxford Archeopress ISBN 0 860549 05 4 Department of Statistics 1945 Village Statistics April 1945 Government of Palestine Hadawi S 1970 Village Statistics of 1945 A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center Hutteroth Wolf Dieter Abdulfattah Kamal 1977 Historical Geography of Palestine Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten Sonderband 5 Erlangen Germany Vorstand der Frankischen Geographischen Gesellschaft ISBN 3 920405 41 2 Karmon Y 1960 An Analysis of Jacotin s Map of Palestine PDF Israel Exploration Journal 10 3 4 155 173 244 253 Khalidi W 1992 All That Remains The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948 Washington D C Institute for Palestine Studies ISBN 0 88728 224 5 Mills E ed 1932 Census of Palestine 1931 Population of Villages Towns and Administrative Areas Jerusalem Government of Palestine Morris B 2004 The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 00967 6 Palmer E H 1881 The Survey of Western Palestine Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener R E Transliterated and Explained by E H Palmer Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund Rhode H 1979 Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century Columbia University Schumacher G 1888 Population list of the Liwa of Akka Quarterly Statement Palestine Exploration Fund 20 169 191 Thomson W M 1882 The Land and the Book Or Biblical Illustrations Drawn from the Manners and Customs the Scenes and Scenery of the Holy Land Central Palestine and Phaenicia Vol 2 New York Harper amp brothers Thomson 1882 p 329 External links EditWelcome To Ma dhar Ma dhar Zochrot Survey of Western Palestine Map 6 IAA Wikimedia commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ma 27dhar amp oldid 1089451258, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.