Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M₄

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M₄, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4 (CHRM4), is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CHRM4 gene.^[5][6]

CHRM4
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 5DSG
Identifiers
Aliases	CHRM4, HM4, M4R, cholinergic receptor muscarinic 4
External IDs	OMIM: 118495 MGI: 88399 HomoloGene: 20192 GeneCards: CHRM4
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 11 (human)^[1] Band 11p11.2 Start 46,383,789 bp^[1] End 46,391,776 bp^[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse)^[2] Band 2 E1|2 50.63 cM Start 91,757,594 bp^[2] End 91,759,033 bp^[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in caudate nucleus putamen nucleus accumbens spleen prefrontal cortex Brodmann area 9 islet of Langerhans skin of abdomen amygdala anterior pituitary Top expressed in superior frontal gyrus pretectal area spermatid secondary oocyte meninges olfactory bulb neural tube cerebellar cortex yolk sac hippocampus proper More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function G protein-coupled receptor activity signal transducer activity G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity neurotransmitter receptor activity Cellular component integral component of membrane postsynaptic membrane membrane plasma membrane synapse integral component of plasma membrane cell junction dendrite Biological process G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway regulation of locomotion synaptic transmission, cholinergic cell surface receptor signaling pathway adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway cell population proliferation signal transduction G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger chemical synaptic transmission G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1132 12672 Ensembl ENSG00000180720 ENSMUSG00000040495 UniProt P08173 P32211 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000741 NM_001366692 NM_007699 RefSeq (protein) NP_000732 NP_001353621 NP_031725 Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 46.38 – 46.39 Mb Chr 2: 91.76 – 91.76 Mb PubMed search ^[3] ^[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

M₄ muscarinic receptors are coupled to G_i/o heterotrimeric proteins.^[7]

They function as inhibitory autoreceptors for acetylcholine. Activation of M₄ receptors inhibits acetylcholine release in the striatum. The M₂ subtype of acetylcholine receptor functions similarly as an inhibitory autoreceptor to acetylcholine release, albeit functioning actively primarily in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors possess a regulatory effect on dopaminergic neurotransmission. Activation of M₄ receptors in the striatum inhibit D₁-induced locomotor stimulation in mice. M₄ receptor-deficient mice exhibit increased locomotor simulation in response to D₁ agonists, amphetamine and cocaine.^[8][9][10] Neurotransmission in the striatum influences extrapyramidal motor control, thus alterations in M₄ activity may contribute to conditions such as Parkinson's disease.^[11][12][13]

Ligands

Orthosteric agonists

• acetylcholine
• carbachol
• oxotremorine

 

VU-0152100

Positive allosteric modulators

• LY-2033298 ^[14]
• VU-0152100 (ML-108) ^{[15][16][17][18][19][20]}
• VU-0152099 ^[15]

Antagonists

• AFDX-384 (mixed M2/M4 antagonist, N-[2-[2-[(Dipropylamino)methyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethyl]-5,6-dihydro-6-oxo-11H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepine-11-carboxamide, CAS# 118290-27-0)
• Dicycloverine^[21]
• Himbacine
• Mamba toxin 3^[22]
• PD-102,807 (3,6a,11,14-Tetrahydro-9-methoxy-2-methyl-(12H)-isoquino[1,2-b]pyrrolo[3,2-f][1,3]benzoxazine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, CAS# 23062-91-1)
• PD-0298029
• Tropicamide - moderate selectivity over other muscarinic subtypes (2-5x approx)^[23]
• Diphenhydramine

See also

• Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000180720 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000040495 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: CHRM4 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4".
6. Grewal RP, Martinez M, Hoehe M, Bonner TI, Gershon ES, Detera-Wadleigh S (May 1992). "Genetic linkage mapping of the m4 human muscarinic receptor (CHRM4)". Genomics. 13 (1): 239–40. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90236-L. PMID 1577490.
7. Qin K, Dong C, Wu G, Lambert NA (2011). "Inactive-state preassembly of G(q)-coupled receptors and G(q) heterotrimers". Nat. Chem. Biol. 7 (10): 740–7. doi:10.1038/nchembio.642. PMC 3177959. PMID 21873996.
8. Gomeza J, Zhang L, Kostenis E, Felder C, Bymaster F, Brodkin J, Shannon H, Xia B, Deng C, Wess J (August 1999). "Enhancement of D1 dopamine receptor-mediated locomotor stimulation in M(4) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor knockout mice". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (18): 10483–8. Bibcode:1999PNAS...9610483G. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.18.10483. PMC 17915. PMID 10468635.
9. Jeon J, Dencker D, Wörtwein G, Woldbye DP, Cui Y, Davis AA, Levey AI, Schütz G, Sager TN, Mørk A, Li C, Deng CX, Fink-Jensen A, Wess J (February 2010). "A subpopulation of neuronal M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors plays a critical role in modulating dopamine-dependent behaviors". J. Neurosci. 30 (6): 2396–405. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3843-09.2010. PMC 2824442. PMID 20147565.
10. Schmidt LS, Thomsen M, Weikop P, Dencker D, Wess J, Woldbye DP, Wortwein G, Fink-Jensen A (2011). "Increased cocaine self-administration in M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor knockout mice". Psychopharmacology. 216 (3): 367–378. doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2225-4. PMC 3899540. PMID 21373792.
11. Langmead CJ, Watson J, Reavill C (February 2008). "Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors as CNS drug targets". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 117 (2): 232–43. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.09.009. PMID 18082893.
12. Stein IS, Hell JW (June 2010). "CaMKII hunkers down on the muscarinic M4 receptor to help curb cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion". The EMBO Journal. 29 (12): 1943–5. doi:10.1038/emboj.2010.105. PMC 2892364. PMID 20551968.
13. Guo ML, Mao LM, Wang JQ (December 2010). "Modulation of M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors by interacting proteins". Neuroscience Bulletin. 26 (6): 469–73. doi:10.1007/s12264-010-0933-0. PMC 3139403. PMID 21113197.
14. Chan WY, McKinzie DL, Bose S, Mitchell SN, Witkin JM, Thompson RC, Christopoulos A, Lazareno S, Birdsall NJ, Bymaster FP, Felder CC (2008). "Allosteric modulation of the muscarinic M4 receptor as an approach to treating schizophrenia". PNAS. 105 (31): 10978–83. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10510978C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0800567105. PMC 2495016. PMID 18678919.
15. Brady AE, Jones CK, Bridges TM, Kennedy JP, Thompson AD, Heiman JU, Breininger ML, Gentry PR, Yin H, Jadhav SB, Shirey JK, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW (2008). "Centrally active allosteric potentiators of the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor reverse amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotor activity in rats". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 327 (3): 941–53. doi:10.1124/jpet.108.140350. PMC 2745822. PMID 18772318.
16. Dencker D, Weikop P, Sørensen G, et al. (2012). "An allosteric enhancer of M₄ muscarinic acetylcholine receptor function inhibits behavioral and neurochemical effects of cocaine". Psychopharmacology. 224 (2): 277–87. doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2751-8. PMC 3914671. PMID 22648127.
17. Byun NE, Grannan M, Bubser M, et al. (2014). "Antipsychotic drug-like effects of the selective M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor positive allosteric modulator VU0152100". Neuropsychopharmacology. 39 (7): 1578–93. doi:10.1038/npp.2014.2. PMC 4023154. PMID 24442096.
18. Galloway CR, Lebois EP, Shagarabi SL, Hernandez NA, Manns JR (2014). "Effects of selective activation of M1 and M4 muscarinic receptors on object recognition memory performance in rats". Pharmacology. 93 (1–2): 57–64. doi:10.1159/000357682. PMID 24480931. S2CID 10402346.
19. Pancani T, Bolarinwa C, Smith Y, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Xiang Z (2014). "M4 mAChR-mediated modulation of glutamatergic transmission at corticostriatal synapses". ACS Chem Neurosci. 5 (4): 318–24. doi:10.1021/cn500003z. PMC 3990947. PMID 24528004.
20. Huynh T, Valant C, Crosby IT, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A, Capuano B (2013). "Probing structural requirements of positive allosteric modulators of the M4 muscarinic receptor". J. Med. Chem. 56 (20): 8196–200. doi:10.1021/jm401032k. PMID 24074052.
21. Teaktong T, Piggott MA, Mckeith IG, Perry RH, Ballard CG, Perry EK (June 2005). "Muscarinic M2 and M4 receptors in anterior cingulate cortex: relation to neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies". Behavioural Brain Research. 161 (2): 299–305. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2005.02.019. PMID 15922057. S2CID 34247659.
22. "Muscarinic toxin 3 - Dendroaspis angusticeps (Eastern green mamba)".
23. Lazareno S, Buckley NJ, Roberts FF (December 1990). "Characterization of muscarinic M4 binding sites in rabbit lung, chicken heart, and NG108-15 cells". Molecular Pharmacology. 38 (6): 805–15. PMID 2250662.

Further reading

• Goyal RK (1989). "Muscarinic receptor subtypes. Physiology and clinical implications". N. Engl. J. Med. 321 (15): 1022–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM198910123211506. PMID 2674717.
• Brann MR, Ellis J, Jørgensen H, Hill-Eubanks D, Jones SV (1993). "Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes: localization and structure/function". Prog. Brain Res. 98: 121–7. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)62388-2. PMID 8248499.
• Grewal RP, Martinez M, Hoehe M, Bonner TI, Gershon ES, Detera-Wadleigh S (1992). "Genetic linkage mapping of the m4 human muscarinic receptor (CHRM4)". Genomics. 13 (1): 239–40. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90236-L. PMID 1577490.
• Detera-Wadleigh SD, Wiesch D, Bonner TI (1989). "An SstI polymorphism for the human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor gene, m4 (CHRM 4)". Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (15): 6431. doi:10.1093/nar/17.15.6431. PMC 318330. PMID 2570410.
• Ashkenazi A, Ramachandran J, Capon DJ (1989). "Acetylcholine analogue stimulates DNA synthesis in brain-derived cells via specific muscarinic receptor subtypes". Nature. 340 (6229): 146–50. Bibcode:1989Natur.340..146A. doi:10.1038/340146a0. PMID 2739737. S2CID 4312544.
• Bonner TI, Buckley NJ, Young AC, Brann MR (1987). "Identification of a family of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes". Science. 237 (4814): 527–32. Bibcode:1987Sci...237..527B. doi:10.1126/science.3037705. PMID 3037705.
• Bonner TI, Young AC, Brann MR, Buckley NJ (1990). "Cloning and expression of the human and rat m5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes". Neuron. 1 (5): 403–10. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(88)90190-0. PMID 3272174. S2CID 833230.
• Peralta EG, Ashkenazi A, Winslow JW, Smith DH, Ramachandran J, Capon DJ (1988). "Distinct primary structures, ligand-binding properties and tissue-specific expression of four human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors". EMBO J. 6 (13): 3923–9. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02733.x. PMC 553870. PMID 3443095.
• van Koppen CJ, Lenz W, Nathanson NM (1993). "Isolation, sequence and functional expression of the mouse m4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor gene". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1173 (3): 342–4. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(93)90135-z. PMID 7916637.
• Haga K, Kameyama K, Haga T, Kikkawa U, Shiozaki K, Uchiyama H (1996). "Phosphorylation of human m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and protein kinase C." J. Biol. Chem. 271 (5): 2776–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.5.2776. PMID 8576254.
• von der Kammer H, Mayhaus M, Albrecht C, Enderich J, Wegner M, Nitsch RM (1998). "Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors activate expression of the EGR gene family of transcription factors". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (23): 14538–44. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.23.14538. PMID 9603968.
• Oldenhof J, Vickery R, Anafi M, Oak J, Ray A, Schoots O, Pawson T, von Zastrow M, Van Tol HH (1998). "SH3 binding domains in the dopamine D4 receptor" (PDF). Biochemistry. 37 (45): 15726–36. doi:10.1021/bi981634+. PMID 9843378.
• Sato KZ, Fujii T, Watanabe Y, Yamada S, Ando T, Kazuko F, Kawashima K (1999). "Diversity of mRNA expression for muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in human mononuclear leukocytes and leukemic cell lines". Neurosci. Lett. 266 (1): 17–20. doi:10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00259-1. PMID 10336173. S2CID 43548155.
• Dias Neto E, Correa RG, Verjovski-Almeida S, Briones MR, Nagai MA, da Silva W, Zago MA, Bordin S, Costa FF, Goldman GH, Carvalho AF, Matsukuma A, Baia GS, Simpson DH, Brunstein A, de Oliveira PS, Bucher P, Jongeneel CV, O'Hare MJ, Soares F, Brentani RR, Reis LF, de Souza SJ, Simpson AJ (2000). "Shotgun sequencing of the human transcriptome with ORF expressed sequence tags". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (7): 3491–6. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.3491D. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.7.3491. PMC 16267. PMID 10737800.
• Wang H, Han H, Zhang L, Shi H, Schram G, Nattel S, Wang Z (2001). "Expression of multiple subtypes of muscarinic receptors and cellular distribution in the human heart". Mol. Pharmacol. 59 (5): 1029–36. doi:10.1124/mol.59.5.1029. PMID 11306684.
• Buchli R, Ndoye A, Arredondo J, Webber RJ, Grando SA (2002). "Identification and characterization of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes expressed in human skin melanocytes". Mol. Cell. Biochem. 228 (1–2): 57–72. doi:10.1023/A:1013368509855. PMID 11855742. S2CID 10788646.
• McClatchy DB, Knudsen CR, Clark BF, Kahn RA, Hall RA, Levey AI (2002). "Novel interaction between the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and elongation factor 1A2". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (32): 29268–74. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203081200. PMID 12048193.
• Dean B, McLeod M, Keriakous D, McKenzie J, Scarr E (2003). "Decreased muscarinic1 receptors in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia". Mol. Psychiatry. 7 (10): 1083–91. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001199. PMID 12476323.

External links

• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P08173 (Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4) at the PDBe-KB.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.