Māna (Sanskrit, Pali; Tibetan: nga rgyal) is a Buddhist term that may be translated as "pride", "arrogance", or "conceit". It is defined as an inflated mind that makes whatever is suitable, such as wealth or learning, to be the foundation of pride.[1] It creates the basis for disrespecting others and for the occurrence of suffering.[2]
There is conceit or pride when we consider ourselves important. Because of conceit we may compare ourselves with others. There can be conceit when we think ourselves better, equal or less than someone else. We may believe that there can be conceit only when we think ourselves better than someone else, but this is not so. There can be a kind of upholding of ourselves, of making ourselves important, while we compare ourselves with someone else, no matter in what way, and that is conceit.[3]
The Atthasālinī (II, Part IX, Chapter III, 256) gives the following definition of conceit:
...Herein conceit is fancying (deeming, vain imagining). It has haughtiness as characteristic, self-praise as function, desire to (advertise self like) a banner as manifestation, greed dissociated from opinionatedness as proximate cause, and should be regarded as (a form of) lunacy.[3]
What is arrogance? It is an inflated mind as to what is perishable and its function is to serve as the basis for disrespect and frustrations.[1]
Herbert Guenther explains:
Arrogance is a mental event which is a kind of inflated mind making whatever is suitable, such as wealth or learning, to be the foundation of pride.[1]
Alexander Berzin explains:
Arrogance (nga-rgyal, pride) is a puffed-up mind (khengs-pa) based on a deluded outlook toward a transitory network (‘jig-lta). [...] It functions to make us not appreciate others or respect the good qualities of others (mi-gus-pa) and to prevent us from learning anything.[4]
The Mahayana tradition identifies seven types of arrogance:[1][4]
Arrogance (nga-rgyal) is a puffed-up mind that feels one is better than someone who has inferior qualities.
Exaggerated arrogance (lhag-pa’i nga-rgyal) is a puffed-up mind that feels one is better than one's peers (someone equal to oneself in some quality).
Outrageous arrogance (nga-rgyal-las-kyang nga-rgyal) is a puffed-up mind that feels one is better than someone superior to oneself in some quality.
Egotistic arrogance (nga’o snyam-pa’i nga-rgyal) is a puffed-up mind that thinks “me” while focusing on our own samsara-perpetuating aggregates (nyer-len-gyi phung-po).
False or anticipatory arrogance or arrogance of showing off (mngon-par nga-rgyal) is a puffed-up mind that feels I have attained some quality that I have not actually attained or not yet attained; or thinking one has achievements when one has achieved nothing.
Modest arrogance or arrogance of thinking small (cung-zad snyam-pa’i nga-rgyal) is a puffed-up mind that feels that I am just a little bit inferior compared to someone vastly superior to myself in some quality, but still superior to almost everyone else.
Distorted arrogance or perverted arrogance (log-pa’i nga-rgyal) is a puffed-up mind that feels that some deviant aspect that I have fallen to (khol-sar shor-ba) is a good quality that I have attained—for instance, being a good hunter.
Berzin, Alexander (2006), Primary Minds and the 51 Mental Factors
Goleman, Daniel (2008). Destructive Emotions: A Scientific Dialogue with the Dalai Lama. Bantam. Kindle Edition.
Guenther, Herbert V. & Leslie S. Kawamura (1975), Mind in Buddhist Psychology: A Translation of Ye-shes rgyal-mtshan's "The Necklace of Clear Understanding" Dharma Publishing. Kindle Edition.
Kunsang, Erik Pema (translator) (2004). Gateway to Knowledge, Vol. 1. North Atlantic Books.
māna, sanskrit, pali, tibetan, rgyal, buddhist, term, that, translated, pride, arrogance, conceit, defined, inflated, mind, that, makes, whatever, suitable, such, wealth, learning, foundation, pride, creates, basis, disrespecting, others, occurrence, suffering. Mana Sanskrit Pali Tibetan nga rgyal is a Buddhist term that may be translated as pride arrogance or conceit It is defined as an inflated mind that makes whatever is suitable such as wealth or learning to be the foundation of pride 1 It creates the basis for disrespecting others and for the occurrence of suffering 2 Translations ofmanaEnglishpride arroganceconceitSanskritmanaBurmeseမ န MLCTS mana Chinese慢 T 慢 S Japanese慢 Rōmaji Man Korean만 RR man Monမ န man Shanမ ၼ maa2 naa5 Tibetanང ར ལ Wylie nga rgyal THL ngagyal ThaimanaVietnameseMạnGlossary of Buddhism Mana is identified as One of the five poisons within the Mahayana Buddhist tradition One of the six root unwholesome mental factors within the Mahayana Abhidharma teachings One of the fourteen unwholesome mental factors within the Theravada Abhidhamma teachings One of the ten fetters in the Theravada tradition Contents 1 Explanations 1 1 Theravada 1 2 Mahayana 2 See also 3 References 4 Sources 5 External linksExplanations editTheravada edit Nina van Gorkom explains There is conceit or pride when we consider ourselves important Because of conceit we may compare ourselves with others There can be conceit when we think ourselves better equal or less than someone else We may believe that there can be conceit only when we think ourselves better than someone else but this is not so There can be a kind of upholding of ourselves of making ourselves important while we compare ourselves with someone else no matter in what way and that is conceit 3 The Atthasalini II Part IX Chapter III 256 gives the following definition of conceit Herein conceit is fancying deeming vain imagining It has haughtiness as characteristic self praise as function desire to advertise self like a banner as manifestation greed dissociated from opinionatedness as proximate cause and should be regarded as a form of lunacy 3 Mahayana edit The Abhidharma samuccaya states What is arrogance It is an inflated mind as to what is perishable and its function is to serve as the basis for disrespect and frustrations 1 Herbert Guenther explains Arrogance is a mental event which is a kind of inflated mind making whatever is suitable such as wealth or learning to be the foundation of pride 1 Alexander Berzin explains Arrogance nga rgyal pride is a puffed up mind khengs pa based on a deluded outlook toward a transitory network jig lta It functions to make us not appreciate others or respect the good qualities of others mi gus pa and to prevent us from learning anything 4 The Mahayana tradition identifies seven types of arrogance 1 4 Arrogance nga rgyal is a puffed up mind that feels one is better than someone who has inferior qualities Exaggerated arrogance lhag pa i nga rgyal is a puffed up mind that feels one is better than one s peers someone equal to oneself in some quality Outrageous arrogance nga rgyal las kyang nga rgyal is a puffed up mind that feels one is better than someone superior to oneself in some quality Egotistic arrogance nga o snyam pa i nga rgyal is a puffed up mind that thinks me while focusing on our own samsara perpetuating aggregates nyer len gyi phung po False or anticipatory arrogance or arrogance of showing off mngon par nga rgyal is a puffed up mind that feels I have attained some quality that I have not actually attained or not yet attained or thinking one has achievements when one has achieved nothing Modest arrogance or arrogance of thinking small cung zad snyam pa i nga rgyal is a puffed up mind that feels that I am just a little bit inferior compared to someone vastly superior to myself in some quality but still superior to almost everyone else Distorted arrogance or perverted arrogance log pa i nga rgyal is a puffed up mind that feels that some deviant aspect that I have fallen to khol sar shor ba is a good quality that I have attained for instance being a good hunter See also editKarma in Buddhism Kleshas Buddhism Mental factors Buddhism References edit a b c d Guenther 1975 Kindle Locations 744 746 Kunsang 2004 p 26 a b Gorkom 2010 Definition of conceit a b Berzin 2006 Sources editBerzin Alexander 2006 Primary Minds and the 51 Mental Factors Goleman Daniel 2008 Destructive Emotions A Scientific Dialogue with the Dalai Lama Bantam Kindle Edition Guenther Herbert V amp Leslie S Kawamura 1975 Mind in Buddhist Psychology A Translation of Ye shes rgyal mtshan s The Necklace of Clear Understanding Dharma Publishing Kindle Edition Kunsang Erik Pema translator 2004 Gateway to Knowledge Vol 1 North Atlantic Books Nina van Gorkom 2010 Cetasikas Zolag Ranjung Yeshe Wiki Dharma Dictionary http rywiki tsadra org index php nga rgyalExternal links editDefinition of conceit Nina van Gorkom Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mana amp oldid 1061568044, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
