The Mönchsberg shapes Salzburg's historic townscape with its long drawn back consisting of conglomerate (Nagelfluh). The massif is a solidified river crushed stone, deposed as a delta into the interglacial see (Mindel-Riss Interglacial), which was not cleared away thereafter by the glaciers protected from the hard limestone of the adjacent Festungsberg and so remained.[citation needed]
Water ingressing into numerous bursts and cleavages can lead to falling stones and demolition of whole rock sections: In the early morning of 16 July 1669 tons of rock fell off the mountain on the Gstättengasse street below, killing about 230 citizens in their sleep by destroying two churches, a seminary and 13 houses. Since then there is the office of a Bergputzer (mountain inspector), filled by mountaineers who regularly and since 1778 annually dispose loose rocks and prove the condition of the mountain surface to examine. Thus a new disaster could be prevented.[citation needed]
Sigmundstor, eastern entrance
Historyedit
Driven into the walls of rock above of the St Peter's Cemetery, established about 700, are Early Christian hermitages, called Katakomben (catacombs), which however never were funeral places.[citation needed]
Between 1137 and 1143, the Archbishop of Salzburg had the Stiftsarm branch of the Almkanal [de] tunnelled through the mountain, in order to lead the waters into the city. This early adit system can be visited during the annual Almabkehr in September.[3]
The Sigmundstor (colloquially Neutor) city gate, a 131 m (430 ft) long tunnel with elaborate Baroque portals, was built from 1764 to 1766 through the mountain at the behest of Archbishop Sigismund von Schrattenbach; it is today one of the oldest street tunnels in Central Europe.[4][5][6]
Large air-raid shelters in the mountain were built during World War II. After 1970 some of these were enlarged to an underground car park for more than 1400 vehicles.[citation needed]
Mönchsberg todayedit
The Mönchsberg plateau offers a small-scale change of forests and meadows and therefore is a popular local recreation area for the Salzburg citizens and tourists.[1] Castles on the Mönchsberg include:
The Johannesschlössl, rebuilt by Archbishop Wolf Dietrich Raitenau around 1590, since 1926 a guest house of the Catholic Pallotine order.
The archiepiscopal Marketenderschlössl, also held by the Pallottines and since 1960 a study centre run by the University of Redlands, California
Schloss Mönchstein, which had been held by the Benedictine University of Salzburg, has been a hotel since 1948.
The Kupelwieserschlössl, where the Austrian writer Peter Handke lived from 1979 to 1988. He described a walk over the Mönchsberg in his novella Nachmittag eines Schriftstellers (“afternoon of a writer”).
View from the Mönchsberg over the old town to Hohensalzburg
The Richterhöhe, which makes an excellent prospect on the south of the city and the mountain chain of the alps behind it. The fort structures are documented were first documented in 1278. Prince-archbishop Paris von Lodron strengthened it during the Thirty Years' War.
The Bürgerwehr was established about 1487/88 with 4 towers as part of the city walls and was extended with another 4 towers after 1500.
The Müllner Schanze with the military towers of the Augustinerpforte and Monikapforte were built by Archbishop Paris von Lodron in the years 1621 to 1644 as a three-step fortress and a part of the new city wall.
The Humboldtterrasse, a fortification structure also erected under Paris von Lodron, offers a unique panorama toward the Salzburg old town. It was originally called Klausenkavalier and is today named after Alexander von Humboldt, who allegedly once called the areas of Salzburg, Naples and Constantinople the “most beautiful on earth”.
The top of the Mönchsberg since 2004 is the second location of the Salzburg Museum of Modern Art. It used to be the site of the Grand Café Winkler, a popular restaurant destination, and the Salzburg Casino. Since 1890 visitors can reach the place with an elevator in the mountain. The panorama terrace adjacent to the museum is a much visited point with a view all over the old town.
Not only due to Peter Handke's stay, the Mönchsberg is frequently called the “mountain of writers”: It plays a significant role in the autobiographic work of Thomas Bernhard, but often not in the positive sense. It applies to him as „the suicide mountain“. The Austrian author Gerhard Amanshauser also was among the inhabitants of the Mönchsberg. In his autobiography “as a barbarian in the Prater” the mountain and the near Festungsberg is important.[citation needed]
Katrin Hauer: Der Bergsturz des Mönchsbergs in der Stadt Salzburg von 1669. Wahrnehmung, Deutung und Bewältigung, in: Historische Sozialkunde, Themenheft 2/2008: Naturkatastrophen (Hg. Christian Rohr), Wien 2008, 21-31.
Reinhard Medicus: Der Mönchsberg in Natur- und Kulturgeschichte, in: Der Gardist - Jahresschrift der Bürgergarde der Stadt Salzburg, 23. Jahrgang, 2003
Reinhard Medicus: Die Felsen des Mönchsbergs und ihre Geschichte, in: Bastei - Zeitschrift für die Erhaltung von Bauten Kultur und Gesellschaft, 53. Jahrgang, 3. Folge, Salzburg, 2004
Reinhard Medicus: Dreißigjähriger Krieg und Müllner Schanze - Rekonstruktion einer Wehranlage , in: Bastei - Zeitschrift für die Erhaltung von Bauten Kultur und Gesellschaft, 54. Jahrgang, 1. Folge, Salzburg, 2005
Reinhard Medicus: Die alte Bürgerwehr am Mönchsberg und ihre Geschichte, in: Bastei - Zeitschrift für die Erhaltung von Bauten Kultur und Gesellschaft, 53. Jahrgang, 2. Folge, Salzburg, 2004
Referencesedit
^ abc"Mönchsberg". www.salzburg.info. Tourismus Salzburg GmbH. from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
^Map “UNESCO World Heritage property, Historic Centre of the city of Salzburg 1996” (Map). 1:5000. UNESCO. from the original on 2 September 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
^"Almkanal". www.stadt-salzburg.at (in German). City of Strasburg. from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
^"Sigmundstor". structurae.net. Structurae.net. from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
^"Connecting Salzburg: Sigmundstor Tunnel". visit-salzburg.net. visit-salzburg.net. from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
^"Te saxa loquuntur – Von Dir sprechen die Steine: Das Salzburger Neutor" [The stones speak of you: The Salzburg Neutor]. bda.gv.at (in German). Bundesdenkmalamt. from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
April 11, 2024
mönchsberg, meters, above, level, five, mountains, city, salzburg, austria, flanks, western, side, salzburg, historic, city, centre, forms, part, city, unesco, world, heritage, site, view, from, hohensalzburg, fortressit, named, after, benedictine, monks, pete. The Monchsberg at 508 meters 1 667 ft above sea level is one of five mountains in the city of Salzburg in Austria It flanks the western side of Salzburg s historic city centre and forms part of the city s UNESCO World Heritage Site 1 2 View from Hohensalzburg FortressIt is named after the Benedictine monks of St Peter s Abbey at the northern foot of the mountain 1 Contents 1 Geology 2 History 3 Monchsberg today 4 Mountains of Salzburg 5 Literature in German 6 ReferencesGeology editThe Monchsberg shapes Salzburg s historic townscape with its long drawn back consisting of conglomerate Nagelfluh The massif is a solidified river crushed stone deposed as a delta into the interglacial see Mindel Riss Interglacial which was not cleared away thereafter by the glaciers protected from the hard limestone of the adjacent Festungsberg and so remained citation needed Water ingressing into numerous bursts and cleavages can lead to falling stones and demolition of whole rock sections In the early morning of 16 July 1669 tons of rock fell off the mountain on the Gstattengasse street below killing about 230 citizens in their sleep by destroying two churches a seminary and 13 houses Since then there is the office of a Bergputzer mountain inspector filled by mountaineers who regularly and since 1778 annually dispose loose rocks and prove the condition of the mountain surface to examine Thus a new disaster could be prevented citation needed nbsp Sigmundstor eastern entranceHistory editDriven into the walls of rock above of the St Peter s Cemetery established about 700 are Early Christian hermitages called Katakomben catacombs which however never were funeral places citation needed Between 1137 and 1143 the Archbishop of Salzburg had the Stiftsarm branch of the Almkanal de tunnelled through the mountain in order to lead the waters into the city This early adit system can be visited during the annual Almabkehr in September 3 The Sigmundstor colloquially Neutor city gate a 131 m 430 ft long tunnel with elaborate Baroque portals was built from 1764 to 1766 through the mountain at the behest of Archbishop Sigismund von Schrattenbach it is today one of the oldest street tunnels in Central Europe 4 5 6 Large air raid shelters in the mountain were built during World War II After 1970 some of these were enlarged to an underground car park for more than 1400 vehicles citation needed Monchsberg today editThe Monchsberg plateau offers a small scale change of forests and meadows and therefore is a popular local recreation area for the Salzburg citizens and tourists 1 Castles on the Monchsberg include The Johannesschlossl rebuilt by Archbishop Wolf Dietrich Raitenau around 1590 since 1926 a guest house of the Catholic Pallotine order The archiepiscopal Marketenderschlossl also held by the Pallottines and since 1960 a study centre run by the University of Redlands California Schloss Monchstein which had been held by the Benedictine University of Salzburg has been a hotel since 1948 The Kupelwieserschlossl where the Austrian writer Peter Handke lived from 1979 to 1988 He described a walk over the Monchsberg in his novella Nachmittag eines Schriftstellers afternoon of a writer nbsp View from the Monchsberg over the old town to HohensalzburgFurthermore several historic fortifications offer panoramic views over the city to the Untersberg the Berchtesgaden Alps and the Salzkammergut mountains The Richterhohe which makes an excellent prospect on the south of the city and the mountain chain of the alps behind it The fort structures are documented were first documented in 1278 Prince archbishop Paris von Lodron strengthened it during the Thirty Years War The Burgerwehr was established about 1487 88 with 4 towers as part of the city walls and was extended with another 4 towers after 1500 The Mullner Schanze with the military towers of the Augustinerpforte and Monikapforte were built by Archbishop Paris von Lodron in the years 1621 to 1644 as a three step fortress and a part of the new city wall The Humboldtterrasse a fortification structure also erected under Paris von Lodron offers a unique panorama toward the Salzburg old town It was originally called Klausenkavalier and is today named after Alexander von Humboldt who allegedly once called the areas of Salzburg Naples and Constantinople the most beautiful on earth The top of the Monchsberg since 2004 is the second location of the Salzburg Museum of Modern Art It used to be the site of the Grand Cafe Winkler a popular restaurant destination and the Salzburg Casino Since 1890 visitors can reach the place with an elevator in the mountain The panorama terrace adjacent to the museum is a much visited point with a view all over the old town Not only due to Peter Handke s stay the Monchsberg is frequently called the mountain of writers It plays a significant role in the autobiographic work of Thomas Bernhard but often not in the positive sense It applies to him as the suicide mountain The Austrian author Gerhard Amanshauser also was among the inhabitants of the Monchsberg In his autobiography as a barbarian in the Prater the mountain and the near Festungsberg is important citation needed Mountains of Salzburg editThe other mountains in Salzburg are Kapuzinerberg Rainberg Festungsberg Hellbrunner Berg nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Monchsberg Salzburg 47 48 N 13 03 E 47 800 N 13 050 E 47 800 13 050Literature in German editKatrin Hauer Der Bergsturz des Monchsbergs in der Stadt Salzburg von 1669 Wahrnehmung Deutung und Bewaltigung in Historische Sozialkunde Themenheft 2 2008 Naturkatastrophen Hg Christian Rohr Wien 2008 21 31 Reinhard Medicus Der Monchsberg in Natur und Kulturgeschichte in Der Gardist Jahresschrift der Burgergarde der Stadt Salzburg 23 Jahrgang 2003 Reinhard Medicus Die Felsen des Monchsbergs und ihre Geschichte in Bastei Zeitschrift fur die Erhaltung von Bauten Kultur und Gesellschaft 53 Jahrgang 3 Folge Salzburg 2004 Reinhard Medicus Dreissigjahriger Krieg und Mullner Schanze Rekonstruktion einer Wehranlage in Bastei Zeitschrift fur die Erhaltung von Bauten Kultur und Gesellschaft 54 Jahrgang 1 Folge Salzburg 2005 Reinhard Medicus Die alte Burgerwehr am Monchsberg und ihre Geschichte in Bastei Zeitschrift fur die Erhaltung von Bauten Kultur und Gesellschaft 53 Jahrgang 2 Folge Salzburg 2004References edit a b c Monchsberg www salzburg info Tourismus Salzburg GmbH Archived from the original on 14 December 2021 Retrieved 14 December 2021 Map UNESCO World Heritage property Historic Centre of the city of Salzburg 1996 Map 1 5000 UNESCO Archived from the original on 2 September 2021 Retrieved 13 December 2021 Almkanal www stadt salzburg at in German City of Strasburg Archived from the original on 14 December 2021 Retrieved 14 December 2021 Sigmundstor structurae net Structurae net Archived from the original on 12 August 2019 Retrieved 12 August 2019 Connecting Salzburg Sigmundstor Tunnel visit salzburg net visit salzburg net Archived from the original on 8 December 2021 Retrieved 8 December 2021 Te saxa loquuntur Von Dir sprechen die Steine Das Salzburger Neutor The stones speak of you The Salzburg Neutor bda gv at in German Bundesdenkmalamt Archived from the original on 12 August 2019 Retrieved 12 August 2019 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Monchsberg amp oldid 1061092789, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
