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Léopold Gnininvi

December 15, 2023

Léopold Messan Kokou Gnininvi (born December 19, 1942[1][2]) is a Togolese politician and the Secretary-General of the Democratic Convention of African Peoples (CDPA). A long-time opposition leader in Togo, he served in the government as Minister of State for Mines and Energy from 2006 to 2007, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration from 2007 to 2008, and Minister of State for Industry, Crafts, and Technological Innovations from 2008 to 2009.

Life and career edit

Gnininvi was born in Aného, Lacs Prefecture.[1][2] He is a Doctor of Physics and Mathematics,[1] having received his doctorat d'Etat from the University of Dijon in France in 1977.[3] He became a full professor in 1981. From 1978 to 1993, he was the head of the solar energy laboratory at the University of Lomé. He was Director of the National Institute of Educational Science from 1979 to 1988 and National Director of Scientific Research from 1987 to 1993.[1] He retired from teaching at the University of Lomé in 1997.[3]

Gnininvi was elected as Secretary-General of the CDPA in March 1991.[4] At the 1991 Sovereign National Conference, Gnininvi was the opposition's initial choice for the position of Prime Minister,[5] but he withdrew in favor of Joseph Kokou Koffigoh,[3][4][5] the leader of the Togolese League of Human Rights, who was better known than Gnininvi,[5] for the sake of opposition unity.[3] He became the President-in-Office of the Collective of the Democratic Opposition (COD2), the main opposition coalition, in August 1992. In 1992 and August 1997, he was re-elected as Secretary-General of the CDPA.[4]

He was the CDPA candidate in the June 1998 presidential election, and was the first declared candidate in the election.[6] Two weeks prior to the election, he sent a letter to the electoral commission in which he stated his "concern over anomalies and delays surrounding the organization of the election".[7] Two days before the election, he joined other opposition candidates in criticizing alleged problems in the electoral preparations and calling for the election to be delayed.[8] According to official results, he placed fifth in the election, taking 0.80% of the vote.[9] In November 1998, after President Gnassingbé Eyadéma called for the opposition to engage in talks, Gnininvi said that the CDPA would not participate because the talks were only intended to legitimize the rule of Eyadéma's Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party.[10]

Gnininvi initially ran as a candidate in the presidential election of June 1, 2003, but he announced his withdrawal from the election on May 26, choosing to back fellow opposition candidate Emmanuel Bob-Akitani of the Union of Forces for Change (UFC) instead.[11][12] He said he made this decision because he had already mobilized his supporters for the election and because he wanted the opposition to unite behind the strongest candidate from its ranks.[11] His name remained on the ballot, however, and received 0.017% of the vote.[13]

He was appointed as Minister of State for Mines and Energy in the government of Prime Minister Yawovi Agboyibo, named on September 20, 2006.[14] In the run-up to the October 2007 parliamentary election, Gnininivi praised the "remarkable work" of the National Independent Electoral Commission (CENI) and said that the electoral census conducted by CENI had ensured "a credible process".[15][16] Gnininvi was the first candidate on the CDPA's candidate list for Lomé in the 2007 election,[2] but the party did not win any seats in the election.[17] Following the election, Gnininvi remained in the government appointed on December 13, 2007 under Prime Minister Komlan Mally and was moved to the position of Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration.[18]

In the next government, appointed on September 15, 2008 and headed by Prime Minister Gilbert Houngbo, Gnininvi was moved to the position of Minister of State for Industry, Crafts, and Technological Innovations.[19] He remained in that post for one year; on September 10, 2009, he resigned from the government, together with the other CDPA minister, Mensan Adowayom, so that the CDPA would not be tied to the government in the period preceding the 2010 presidential election.[20]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d Short biographies of Togolese government ministers April 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Etiame.com (in French).
  2. ^ a b c List of candidates in Lomé Commune in the 2007 election December 3, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, CENI website (in French).
  3. ^ a b c d . Archived from the original on April 19, 2004. Retrieved 2017-03-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Afrique Express, number 270, May 20, 2003 (in French).
  4. ^ a b c "Présidentielles 2003 : Profil des candidats", iciLome.com, May 16, 2003 (in French).
  5. ^ a b c John R. Heilbrunn, "Togo: The National Conference and Stalled Reform", in Political Reform in Francophone Africa (1997), ed. John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, page 238.
  6. ^ "DÉMOCRATISATION À LA TOGOLAISE" December 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine ("CHRONOLOGIE"), Tètè Tété, 1998 (diastode.org) (in French).
  7. ^ "Togolese presidential election campaign under way", AFP, June 7, 1998.
  8. ^ "Togo: Two more presidential candidates seek postponement of elections", Radio France Internationale, June 20, 1998.
  9. ^ "CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 40 OF THE COVENANT: Addendum TOGO", United Nations International covenant on civil and political rights, CCPR/C/TGO/2001/3, July 5, 2001.
  10. ^ "Togo opposition turns down talks", BBC News, November 21, 1998.
  11. ^ a b "Togo: Gnininvi stands down as presidential candidate", IRIN, May 26, 2003.
  12. ^ Profiles of 2003 candidates, togo-confidentiel.com (in French).
  13. ^ "RAPPORT DE LA MISSION EXPLORATOIRE DEPECHEE DANS LA PERSPECTIVE DE L’ELECTION PRESIDENTIELLE ANTICIPEE DU 24 AVRIL 2005 AU TOGO" 2007-06-22 at the Wayback Machine, democratie.francophonie.org (in French).
  14. ^ "Formation du nouveau gouvernement au Togo", Panapress, September 20, 2006 (in French).
  15. ^ "Pour Léopold Gnininvi, le processus électoral est « crédible »"[permanent dead link], Republicoftogo.com, September 14, 2007 (in French).
  16. ^ "Le dirigeant d'un parti d'opposition salue le climat d'apaisement", Xinhua, September 14, 2007 (in French).
  17. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2016., Decision N°E-021/07, October 30, 2007 (in French).
  18. ^ "Léopold Gnininvi aux Affaires étrangères" 2007-12-18 at the Wayback Machine, Republicoftogo.com, December 13, 2007 (in French).
  19. ^ "L’équipe autour de Gilbert Fossoun Houngbo" 2008-09-18 at the Wayback Machine, Republicoftogo.com, September 15, 2008 (in French).
  20. ^ "Gnininvi et Adowayom quittent le gouvernement"[permanent dead link], Republicoftogo.com, September 11, 2009 (in French).

December 15, 2023
léopold, gnininvi, léopold, messan, kokou, gnininvi, born, december, 1942, togolese, politician, secretary, general, democratic, convention, african, peoples, cdpa, long, time, opposition, leader, togo, served, government, minister, state, mines, energy, from,. Leopold Messan Kokou Gnininvi born December 19 1942 1 2 is a Togolese politician and the Secretary General of the Democratic Convention of African Peoples CDPA A long time opposition leader in Togo he served in the government as Minister of State for Mines and Energy from 2006 to 2007 Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration from 2007 to 2008 and Minister of State for Industry Crafts and Technological Innovations from 2008 to 2009 Life and career editGnininvi was born in Aneho Lacs Prefecture 1 2 He is a Doctor of Physics and Mathematics 1 having received his doctorat d Etat from the University of Dijon in France in 1977 3 He became a full professor in 1981 From 1978 to 1993 he was the head of the solar energy laboratory at the University of Lome He was Director of the National Institute of Educational Science from 1979 to 1988 and National Director of Scientific Research from 1987 to 1993 1 He retired from teaching at the University of Lome in 1997 3 Gnininvi was elected as Secretary General of the CDPA in March 1991 4 At the 1991 Sovereign National Conference Gnininvi was the opposition s initial choice for the position of Prime Minister 5 but he withdrew in favor of Joseph Kokou Koffigoh 3 4 5 the leader of the Togolese League of Human Rights who was better known than Gnininvi 5 for the sake of opposition unity 3 He became the President in Office of the Collective of the Democratic Opposition COD2 the main opposition coalition in August 1992 In 1992 and August 1997 he was re elected as Secretary General of the CDPA 4 He was the CDPA candidate in the June 1998 presidential election and was the first declared candidate in the election 6 Two weeks prior to the election he sent a letter to the electoral commission in which he stated his concern over anomalies and delays surrounding the organization of the election 7 Two days before the election he joined other opposition candidates in criticizing alleged problems in the electoral preparations and calling for the election to be delayed 8 According to official results he placed fifth in the election taking 0 80 of the vote 9 In November 1998 after President Gnassingbe Eyadema called for the opposition to engage in talks Gnininvi said that the CDPA would not participate because the talks were only intended to legitimize the rule of Eyadema s Rally of the Togolese People RPT party 10 Gnininvi initially ran as a candidate in the presidential election of June 1 2003 but he announced his withdrawal from the election on May 26 choosing to back fellow opposition candidate Emmanuel Bob Akitani of the Union of Forces for Change UFC instead 11 12 He said he made this decision because he had already mobilized his supporters for the election and because he wanted the opposition to unite behind the strongest candidate from its ranks 11 His name remained on the ballot however and received 0 017 of the vote 13 He was appointed as Minister of State for Mines and Energy in the government of Prime Minister Yawovi Agboyibo named on September 20 2006 14 In the run up to the October 2007 parliamentary election Gnininivi praised the remarkable work of the National Independent Electoral Commission CENI and said that the electoral census conducted by CENI had ensured a credible process 15 16 Gnininvi was the first candidate on the CDPA s candidate list for Lome in the 2007 election 2 but the party did not win any seats in the election 17 Following the election Gnininvi remained in the government appointed on December 13 2007 under Prime Minister Komlan Mally and was moved to the position of Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration 18 In the next government appointed on September 15 2008 and headed by Prime Minister Gilbert Houngbo Gnininvi was moved to the position of Minister of State for Industry Crafts and Technological Innovations 19 He remained in that post for one year on September 10 2009 he resigned from the government together with the other CDPA minister Mensan Adowayom so that the CDPA would not be tied to the government in the period preceding the 2010 presidential election 20 References edit a b c d Short biographies of Togolese government ministers Archived April 27 2007 at the Wayback Machine Etiame com in French a b c List of candidates in Lome Commune in the 2007 election Archived December 3 2008 at the Wayback Machine CENI website in French a b c d Leopold Gnininvi L intellectuel Archived from the original on April 19 2004 Retrieved 2017 03 30 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Afrique Express number 270 May 20 2003 in French a b c Presidentielles 2003 Profil des candidats iciLome com May 16 2003 in French a b c John R Heilbrunn Togo The National Conference and Stalled Reform in Political Reform in Francophone Africa 1997 ed John F Clark and David E Gardinier page 238 DEMOCRATISATION A LA TOGOLAISE Archived December 17 2008 at the Wayback Machine CHRONOLOGIE Tete Tete 1998 diastode org in French Togolese presidential election campaign under way AFP June 7 1998 Togo Two more presidential candidates seek postponement of elections Radio France Internationale June 20 1998 CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 40 OF THE COVENANT Addendum TOGO United Nations International covenant on civil and political rights CCPR C TGO 2001 3 July 5 2001 Togo opposition turns down talks BBC News November 21 1998 a b Togo Gnininvi stands down as presidential candidate IRIN May 26 2003 Profiles of 2003 candidates togo confidentiel com in French RAPPORT DE LA MISSION EXPLORATOIRE DEPECHEE DANS LA PERSPECTIVE DE L ELECTION PRESIDENTIELLE ANTICIPEE DU 24 AVRIL 2005 AU TOGO Archived 2007 06 22 at the Wayback Machine democratie francophonie org in French Formation du nouveau gouvernement au Togo Panapress September 20 2006 in French Pour Leopold Gnininvi le processus electoral est credible permanent dead link Republicoftogo com September 14 2007 in French Le dirigeant d un parti d opposition salue le climat d apaisement Xinhua September 14 2007 in French Constitutional Court proclamation of final election results PDF Archived from the original PDF on March 27 2009 Retrieved September 9 2016 Decision N E 021 07 October 30 2007 in French Leopold Gnininvi aux Affaires etrangeres Archived 2007 12 18 at the Wayback Machine Republicoftogo com December 13 2007 in French L equipe autour de Gilbert Fossoun Houngbo Archived 2008 09 18 at the Wayback Machine Republicoftogo com September 15 2008 in French Gnininvi et Adowayom quittent le gouvernement permanent dead link Republicoftogo com September 11 2009 in French Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Leopold Gnininvi amp oldid 1177802237, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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