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Luxman

Luxman is a brand name of Japanese Luxman Corporation (ラックスマン株式会社) that manufactures luxury audio components. Luxman produces a variety of high-end audio products, including turntables, amplifiers, receivers, tape decks, CD players and speakers.

Luxman Corporation
ラックスマン株式会社
Company typeK.K.
IndustryElectronics
FoundedOsaka, Japan (1925)
Headquarters,
Key people
Kazuyuki Doi - President, Daniel Chang - Managing Director IAG Group
ProductsHi-Fi equipment
ParentInternational Audio Group
WebsiteOfficial website

History edit

Lux Corporation was founded in Japan in June 1925, by T. Hayakawa and his brother K. Yoshikawa. The company began as the radio equipment department of Kinsuido Picture Frame Store in Osaka, until then only an importer of picture frames, and was founded just ahead of the first radio broadcast that year.[citation needed]

At the time, Japanese radio listeners were dependent on technology originating in the United States and Europe. Importing radio equipment and parts was a very forward-looking enterprise for Lux. Lux Corporation later decided that, in order to compete effectively as a supplier, it had to not only sell equipment but manufacture parts in-house to reduce the costs of importing, beginning the creation of the Luxman brand. As a result of this pursuit, Luxman became famous for the output of various quality transformers and switches in Japan, and today is one of the oldest manufacturers in Japan of electronic components, which is reflected in the company's tagline Ultimate Fidelity since 1925.

 
Luxman pre-amplifier CL-32 with tubes (above in an amp-combination)
 
Luxman L-210, amp at entry-level 80s,[1] and D-321, CD player 1992/93[2]

In the mid-1970s and early 1980s, Luxman rose to prominence in the world hi-fi community, owing to the quality sound produced by its equipment. Luxman were primarily specialists in making vacuum tube amplifiers. One of the traits of Luxman equipment from this era is the quality and warmth of the vacuum tube sound, paired with solid-state electronics and often aesthetic designs. Preamps and power amps such as the Luxman C-05 and M-05, with their finish, electrical designs (copper interconnects, Class A amp design, separately powered channels with dual AC cables, copper-plated chassis).[citation needed]

An engineer by the name of Atsushi Miura married Mari Yoshikawa (Mr. K. Yoshikawa's eldest daughter) and became a part of the founding 'Luxman' family. Atsushi Miura's father was an audio engineer and was head of Luxman for many years in Japan. In the early 1980s Atsushi took over the reins from his father to run Luxman. Sensing the Japanese audio industry was heading towards cheaper mass-produced components and against the founding philosophy of Luxman, Atsushi sold Luxman to Alpine in 1984, before starting the Airtight audio brand.[3]

In 1984 Luxman became part of Alpine Electronics, another Japanese electronics brand. Alpine, wishing to merge their home hi-fi divisions and Alpage brand with Luxman gear, took corporate actions which nearly bankrupted Luxman. [citation needed] The first of these corporate mistakes was getting Luxman involved in a hi-fi market share war with rival consumer electronics brand Yamaha. Up to the point of the merge, Luxman was revered as a prestigious audio brand; one that sold its equipment in specialist independent hi-fi shops. Post-merge, Luxman looked to sell their products to companies such as Costco (United States) and Richer Sounds (UK) in order to compete with Yamaha.[citation needed] This plan resulted in much confusion amongst consumers, as well as their perception of the brand's values. Where Luxman's reputation was in high-end and the often expensive markets, its new distributors had reputations for selling in budget and low-value markets, causing problems for existing dealers and consumers loyal to Luxman's values. The second corporate mistake by Alpine was problems with product branding and poor product planning. While Alpine equipment was seen as "okay" and "acceptable" in most consumers' eyes, Luxman was seen as a perfectionist and even elitist brand. The co-branding of cheap and inferior plastic Alpine products with expensive Luxman gear (Luxman equipment was badged Alpine/Luxman) in both Alpine and Luxman factories caused further confusion amongst consumers. This move totally destroyed the image and, ultimately, the sales of Luxman equipment, and the company ended up retreating from all its sales network worldwide except Japan.[citation needed]

Alpine, due to all the troubles it experienced with the Luxman brand, sold it off in 1994. Since that time, the Luxman Corporation has been able to again indulge in its founding objectives, which is simply to create the best audiophile equipment in the world. Today the company still produces vacuum tube equipment, as well as SACD/DVD players, and home stereo equipment.[citation needed]

The company closed the last of the Alpine home hi-fi factories in Hong Kong in 2000 and currently sells mostly to Japan and parts of Asia, outside of Asia to the United Kingdom, Germany and Czech Republic, and Slovakia, since 2005 and currently has a distribution network which includes the United States, France, Poland, Romania, Italy, Denmark, and Sweden.[citation needed]

In 2009, Luxman Corporation was acquired by the International Audio Group Ltd. IAG.[citation needed]

Company milestones edit

  • 1925 – Lux Corporation founded in Kinsuido Picture Frame Store. Kinsuido Radio Book published – "Read it once and you're a radio expert," runs the blurb to the book that eventually went through 14 editions, helping to promote radios and phonographs in early days.
  • 1928 LUX-735 Radio Set with Magnetic Speaker. Lux markets the LUX-1730 Electric Phonograph
  • 1931 – Magnetic Pickup developed
  • 1952 OY-15 Output Transformer – Lux markets OY-Type transformers, high-regulation power-supply transformers, and many others. All received popular acclaim for delivering the highest performance on the market.
  • 1955 – Crossover Negative Feedback Circuitry developed
  • 1958 The 45/45 stereo record makes its debut.
  • 1958 MA-7A Mono Vacuum-Tube Amplifier. The MA-7A becomes the first fully assembled mono hi-fi power amp marketed by Lux after the war. It featured crossover NFB (Negative Feedback), Lux's worldwide patent.
  • 1961 SQ-5A Vacuum Tube Integrated Amplifier. One of the earliest stereo integrated amplifiers, the SQ-5A proved a hit because of its unique design incorporating a metre and also because of the high-quality sound it delivers. It featured the Lux's unique tone control circuit, still found in current models.
  • 1962 SQ-65 Vacuum Tube Integrated Amplifier. The SQ-65 featured a motional feedback (MFB) circuit, a patented development by Lux that incorporates the motion of the speaker cone into its feedback control system.
  • 1962 PZ-11 Phono Amplifier. The very first phono equaliser amp made in Japan to feature germanium transistors, the PZ-11 was popular for its slim design.
  • 1964 SQ-38D Vacuum Tube Integrated Amplifier. The SQ-38D is one of the first models to feature triodes and also the very first of the "38Series" that eventually includes the SQ-38F, SQ-38FD and the current SQ-38S.
  • 1966 MQ-36 Vacuum Tube OTL Power Amplifier. The MQ-36 is an OTL (Output Transformer-Less) vacuum tube amplifier. It became a long-term seller for its high-quality sound.
  • 1968 SQ-505/507 Integrated Amplifiers. The SQ-505 and SQ-507 are the first of the "500 Series" and the predecessors of Luxman's current L-505s and L-507s.
  • 1971–1980 Luxkit Brand. The LuxKit brand was developed to satisfy the demand of do-it-yourself audiophiles. Lux marketed a total of about 70 kit models, vacuum tube amps, transistor amps, turntables, measuring tools, etc.
  • 1972 Lux establishes L&G. Lux established new audio brand "L&G" to promote a line of colourful high-quality stereo systems designed to fit new lifestyles and created a new dimension in audio enjoyment.
  • 1973 – All-stage Parallel Push System developed.
  • 1975 M-6000 Power Amplifier/C-1000/T110. A product to celebrate Lux's 50th anniversary, the M-6000 represented the company's first serious effort to break into the high-end market. A power amp boasting 300 W x 2 high power and excellent sound, the M-6000 was well received.
  • 1976 Laboratory Reference Series launched which included the 5T50 FM-only tuner, 5G12 graphic equalizer, 5F70 parametric tone control unit, and 5E24 LED power meter; the 5L15 integrated amp; and the 5C50 preamp and 5M21 power amp. The Lux Laboratory Reference Series makes its debut: highlights are the world's first DC-configured amp and synthesized tuner. Each product's functionality, performance and innovative design differentiate the series. After initial production, some of the equipment was specially customised by Lux engineers for even better quality sound, and became sought after.

-World's first DC-configured amp and synthesized tuner -Computer-controlled cassette deck -Construction chassis allowing stacking of components

  • 1978 – Duo Beta circuitry[4]
  • 1980 PD-300 Vacuum Suction Turntable. Lux introduces an innovative turntable that uses a vacuum suction system to prevent record warpage and resonance, factors that cause degradation of sound quality.
  • 1981 – CAT – Computer Analysed Tuning System
  • 1982 – Entry-level series 210 and C-05 Pre-amplifier, M-05 Power amplifier launched[1][5]
  • 1982 D-05 Omega-Loading Cassette Deck. The D-05 appears at the time when the market was moving away from the open-reel format toward the cassette. It boasted the hi-fi performance of an open-reel deck and the ease of use of a cassette deck. The MB-88 limited edition amp (run of 200) was produced. This is one of the last pieces of work Chief Engineer Mr Susumu Uehara, one of Luxman's longest-standing engineers.

At Japan's Tokyo Audio Fair in October, Luxman showed prototypes of the X-3K[6] Cassette deck, X-2A PCM encoder/decoder[7] and X-1D[8] vertical loading CD player also rebadged in Alpine brand-form. These were never put into production.

  • 1983 – K-05 Computer tuning cassette deck launched.[9]

Luxman's first CD player was the DX-104[10] launched in 1983. This was a design based on the Alpine Electronics AD-7100 and featured a vertical loading tray.

  • 1987 DA-07 Fluency DAC and DP-07 separate CD Transport. Fluency DAC is an application of the function interpolation theory developed by Dr. Toraichi, a professor at Tsukuba University, Japan. The DA-07 became a sensation because its high-speed DSP claimed the recreation of the frequency range not recorded on a CD. KD-117 Digital Audio Tape recorder launched.
  • 1990 – D-500 Top loading CD player launched.
  • 2004 – CU-80 Multi Channel Control Amplifier launched.
  • 2005 – B1000 Monaural Power Amplifier and C1000F Digital Control Amplifiers, 80th Anniversary Commemoration Models launched.
  • 2006 – DU-50 and DU-80 Digital Universal players launched.
  • 2007 – M-800A, L-550A II and L-590A II launched.
  • 2009 – D-08 SA-CD / CD player, SQ-38u (the eleventh generation SQ-38), E-200 (phono stage), P-200 (amplifier) launched.
  • 2011 – PD171 Belt-driven turntable launched. First turntable from Luxman in over 30 years (built until 2016)
  • 2014 – 900u Pre-amplifier and power amplifier launched[11]
  • 2017 – D-380 CD player with tube output stage[12]
  • 2018 – PD171A Turntable launched, successor of PD171
  • 2019 – PD151 Turntable launched.[13]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b https://www.hifiengine.com/manual_library/luxman/l-210.shtml, retrieved at 30 November 2020.
  2. ^ https://www.hifiengine.com/manual_library/luxman/d-321.shtml, retrieved at 30 November 2020.
  3. ^ "Airtight Company history by Tweakshop". 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-15.
  4. ^ https://www.hifiengine.com/manual_library/luxman/cl-32.shtml, retrieved at 30 November 2020.
  5. ^ thevintageknob.org von März 2010, Luxman C-02, retrieved 30 November 2020.
  6. ^ "Luxman X3K Cassette deck prototype". 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
  7. ^ "Luxman X-2A PCM encoder/decoder prototype". 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
  8. ^ "Luxman X-1D CD player prototype". 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
  9. ^ thevintageknob.org September 2005, Luxman K-05, retrieved 30. November 2020.
  10. ^ "Luxman DX-104 CD player". 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
  11. ^ soundstagehifi.com 1 April 2015, Luxman M-900u Stereo/Mono Amplifier, retrieved 30 November 2020.
  12. ^ stereo magazine, retrieved at 30 November 2020 (PDF).
  13. ^ hifitest.de 9/2019, Ahnenreihe, retrieved at 30 November 2020.

External links edit

  • at Vintage Audio (includes many brochure and catalog scans)
  • Luxman Vintage Audio website (site includes a table of manufacturing dates)
  • Audiotools website on Luxman history
  • FMTunerInfo site on Luxman tuner history
  • AudioInvest - site with useful links and information on Luxman
  • The Exclusive Online Audio Museum "TheVintageKnob" with Luxman Audio Products History, Pictures and Specifications (1960-2000)
  • Dedicated Luxman section on Hifishark.com, a search engine devoted to second hand audio equipment.


luxman, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, contains, content, that, written, like, advertisement, please, help, improve, removing, promotion. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article contains content that is written like an advertisement Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view July 2022 Learn how and when to remove this message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Luxman news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2022 Learn how and when to remove this message Learn how and when to remove this message Luxman is a brand name of Japanese Luxman Corporation ラックスマン株式会社 that manufactures luxury audio components Luxman produces a variety of high end audio products including turntables amplifiers receivers tape decks CD players and speakers Luxman Corporationラックスマン株式会社Company typeK K IndustryElectronicsFoundedOsaka Japan 1925 HeadquartersYokohama Kanagawa JapanKey peopleKazuyuki Doi President Daniel Chang Managing Director IAG GroupProductsHi Fi equipmentParentInternational Audio GroupWebsiteOfficial website Contents 1 History 2 Company milestones 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory editLux Corporation was founded in Japan in June 1925 by T Hayakawa and his brother K Yoshikawa The company began as the radio equipment department of Kinsuido Picture Frame Store in Osaka until then only an importer of picture frames and was founded just ahead of the first radio broadcast that year citation needed At the time Japanese radio listeners were dependent on technology originating in the United States and Europe Importing radio equipment and parts was a very forward looking enterprise for Lux Lux Corporation later decided that in order to compete effectively as a supplier it had to not only sell equipment but manufacture parts in house to reduce the costs of importing beginning the creation of the Luxman brand As a result of this pursuit Luxman became famous for the output of various quality transformers and switches in Japan and today is one of the oldest manufacturers in Japan of electronic components which is reflected in the company s tagline Ultimate Fidelity since 1925 nbsp Luxman pre amplifier CL 32 with tubes above in an amp combination nbsp Luxman L 210 amp at entry level 80s 1 and D 321 CD player 1992 93 2 In the mid 1970s and early 1980s Luxman rose to prominence in the world hi fi community owing to the quality sound produced by its equipment Luxman were primarily specialists in making vacuum tube amplifiers One of the traits of Luxman equipment from this era is the quality and warmth of the vacuum tube sound paired with solid state electronics and often aesthetic designs Preamps and power amps such as the Luxman C 05 and M 05 with their finish electrical designs copper interconnects Class A amp design separately powered channels with dual AC cables copper plated chassis citation needed An engineer by the name of Atsushi Miura married Mari Yoshikawa Mr K Yoshikawa s eldest daughter and became a part of the founding Luxman family Atsushi Miura s father was an audio engineer and was head of Luxman for many years in Japan In the early 1980s Atsushi took over the reins from his father to run Luxman Sensing the Japanese audio industry was heading towards cheaper mass produced components and against the founding philosophy of Luxman Atsushi sold Luxman to Alpine in 1984 before starting the Airtight audio brand 3 In 1984 Luxman became part of Alpine Electronics another Japanese electronics brand Alpine wishing to merge their home hi fi divisions and Alpage brand with Luxman gear took corporate actions which nearly bankrupted Luxman citation needed The first of these corporate mistakes was getting Luxman involved in a hi fi market share war with rival consumer electronics brand Yamaha Up to the point of the merge Luxman was revered as a prestigious audio brand one that sold its equipment in specialist independent hi fi shops Post merge Luxman looked to sell their products to companies such as Costco United States and Richer Sounds UK in order to compete with Yamaha citation needed This plan resulted in much confusion amongst consumers as well as their perception of the brand s values Where Luxman s reputation was in high end and the often expensive markets its new distributors had reputations for selling in budget and low value markets causing problems for existing dealers and consumers loyal to Luxman s values The second corporate mistake by Alpine was problems with product branding and poor product planning While Alpine equipment was seen as okay and acceptable in most consumers eyes Luxman was seen as a perfectionist and even elitist brand The co branding of cheap and inferior plastic Alpine products with expensive Luxman gear Luxman equipment was badged Alpine Luxman in both Alpine and Luxman factories caused further confusion amongst consumers This move totally destroyed the image and ultimately the sales of Luxman equipment and the company ended up retreating from all its sales network worldwide except Japan citation needed Alpine due to all the troubles it experienced with the Luxman brand sold it off in 1994 Since that time the Luxman Corporation has been able to again indulge in its founding objectives which is simply to create the best audiophile equipment in the world Today the company still produces vacuum tube equipment as well as SACD DVD players and home stereo equipment citation needed The company closed the last of the Alpine home hi fi factories in Hong Kong in 2000 and currently sells mostly to Japan and parts of Asia outside of Asia to the United Kingdom Germany and Czech Republic and Slovakia since 2005 and currently has a distribution network which includes the United States France Poland Romania Italy Denmark and Sweden citation needed In 2009 Luxman Corporation was acquired by the International Audio Group Ltd IAG citation needed Company milestones edit1925 Lux Corporation founded in Kinsuido Picture Frame Store Kinsuido Radio Book published Read it once and you re a radio expert runs the blurb to the book that eventually went through 14 editions helping to promote radios and phonographs in early days 1928 LUX 735 Radio Set with Magnetic Speaker Lux markets the LUX 1730 Electric Phonograph 1931 Magnetic Pickup developed 1952 OY 15 Output Transformer Lux markets OY Type transformers high regulation power supply transformers and many others All received popular acclaim for delivering the highest performance on the market 1955 Crossover Negative Feedback Circuitry developed 1958 The 45 45 stereo record makes its debut 1958 MA 7A Mono Vacuum Tube Amplifier The MA 7A becomes the first fully assembled mono hi fi power amp marketed by Lux after the war It featured crossover NFB Negative Feedback Lux s worldwide patent 1961 SQ 5A Vacuum Tube Integrated Amplifier One of the earliest stereo integrated amplifiers the SQ 5A proved a hit because of its unique design incorporating a metre and also because of the high quality sound it delivers It featured the Lux s unique tone control circuit still found in current models 1962 SQ 65 Vacuum Tube Integrated Amplifier The SQ 65 featured a motional feedback MFB circuit a patented development by Lux that incorporates the motion of the speaker cone into its feedback control system 1962 PZ 11 Phono Amplifier The very first phono equaliser amp made in Japan to feature germanium transistors the PZ 11 was popular for its slim design 1964 SQ 38D Vacuum Tube Integrated Amplifier The SQ 38D is one of the first models to feature triodes and also the very first of the 38Series that eventually includes the SQ 38F SQ 38FD and the current SQ 38S 1966 MQ 36 Vacuum Tube OTL Power Amplifier The MQ 36 is an OTL Output Transformer Less vacuum tube amplifier It became a long term seller for its high quality sound 1968 SQ 505 507 Integrated Amplifiers The SQ 505 and SQ 507 are the first of the 500 Series and the predecessors of Luxman s current L 505s and L 507s 1971 1980 Luxkit Brand The LuxKit brand was developed to satisfy the demand of do it yourself audiophiles Lux marketed a total of about 70 kit models vacuum tube amps transistor amps turntables measuring tools etc 1972 Lux establishes L amp G Lux established new audio brand L amp G to promote a line of colourful high quality stereo systems designed to fit new lifestyles and created a new dimension in audio enjoyment 1973 All stage Parallel Push System developed 1975 M 6000 Power Amplifier C 1000 T110 A product to celebrate Lux s 50th anniversary the M 6000 represented the company s first serious effort to break into the high end market A power amp boasting 300 W x 2 high power and excellent sound the M 6000 was well received 1976 Laboratory Reference Series launched which included the 5T50 FM only tuner 5G12 graphic equalizer 5F70 parametric tone control unit and 5E24 LED power meter the 5L15 integrated amp and the 5C50 preamp and 5M21 power amp The Lux Laboratory Reference Series makes its debut highlights are the world s first DC configured amp and synthesized tuner Each product s functionality performance and innovative design differentiate the series After initial production some of the equipment was specially customised by Lux engineers for even better quality sound and became sought after World s first DC configured amp and synthesized tuner Computer controlled cassette deck Construction chassis allowing stacking of components 1978 Duo Beta circuitry 4 1980 PD 300 Vacuum Suction Turntable Lux introduces an innovative turntable that uses a vacuum suction system to prevent record warpage and resonance factors that cause degradation of sound quality 1981 CAT Computer Analysed Tuning System 1982 Entry level series 210 and C 05 Pre amplifier M 05 Power amplifier launched 1 5 1982 D 05 Omega Loading Cassette Deck The D 05 appears at the time when the market was moving away from the open reel format toward the cassette It boasted the hi fi performance of an open reel deck and the ease of use of a cassette deck The MB 88 limited edition amp run of 200 was produced This is one of the last pieces of work Chief Engineer Mr Susumu Uehara one of Luxman s longest standing engineers At Japan s Tokyo Audio Fair in October Luxman showed prototypes of the X 3K 6 Cassette deck X 2A PCM encoder decoder 7 and X 1D 8 vertical loading CD player also rebadged in Alpine brand form These were never put into production 1983 K 05 Computer tuning cassette deck launched 9 Luxman s first CD player was the DX 104 10 launched in 1983 This was a design based on the Alpine Electronics AD 7100 and featured a vertical loading tray 1987 DA 07 Fluency DAC and DP 07 separate CD Transport Fluency DAC is an application of the function interpolation theory developed by Dr Toraichi a professor at Tsukuba University Japan The DA 07 became a sensation because its high speed DSP claimed the recreation of the frequency range not recorded on a CD KD 117 Digital Audio Tape recorder launched 1990 D 500 Top loading CD player launched 2004 CU 80 Multi Channel Control Amplifier launched 2005 B1000 Monaural Power Amplifier and C1000F Digital Control Amplifiers 80th Anniversary Commemoration Models launched 2006 DU 50 and DU 80 Digital Universal players launched 2007 M 800A L 550A II and L 590A II launched 2009 D 08 SA CD CD player SQ 38u the eleventh generation SQ 38 E 200 phono stage P 200 amplifier launched 2011 PD171 Belt driven turntable launched First turntable from Luxman in over 30 years built until 2016 2014 900u Pre amplifier and power amplifier launched 11 2017 D 380 CD player with tube output stage 12 2018 PD171A Turntable launched successor of PD171 2019 PD151 Turntable launched 13 See also editList of phonograph manufacturersReferences edit a b https www hifiengine com manual library luxman l 210 shtml retrieved at 30 November 2020 https www hifiengine com manual library luxman d 321 shtml retrieved at 30 November 2020 Airtight Company history by Tweakshop 2007 Retrieved 2007 03 15 https www hifiengine com manual library luxman cl 32 shtml retrieved at 30 November 2020 thevintageknob org von Marz 2010 Luxman C 02 retrieved 30 November 2020 Luxman X3K Cassette deck prototype 2007 Retrieved 2007 02 21 Luxman X 2A PCM encoder decoder prototype 2007 Retrieved 2007 02 21 Luxman X 1D CD player prototype 2007 Retrieved 2007 02 21 thevintageknob org September 2005 Luxman K 05 retrieved 30 November 2020 Luxman DX 104 CD player 2007 Retrieved 2007 02 21 soundstagehifi com 1 April 2015 Luxman M 900u Stereo Mono Amplifier retrieved 30 November 2020 stereo magazine retrieved at 30 November 2020 PDF hifitest de 9 2019 Ahnenreihe retrieved at 30 November 2020 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Luxman Luxman Forum at Vintage Audio includes many brochure and catalog scans Luxman Vintage Audio website site includes a table of manufacturing dates Audiotools website on Luxman history FMTunerInfo site on Luxman tuner history AudioInvest site with useful links and information on Luxman Japanese site with photos of Luxman equipment circa mid 1980s Private German Luxman site with many classic Hi Fi pictures amp specifications The Exclusive Online Audio Museum TheVintageKnob with Luxman Audio Products History Pictures and Specifications 1960 2000 Dedicated Luxman section on Hifishark com a search engine devoted to second hand audio equipment Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Luxman amp oldid 1179835442, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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