The Ludza Estonians (in the Ludza dialect: Lutsi maarahvas – ‘Lutsi Estonians’, in Latvian: Ludzas igauņi) are a group of ethnic Estonians living in and around Ludza, south-eastern Latvia.
Ludza Estonians
Southern Estonian language area, Ludza Estonians in eastern corner of Latvia
Total population
Unknown but people from the Ludza area often acknowledge Ludza ancestry[1]
Most of the Ludza Estonians probably moved into the area in the 17th century before the Great Northern War, but the settlement may have originated earlier. Throughout the era of feudalism, when life was mostly confined to one's near environment, this ethnic group retained its Estonian identity and ethnographic features. Ludza Estonians were originally Lutherans, but became Catholics and had close contacts with neighbouring Latgalians and Belarusians. As long as the church ceremonies and confessions were held in Estonian, the people had little need to speak Latvian or Belarusian. Nevertheless, the local Latgalian dialect of Latvian, Belarusian, and Russian were spoken to a certain extent in the areas where those people were their neighbours. In manors, Polish was heard (in Latgale, it was the administrative language at the time).
Languageedit
Ludza Estonians spoke the Ludza dialect (Ludzī kīļ), which is closely related to Seto.[2] By the 19th century, the church had become Latvianised and Russian had become the official language and lingua franca.[clarification needed] According to Oskar Kallas, who made a studying trip to area in 1893, there were 4,387 Ludza Estonians, of whom some 800 could speak Estonian. In the 1970s and 1980s, there were some 20 people left in the area still using the language. The last native speaker of the Ludza dialect was Nikolājs Nikonovs, who was from the village of Lielie Tjapši. He died in 2006, but some people still have limited knowledge of the dialect. The last knowledgeable language user with passive knowledge, Antonīna Nikonova, died later in 2014.[3] The dialect spoken by Ludza Estonians, was closely related to eastern Võro-dialects. It contained about 180 loanwords from Latvian and some from Russian. Ludza Estonians reportedly had some difficulty understanding standardised Estonian.
Referencesedit
^""Maq Sinnu Sali": The South Estonian Dialect Spoken in Deepest Latvia". November 14, 2016.
^ULDIS, BALODIS (2019). "Expeditions among the Lutsi Estonians and the design of Language Learning Materials". University of Latvia Livonian Institute.
Sources and external linksedit
Paul AristeKeelekontaktid. Tallinn: Valgus 1981. (in Estonian)
Eestlased Lätis Retrieved May 8, 2007. (in Estonian)
Väinö Klaus (in Estonian)
Hannes Korjus Lutsi maarahvas – 110 aastat hiljem Retrieved May 8, 2007. (in Estonian)
Marjo Mela Latvian virolaiset Helsinki: Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura 2001, ISBN951-746-301-4(in Finnish)
ludza, estonians, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, january, 2022, learn, when, remove, this, message, this, art. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations January 2022 Learn how and when to remove this message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Ludza Estonians news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2008 Learn how and when to remove this message The Ludza Estonians in the Ludza dialect Lutsi maarahvas Lutsi Estonians in Latvian Ludzas igauni are a group of ethnic Estonians living in and around Ludza south eastern Latvia Ludza EstoniansSouthern Estonian language area Ludza Estonians in eastern corner of LatviaTotal populationUnknown but people from the Ludza area often acknowledge Ludza ancestry 1 Regions with significant populations LatviaLanguagesLudza dialect LatvianReligionCatholicRelated ethnic groupsother Baltic Finns Contents 1 History 2 Language 3 References 4 Sources and external linksHistory editMost of the Ludza Estonians probably moved into the area in the 17th century before the Great Northern War but the settlement may have originated earlier Throughout the era of feudalism when life was mostly confined to one s near environment this ethnic group retained its Estonian identity and ethnographic features Ludza Estonians were originally Lutherans but became Catholics and had close contacts with neighbouring Latgalians and Belarusians As long as the church ceremonies and confessions were held in Estonian the people had little need to speak Latvian or Belarusian Nevertheless the local Latgalian dialect of Latvian Belarusian and Russian were spoken to a certain extent in the areas where those people were their neighbours In manors Polish was heard in Latgale it was the administrative language at the time Language editLudza Estonians spoke the Ludza dialect Ludzi kil which is closely related to Seto 2 By the 19th century the church had become Latvianised and Russian had become the official language and lingua franca clarification needed According to Oskar Kallas who made a studying trip to area in 1893 there were 4 387 Ludza Estonians of whom some 800 could speak Estonian In the 1970s and 1980s there were some 20 people left in the area still using the language The last native speaker of the Ludza dialect was Nikolajs Nikonovs who was from the village of Lielie Tjapsi He died in 2006 but some people still have limited knowledge of the dialect The last knowledgeable language user with passive knowledge Antonina Nikonova died later in 2014 3 The dialect spoken by Ludza Estonians was closely related to eastern Voro dialects It contained about 180 loanwords from Latvian and some from Russian Ludza Estonians reportedly had some difficulty understanding standardised Estonian References edit Maq Sinnu Sali The South Estonian Dialect Spoken in Deepest Latvia November 14 2016 Language ULDIS BALODIS 2019 Expeditions among the Lutsi Estonians and the design of Language Learning Materials University of Latvia Livonian Institute Sources and external links editPaul Ariste Keelekontaktid Tallinn Valgus 1981 in Estonian Eestlased Latis Retrieved May 8 2007 in Estonian Vaino Klaus Lati eestlased Retrieved May 8 2007 in Estonian Hannes Korjus Lutsi maarahvas 110 aastat hiljem Retrieved May 8 2007 in Estonian Marjo Mela Latvian virolaiset Helsinki Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura 2001 ISBN 951 746 301 4 in Finnish Uldis Balodis http www lutsimaa lv Lutsimaa Land of the Ludza Estonians Home html Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ludza Estonians amp oldid 1210747334, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
