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Lupo Italiano

April 18, 2024

The Lupo Italiano is a dog breed from Italy. According to its creator, the breed's foundation was a wolf hybrid produced from crossing a German Shepherd and an Italian wolf, though a number of genetic studies put this in doubt.

Lupo Italiano
OriginItaly
Breed statusNot recognised as a breed by any major kennel club.
Traits
Height Males 60–70 cm (24–28 in)[1]
Females 58–65 cm (23–26 in)[1]
Dog (domestic dog)

As it is not recognised by the ENCI, selection and rearing of the Lupo Italiano is carried out by the Lupo Italiano Caregivers Association (Associazione degli Affidatari Allevatori del Lupo Italiano; AAALI), a state-funded nonprofit organisation which prohibits its sale and only allows specimens to be leased to volunteers, police and search and rescue organisations.

Description edit

According to the breed standard established by the Lupo Italiano Caregivers Association (Associazione degli Affidatari Allevatori del Lupo Italiano; AAALI), the Lupo Italiano has a wolf-like muzzle, powerful jaws, and pointed medium-length ears. The eyes should ideally be gold colour and oblique in shape. The adult should be 58 to 68 centimetres (23 to 27 in) at the shoulder, have a robust chest and a back that is not too low. Its tread is light, even in large specimens.[1] The breed's creator claimed that it can run at speeds of 70 kilometres per hour (43 mph).[2] The coat is grey with shades of fulvous or beige, but the standard allows for full black or a white patch on the chest. The tail is long and pendulous when relaxed, but takes on a slight curve when raised.[1]

History edit

According to the breed's creator, former banker Mario Messi, the Lupo Italiano originated in 1966 after he was given a wolf hybrid born from a female Italian wolf, captured in the Province of Rieti by a hunter in his employ, and a male German Shepherd specialised in rescue operations.[2][3][4] The hybrid, "Zorro", was then mated to German Shepherds and their resulting female offspring.[5][2] The specimens were originally kept in a 19th century villa in Cumiana[3] until Messi was ordered to relocate by the mayor of the comune after residents of Borgata Porta complained about the dogs' howls.[6][7] The dogs were moved to a modern facility capable of housing 200 specimens, and included enclosures modeled after the wolf's natural habitat.[5]

In 1980, Messi founded the Original Association for the Selection of Lupo Italianos (Associazione Selezione Originale di Lupi Italiani; ASOLI), a nonprofit organisation dedicated to preserving the breed's purity.[8][5] The organisation was funded by volunteer contributions, and Messi declared that the Lupo Italiano could only be leased for public utility.[9] Official recognition of the Lupo Italiano by the ENCI was slated for July 4, 1982 during the Italian dog breed expo,[5] but this did not materialise due to Messi's refusal to commercialise the breed.[10]

In February 1984, the experimental phase of the breeding project was declared concluded, with the Lupo Italiano's phenotype having been stabilised.[11] Nevertheless, Messi expressed concern that he would have to close the breeding facility, despite the patronage of the Ministry of Public Education and the Ministry of Ecology in Piedmont.[12] The next year, lack of funds made providing food and vaccines to the dogs difficult, resulting in the deaths of several pups from disease and malnutrition.[13][14] In 1987, despite being warned of the possible euthanisation of all 200 dogs in the facility, Messi continued to oppose selling them, even to cover costs.[15]

On July 13, 1987, president Francesco Cossiga signed a decree recognising the ASOLI.[16] The Official Registry of the Lupo Italiano was established later by Filippo Maria Pandolfi, which granted the ASOLI exclusive control over the breed's care and breeding.[17] In 1989, the ASOLI was renamed Lupo Italiano Management Institution (Ente per la Tutela del Lupo Italiano; ETLI) and private ownership of the Lupo Italiano was prohibited by presidential decree.[18][19] Nevertheless, the breeding facility's financial situation continued to be precarious, with Messi launching an appeal for further funding.[20]

In 1990, it was reported that the Lupo Italianos in the Cumiana facility were in poor health due to lack of food, medical treatment and flooding of their enclosures.[21] Two years later, the facility was seized after local health authorities revealed the risk of outbreaks of leptospirosis, piroplasmosis, leishmaniasis and dirofilariasis, and an indictment was requested for lack of hygiene and mistreatment of the dogs in the facility.[22][23]

In 2000, citing a continued lack of funding, Messi implied that he would be forced to transfer ETLI headquarters abroad.[24] The next year, with support from Stefania Belmondo, Messi petitioned to have the Lupo Italiano as the official mascot of the 2006 Winter Olympics.[25] In 2004, the breed was nominated the official assistance dog of the games.[26]

In 2007, it was reported that the Cumiana facility no longer had Lupo Italianos, having become occupied by dogs of different breeds. Minister of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies Luca Zaia noted that the ETLI was deeply in debt and no longer breeding or training its dogs, and criticised Messi's "barely democratic" management policies.[27][28] In May 2010, the ETLI was liquidated by the Turin prefecture and management of the breed was assigned to the Lupo Italiano Caregivers Association (Associazione degli Affidatari Allevatori del Lupo Italiano; AAALI).[29][30]

Genetics edit

In 1982, Mario Messi described the Lupo Italiano as 62.5% German Shepherd and 37.5% Italian wolf.[5] In a 2002 interview, he declared that the breed was "more wolf than dog: 60% wolf and 40% dog".[2] The AAALI gives an average percentage of wolf content at around 30-35%.[31]

In 2007, a group of ecologists from Piedmont, with backing from the Anti-Vivisection League (Lega Anti Vivisezione; LAV), commissioned the Turin chamber of commerce to start an investigation into the genetic profile of the Lupo Italiano. The resulting analyses indicated that there was no wolf content in the breed, prompting the LAV to request the Prodi administration to suspend all funds to the ETLI. Apart from the breed's lack of wolf content, the regional councillor of the ecologists cited Messi's exclusive access to the breed's official registry, which apparently contained irregularities on the number of matings and births.[27][32][28]

In 2017, a further genetic study undertaken by the universities of Milan, Messina, Sassari and Bologna, in collaboration with the Human Genome Project, analysed 142,840 single-nucleotide polymorphisms of 1,609 canids, among which were seven Italian wolves and 263 dogs of Italian origin, including 24 samples of Lupo Italiano provided by the AAALI. Although the study confirmed that the Lupo Italiano is closely related to the German Shepherd, it could not find any significant haplotype sharing between it and the Italian wolf.[33]

  •  
    Fig. a
  •  
    Fig. b
Phylogenetic dendrograms illustrating genetic distance (a) and haplotype sharing (b) between Italian and non-Italian dog breeds and the Italian wolf, with the Lupo Italiano, the German Shepherd and the Italian wolf highlighted

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d "Standard di Razza" [Breed standard]. Associazione degli affidatari allevatori del Lupo Italiano (in Italian). Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d Lorenzetto, Stefano (August 18, 2002). "L'uomo che finì in bocca al lupo" [The man who ended up in the wolf's mouth]. il Giornale (in Italian). Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  3. ^ a b Gianna Baltaro (April 28, 1977). "Cani lupo all'italiana" [Italian-style wolfdogs]. La Stampa (in Italian). Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  4. ^ "Adesso c'è il lupo italiano. Fiero, intelligente, affettuoso" [And now there's the Lupo Italiano. Proud, intelligent, affectionate]. La Stampa (in Italian). July 24, 1980. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Il lupo made in Italy è più noto in Francia" [The Italian-made wolf is more well-known in France]. La Stampa (in Italian). April 4, 1982. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  6. ^ "In pericolo 80 "lupi" sfrattati da Cumiana" [80 "wolves" evicted from Cumana in danger]. La Stampa (in Italian). October 31, 1977. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  7. ^ "Che succede dei lupi di Cumiana?" [What's happening to the wolves of Cumiana?]. La Stampa (in Italian). November 15, 1977. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  8. ^ "Il lupo italiano è di razza. Perché non riconoscerlo?" [The Lupo Italiano is a breed. Why not recognise it?]. La Stampa (in Italian). September 4, 1980. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  9. ^ "La vita segreta di 130 lupi italiani nati e cresciuti in un canile-modello" [The secret life of 130 Lupo Italianos born and bred in a model kennel]. La Stampa (in Italian). February 23, 1983. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  10. ^ [Goodbye Mario Messi, creator of the Lupo Italiano]. Tipresentoilcane.com (in Italian). Archived from the original on December 5, 2012. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  11. ^ Angelo Conti (February 4, 1984). "Il lupo italiano utilizzato nella lotta contro la droga" [The Lupo Italiano used in the war against drugs]. La Stampa (in Italian). Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  12. ^ "Il lupo italiano è senza denaro" [The Lupo Italiano is penniless]. La Stampa (in Italian). July 12, 1984. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  13. ^ "Si salverà il lupo italiano?" [Will the Lupo Italiano be saved?]. La Stampa (in Italian). November 7, 1985. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  14. ^ "Lupo «alpino» e antivalanga" [Alpine and "anti-avalanche" wolf]. La Stampa (in Italian). February 6, 1986. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  15. ^ "Lupo italiano, l'amara fine d'un miracolo" [Lupo Italiano, the bitter end of a miracle]. La Stampa (in Italian). May 19, 1987. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  16. ^ "Riconosciuto il cane lupo «italiano»" ["Italian" wolfdog recognised]. La Stampa (in Italian). July 14, 1987. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  17. ^ "Il lupo italiano è diventato doc" [The Lupo Italiano has gone DOC]. La Stampa (in Italian). April 5, 1988. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  18. ^ "GU n.73 del 29-3-1989". Gazzetta ufficiale della Repubblica italiana (in Italian). Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  19. ^ "Lupo italiano: novità. Ora ha l'ente di tutela" [Lupo Italiano: News. Now it has an institution]. La Stampa (in Italian). January 3, 1989. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  20. ^ "S.O.S il lupo italiano rischia di estinguersi" [S.O.S., the Lupo Italiano is endangered]. La Stampa (in Italian). May 18, 1990. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  21. ^ "Un inverno davvero da «lupi». Nell'allevamento di Cumiana poco cibo e si sguazza nell'acqua" [A real winter for wolves. Flooding and lack of food in the Cumiana facility]. La Stampa (in Italian). November 9, 1990. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  22. ^ "Il lupo italiano sotto sequestro" [The Lupo Italiano seized]. La Stampa (in Italian). October 25, 1992. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  23. ^ "Inquisito allevatore del lupo italiano" [Breeder of Lupo Italiano indicted]. La Stampa (in Italian). July 4, 1993. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  24. ^ ""Legge ferma alla Camera. Il lupo rischia l'estinzione"" [Bill frozen in the Chamber. The Lupo risks extinction]. La Stampa (in Italian). March 27, 2000. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  25. ^ Daniela Giachino (July 29, 2001). "Appello per salvare il lupo italiano" [Appeal to save the Lupo Italiano]. La Stampa (in Italian). Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  26. ^ Roberto Fiori (June 18, 2004). ""Aiutatemi a salvare il lupo italiano"" ["Help me save the Lupo Italiano"]. La Stampa (in Italian). Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  27. ^ a b "Cane lupo italiano, fu vera gloria?" [Italian wolfdog, was it true glory?]. Greenreport.it (in Italian). July 22, 2008. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  28. ^ a b "Sull'Ente per la tutela del lupo italiano (4-00385) (risp. Zaia, ministro delle politiche agricole alimentari e forestali)" (PDF). Senato della Repubblica (in Italian). October 23, 2008. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  29. ^ Erica Di Blasi (February 2, 2014). "Chi ha "scippato" il Lupo italiano" [Who has "stolen" the Lupo Italiano?]. la Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  30. ^ "Non c'è stato scippo sul lupo italiano" [The Lupo Italiano hasn't been stolen]. la Repubblica (in Italian). March 2, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  31. ^ "Educazione & Addestramento" [Education and training]. Associazione degli affidatari allevatori del Lupo Italiano (in Italian). Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  32. ^ "Il lupo italiano è un falso. Basta con i finanziamenti" [The Lupo Italiano is a fake. Stop financing it]. la Repubblica (in Italian). July 31, 2007. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  33. ^ Talenti, Andrea; Dreger, Dayna L; Frattini, Stefano; Polli, Michele; Marelli, Stefano; Harris, Alexander C; Liotta, Luigi; Cocco, Raffaella; Hogan, Andrew N; Bigi, Daniele; Caniglia, Romolo; Parker, Heidi G; Pagnacco, Giulio; Ostrander, Elaine A; Crepaldi, Paola (2018). "Studies of modern Italian dog populations reveal multiple patterns for domestic breed evolution". Ecology and Evolution. 8 (5): 2911–2925. doi:10.1002/ece3.3842. PMC 5838073. PMID 29531705.

External links edit

  • A.A.A.L.I. – APS — The official website of the Lupo Italiano Caregivers Association
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lupo Italiano.

April 18, 2024
lupo, italiano, breed, from, italy, according, creator, breed, foundation, wolf, hybrid, produced, from, crossing, german, shepherd, italian, wolf, though, number, genetic, studies, this, doubt, originitalybreed, statusnot, recognised, breed, major, kennel, cl. The Lupo Italiano is a dog breed from Italy According to its creator the breed s foundation was a wolf hybrid produced from crossing a German Shepherd and an Italian wolf though a number of genetic studies put this in doubt Lupo ItalianoOriginItalyBreed statusNot recognised as a breed by any major kennel club TraitsHeightMales60 70 cm 24 28 in 1 Females58 65 cm 23 26 in 1 Dog domestic dog As it is not recognised by the ENCI selection and rearing of the Lupo Italiano is carried out by the Lupo Italiano Caregivers Association Associazione degli Affidatari Allevatori del Lupo Italiano AAALI a state funded nonprofit organisation which prohibits its sale and only allows specimens to be leased to volunteers police and search and rescue organisations Contents 1 Description 2 History 3 Genetics 4 References 5 External linksDescription editAccording to the breed standard established by the Lupo Italiano Caregivers Association Associazione degli Affidatari Allevatori del Lupo Italiano AAALI the Lupo Italiano has a wolf like muzzle powerful jaws and pointed medium length ears The eyes should ideally be gold colour and oblique in shape The adult should be 58 to 68 centimetres 23 to 27 in at the shoulder have a robust chest and a back that is not too low Its tread is light even in large specimens 1 The breed s creator claimed that it can run at speeds of 70 kilometres per hour 43 mph 2 The coat is grey with shades of fulvous or beige but the standard allows for full black or a white patch on the chest The tail is long and pendulous when relaxed but takes on a slight curve when raised 1 History editAccording to the breed s creator former banker Mario Messi the Lupo Italiano originated in 1966 after he was given a wolf hybrid born from a female Italian wolf captured in the Province of Rieti by a hunter in his employ and a male German Shepherd specialised in rescue operations 2 3 4 The hybrid Zorro was then mated to German Shepherds and their resulting female offspring 5 2 The specimens were originally kept in a 19th century villa in Cumiana 3 until Messi was ordered to relocate by the mayor of the comune after residents of Borgata Porta complained about the dogs howls 6 7 The dogs were moved to a modern facility capable of housing 200 specimens and included enclosures modeled after the wolf s natural habitat 5 In 1980 Messi founded the Original Association for the Selection of Lupo Italianos Associazione Selezione Originale di Lupi Italiani ASOLI a nonprofit organisation dedicated to preserving the breed s purity 8 5 The organisation was funded by volunteer contributions and Messi declared that the Lupo Italiano could only be leased for public utility 9 Official recognition of the Lupo Italiano by the ENCI was slated for July 4 1982 during the Italian dog breed expo 5 but this did not materialise due to Messi s refusal to commercialise the breed 10 In February 1984 the experimental phase of the breeding project was declared concluded with the Lupo Italiano s phenotype having been stabilised 11 Nevertheless Messi expressed concern that he would have to close the breeding facility despite the patronage of the Ministry of Public Education and the Ministry of Ecology in Piedmont 12 The next year lack of funds made providing food and vaccines to the dogs difficult resulting in the deaths of several pups from disease and malnutrition 13 14 In 1987 despite being warned of the possible euthanisation of all 200 dogs in the facility Messi continued to oppose selling them even to cover costs 15 On July 13 1987 president Francesco Cossiga signed a decree recognising the ASOLI 16 The Official Registry of the Lupo Italiano was established later by Filippo Maria Pandolfi which granted the ASOLI exclusive control over the breed s care and breeding 17 In 1989 the ASOLI was renamed Lupo Italiano Management Institution Ente per la Tutela del Lupo Italiano ETLI and private ownership of the Lupo Italiano was prohibited by presidential decree 18 19 Nevertheless the breeding facility s financial situation continued to be precarious with Messi launching an appeal for further funding 20 In 1990 it was reported that the Lupo Italianos in the Cumiana facility were in poor health due to lack of food medical treatment and flooding of their enclosures 21 Two years later the facility was seized after local health authorities revealed the risk of outbreaks of leptospirosis piroplasmosis leishmaniasis and dirofilariasis and an indictment was requested for lack of hygiene and mistreatment of the dogs in the facility 22 23 In 2000 citing a continued lack of funding Messi implied that he would be forced to transfer ETLI headquarters abroad 24 The next year with support from Stefania Belmondo Messi petitioned to have the Lupo Italiano as the official mascot of the 2006 Winter Olympics 25 In 2004 the breed was nominated the official assistance dog of the games 26 In 2007 it was reported that the Cumiana facility no longer had Lupo Italianos having become occupied by dogs of different breeds Minister of Agricultural Food and Forestry Policies Luca Zaia noted that the ETLI was deeply in debt and no longer breeding or training its dogs and criticised Messi s barely democratic management policies 27 28 In May 2010 the ETLI was liquidated by the Turin prefecture and management of the breed was assigned to the Lupo Italiano Caregivers Association Associazione degli Affidatari Allevatori del Lupo Italiano AAALI 29 30 Genetics editIn 1982 Mario Messi described the Lupo Italiano as 62 5 German Shepherd and 37 5 Italian wolf 5 In a 2002 interview he declared that the breed was more wolf than dog 60 wolf and 40 dog 2 The AAALI gives an average percentage of wolf content at around 30 35 31 In 2007 a group of ecologists from Piedmont with backing from the Anti Vivisection League Lega Anti Vivisezione LAV commissioned the Turin chamber of commerce to start an investigation into the genetic profile of the Lupo Italiano The resulting analyses indicated that there was no wolf content in the breed prompting the LAV to request the Prodi administration to suspend all funds to the ETLI Apart from the breed s lack of wolf content the regional councillor of the ecologists cited Messi s exclusive access to the breed s official registry which apparently contained irregularities on the number of matings and births 27 32 28 In 2017 a further genetic study undertaken by the universities of Milan Messina Sassari and Bologna in collaboration with the Human Genome Project analysed 142 840 single nucleotide polymorphisms of 1 609 canids among which were seven Italian wolves and 263 dogs of Italian origin including 24 samples of Lupo Italiano provided by the AAALI Although the study confirmed that the Lupo Italiano is closely related to the German Shepherd it could not find any significant haplotype sharing between it and the Italian wolf 33 nbsp Fig a nbsp Fig bPhylogenetic dendrograms illustrating genetic distance a and haplotype sharing b between Italian and non Italian dog breeds and the Italian wolf with the Lupo Italiano the German Shepherd and the Italian wolf highlightedReferences edit a b c d Standard di Razza Breed standard Associazione degli affidatari allevatori del Lupo Italiano in Italian Retrieved October 15 2022 a b c d Lorenzetto Stefano August 18 2002 L uomo che fini in bocca al lupo The man who ended up in the wolf s mouth il Giornale in Italian Retrieved October 15 2022 a b Gianna Baltaro April 28 1977 Cani lupo all italiana Italian style wolfdogs La Stampa in Italian Retrieved October 15 2022 Adesso c e il lupo italiano Fiero intelligente affettuoso And now there s the Lupo Italiano Proud intelligent affectionate La Stampa in Italian July 24 1980 Retrieved October 15 2022 a b c d e Il lupo made in Italy e piu noto in Francia The Italian made wolf is more well known in France La Stampa in Italian April 4 1982 Retrieved October 15 2022 In pericolo 80 lupi sfrattati da Cumiana 80 wolves evicted from Cumana in danger La Stampa in Italian October 31 1977 Retrieved October 15 2022 Che succede dei lupi di Cumiana What s happening to the wolves of Cumiana La Stampa in Italian November 15 1977 Retrieved October 15 2022 Il lupo italiano e di razza Perche non riconoscerlo The Lupo Italiano is a breed Why not recognise it La Stampa in Italian September 4 1980 Retrieved October 15 2022 La vita segreta di 130 lupi italiani nati e cresciuti in un canile modello The secret life of 130 Lupo Italianos born and bred in a model kennel La Stampa in Italian February 23 1983 Retrieved October 15 2022 Addio a Mario Messi il creatore del lupo italiano Goodbye Mario Messi creator of the Lupo Italiano Tipresentoilcane com in Italian Archived from the original on December 5 2012 Retrieved October 15 2022 Angelo Conti February 4 1984 Il lupo italiano utilizzato nella lotta contro la droga The Lupo Italiano used in the war against drugs La Stampa in Italian Retrieved October 15 2022 Il lupo italiano e senza denaro The Lupo Italiano is penniless La Stampa in Italian July 12 1984 Retrieved October 15 2022 Si salvera il lupo italiano Will the Lupo Italiano be saved La Stampa in Italian November 7 1985 Retrieved October 15 2022 Lupo alpino e antivalanga Alpine and anti avalanche wolf La Stampa in Italian February 6 1986 Retrieved October 15 2022 Lupo italiano l amara fine d un miracolo Lupo Italiano the bitter end of a miracle La Stampa in Italian May 19 1987 Retrieved October 15 2022 Riconosciuto il cane lupo italiano Italian wolfdog recognised La Stampa in Italian July 14 1987 Retrieved October 15 2022 Il lupo italiano e diventato doc The Lupo Italiano has gone DOC La Stampa in Italian April 5 1988 Retrieved October 15 2022 GU n 73 del 29 3 1989 Gazzetta ufficiale della Repubblica italiana in Italian Retrieved October 15 2022 Lupo italiano novita Ora ha l ente di tutela Lupo Italiano News Now it has an institution La Stampa in Italian January 3 1989 Retrieved October 15 2022 S O S il lupo italiano rischia di estinguersi S O S the Lupo Italiano is endangered La Stampa in Italian May 18 1990 Retrieved October 15 2022 Un inverno davvero da lupi Nell allevamento di Cumiana poco cibo e si sguazza nell acqua A real winter for wolves Flooding and lack of food in the Cumiana facility La Stampa in Italian November 9 1990 Retrieved October 15 2022 Il lupo italiano sotto sequestro The Lupo Italiano seized La Stampa in Italian October 25 1992 Retrieved October 15 2022 Inquisito allevatore del lupo italiano Breeder of Lupo Italiano indicted La Stampa in Italian July 4 1993 Retrieved October 15 2022 Legge ferma alla Camera Il lupo rischia l estinzione Bill frozen in the Chamber The Lupo risks extinction La Stampa in Italian March 27 2000 Retrieved October 15 2022 Daniela Giachino July 29 2001 Appello per salvare il lupo italiano Appeal to save the Lupo Italiano La Stampa in Italian Retrieved October 15 2022 Roberto Fiori June 18 2004 Aiutatemi a salvare il lupo italiano Help me save the Lupo Italiano La Stampa in Italian Retrieved October 15 2022 a b Cane lupo italiano fu vera gloria Italian wolfdog was it true glory Greenreport it in Italian July 22 2008 Retrieved October 15 2022 a b Sull Ente per la tutela del lupo italiano 4 00385 risp Zaia ministro delle politiche agricole alimentari e forestali PDF Senato della Repubblica in Italian October 23 2008 Retrieved October 15 2022 Erica Di Blasi February 2 2014 Chi ha scippato il Lupo italiano Who has stolen the Lupo Italiano la Repubblica in Italian Retrieved October 15 2022 Non c e stato scippo sul lupo italiano The Lupo Italiano hasn t been stolen la Repubblica in Italian March 2 2014 Retrieved October 15 2022 Educazione amp Addestramento Education and training Associazione degli affidatari allevatori del Lupo Italiano in Italian Retrieved October 15 2022 Il lupo italiano e un falso Basta con i finanziamenti The Lupo Italiano is a fake Stop financing it la Repubblica in Italian July 31 2007 Retrieved October 15 2022 Talenti Andrea Dreger Dayna L Frattini Stefano Polli Michele Marelli Stefano Harris Alexander C Liotta Luigi Cocco Raffaella Hogan Andrew N Bigi Daniele Caniglia Romolo Parker Heidi G Pagnacco Giulio Ostrander Elaine A Crepaldi Paola 2018 Studies of modern Italian dog populations reveal multiple patterns for domestic breed evolution Ecology and Evolution 8 5 2911 2925 doi 10 1002 ece3 3842 PMC 5838073 PMID 29531705 External links editA A A L I APS The official website of the Lupo Italiano Caregivers Association nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lupo Italiano Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lupo Italiano amp oldid 1155468439, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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