Lucius D. Battle
Lucius Durham Battle (June 1, 1918 – May 13, 2008) was a career Foreign Service officer who served with distinction in Washington, Europe and Southwest Asia.
Lucius Battle | |
|---|---|
| United States Ambassador to Egypt | |
| In office September 22, 1964 – March 5, 1967 | |
| President | Lyndon B. Johnson |
| Preceded by | John S. Badeau |
| Succeeded by | Richard H. Nolte |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Lucius Durham Battle June 1, 1918 Dawson, Georgia, U.S. |
| Died | May 13, 2008 (aged 89) Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Spouse | Betty Davis Battle |
| Education | University of Florida |
| Profession | Diplomat |
Early life edit
Battle was born on June 1, 1918, in Dawson, Georgia, and his family later moved to Bradenton, Florida. He received his undergraduate (1939) and law (1946) degrees from the University of Florida, and spent World War II in the Navy serving in the Pacific theatre.
His wife, Betty Davis Battle (1924–2004), was a Stanford-educated political scientist, attorney, and arts foundation official at the Woodward Foundation, which placed works by American artists in embassies around the world.
State Department career edit
After the war, Battle moved to Washington with the goal of joining the foreign service. He had no prior connections and no Ivy league credentials, but with persistence he was finally hired to the Canada desk of the United States Department of State in 1946, during the administration of President Harry S. Truman. A chance encounter with Dean Acheson led to his being elevated to the position of Special Assistant to the Secretary of State. He traveled with Acheson, served as his right-hand man, attended meetings, and saw every piece of paper that entered or left the Secretary's office. Acheson grew quite fond of his "indispensable aide," once noting with a nod toward Battle, that a successful diplomat needs "an assistant with nerves of steel, a sense of purpose, and a Southern accent." The two men would remain close friends for the rest of Acheson's life.
As Acheson's tenure was coming to a close, Battle moved overseas to serve as First Secretary in the American Embassy, Copenhagen from 1953 to 1955. Then he moved to Paris for one year at North Atlantic Treaty Organization headquarters in Paris, under Lord Ismay before returning to the States in 1956 to work with the Rockefeller Family as Vice President of Colonial Williamsburg.
After the election of President John F. Kennedy in 1960, Battle returned to Washington to rejoin the State Department as its first Executive Secretary (until May 1962). He next served as Assistant Secretary of State for Education and Culture (June 5, 1962, to August 20, 1964), helping to coordinate cultural events in Washington and working with Senator J. William Fulbright on the Fulbright Scholars program.
In September 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him as U.S. Ambassador to the United Arab Republic (Egypt). In Cairo, he faced a number of challenges, including the Thanksgiving Day attack on the U.S. Embassy Library, which was burned to the ground by a group of African students protesting U.S. policies. Battle was effective and well regarded by his Egyptian counterparts, despite increasing tensions between Gamal Abdel Nasser and U.S. officials.
On March 5, 1967, Battle left Egypt to return to Washington to take up the position of Assistant Secretary of State for the Near East and North Africa. (He has the rare distinction among Foreign Service officers of having held the position of Assistant Secretary twice.) Within weeks, Israel attacked Egypt and the Six-Day War began. During the Six-Day War, Israeli aerial and naval forces attacked the USS Liberty as she was in international waters.[1] The Israeli government claimed the attack was a case of mistaken identity. Survivors of the attack were ordered to not discuss the attack with anyone, including their families. Battle described the attack as “incomprehensible” and observed that “We failed to let it all come out publicly at the time. We really ignored it for all practical purposes, and we shouldn’t have…Most of us knew that they were guilty of a deliberate attack.”[2] These comments have lent credibility to the theory that the attack was deliberate.
Later career edit
In 1968, Battle resigned from the Foreign Service to work as Vice President of Communications Satellite Corporation (COMSAT).
Battle turned down two Ambassadorial posts: to Vietnam in the Johnson administration and to Iran in 1977, thereby avoiding captivity during the Iran hostage crisis.
He became president of the Middle East Institute, from 1973 to 1975 before returning to Comsat until 1980. Next he started the Foreign Policy Institute at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in 1980, and finished his career as president of the Middle East Institute from 1986 until his retirement in 1990.
In 1984, Ambassador Battle was awarded the Foreign Service Cup, an award given annually to a retired Foreign Service officer by Diplomatic and Consular Officers, Retired.
Affiliations edit
Battle served on the board of directors of a number of institutions, including:
- Trustee of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
- Trustee, Washington Gallery of Modern Art
- President of the American Foreign Service Association
- Vice Chairman of Meridian House International
- Chairman of Governing Board at St. Albans School
- Member of the Chapter of the Washington National Cathedral
- President of Bacon House Foundation
- Trustee of the George C. Marshall Foundation
- Director of the Foreign Policy Association and the World Affairs Council
- National Board of the Smithsonian Associates
- Board of Governors of the Metropolitan Club
- American Academy of Diplomacy
- First chairman of the
- Trustee of the American University in Cairo
- Chairman of the Visiting Committee for the Center for Middle Eastern Studies of Harvard College
- Member of the Advisory Board of the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies of Georgetown University
- Advisory Committee, American Near East Refugee Aid
Writings edit
- Communications and the Economy: Communications and Peace, by Lucius D. Battle, 1975
- "Peace: Inshallah", article in Foreign Policy, No. 14, Spring 1974.
- Reminiscences of Lucius D. Battle, Oral History. 51 pp., 1974 [1]
References edit
External links edit
- Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum: Lucius D. Battle papers and oral history
- John F. Kennedy Presidential Library:
- Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library: oral history
- The Library of Congress: Two interviews in the Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training: July 10, 1991 and November 14, 1968
- U.S. Department of State: Lucius D. Battle official biography
- CNN Cold War series
- Columbia University International Negotiations Project: oral history about Cyprus crisis 1968[permanent dead link]
- National Council on US Arab Relations
- The First Resort of Kings: American Cultural Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century by Richard T. Arndt, Chapter on Battle's tenure in cultural affairs in '61 and his work to bolster the Peace Corps: [2]
- University of Virginia archives: transcript of interview with Paige Mulholland about the Johnson administration[permanent dead link]
- Cairo Ambassador's Residence photo, website showing the
- Lucius D. Battle at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Obituary at The New York Times