Luc Hoffmann

For other people named Lukas Hoffmann, see Lukas Hoffmann (disambiguation).

Hans Lukas "Luc" Hoffmann (23 January 1923 – 21 July 2016) was a Swiss ornithologist, conservationist, and philanthropist.^[1][2] He co-founded the World Wildlife Fund (WWF),^[3] helped establish the Ramsar Convention for the protection of wetlands,^[4] and set up the Tour du Valat [fr] research centre in the Camargue area of France.^[5] In 2012, Luc Hoffmann's MAVA Foundation, along with WWF International, established the Luc Hoffmann Institute.^[6] He was the author of more than 60 books, mostly ornithological.

Luc Hoffmann
Hoffmann in 2009
Born	Hans Lukas Hoffmann (1923-01-23)23 January 1923 Basel, Switzerland
Died	21 July 2016(2016-07-21) (aged 93) Camargue, France
Occupation(s)	Ornithologist, conservationist, philanthropist
Known for	Co-founder and first president of the WWF International
Spouse	Daria Razumovsky
Children	4, including André Hoffmann, Vera Michalski and Maja Hoffmann
Relatives	Fritz Hoffmann-La Roche (grandfather)

Early life

Luc Hoffmann was born in Basel, the second son of the businessman and art-lover Emanuel Hoffmann and the sculptor Maja Hoffmann-Stehlin. His father died in a car crash when he was nine years old^[7] and the following year his older brother died of leukaemia. His mother then married the Swiss composer Paul Sacher.^[8] Despite the family's great wealth, Hoffmann was raised frugally. His enthusiasm for the natural world developed during his childhood and he spent much of his free time bird watching in the Basel area. His first academic paper, "Der Durchzug der Strandvögel in der Umgebung Basels" (the passage of seabirds in the vicinity of Basel) appeared in Der Ornithologische Beobachter (the Bird Observer) in 1941, when he was still a schoolboy.^[9]

In 1941, he enrolled at the University of Basel, studying botany and zoology. In 1943 he was conscripted into the Swiss Army, rising to the rank of lieutenant. After the end of the second world war, Hoffmann conducted scientific research and earned a doctorate (PhD) for his work on the different color patterns of the chicks of the common tern (Sterna hirundo) in the Camargue on the Mediterranean coast of France.^[10] His supervisor at the University of Basel was Adolf Portmann.

Conservation work

In 1947, Hoffmann bought an estate in the Camargue and in 1954 he established the Tour du Valat biological research station on it.^[11] The continued presence of greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) in France has been attributed to conservation work conducted at Tour du Valat. Hoffmann also supported the breeding of Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) nearby and their reintroduction to their native Mongolia in 2004.^[12] Generations of ecologists have trained at Tour du Valat, including John Krebs. More than 60 Ph.D.s have been awarded for research conducted at Tour du Valat by students enrolled at universities in France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Canada and the United Kingdom.^[13] From 1953 to 1996, Hoffmann was on the board of Hoffmann-la Roche.^[14]

With Peter Scott, Julian Huxley, Max Nicholson and others, Hoffmann became a founder member of the World Wildlife Fund in 1961.^[15] He was appointed as its vice-president at the inaugural meeting and served in that role until 1988. He was made vice-president emeritus in 1998. Hoffmann helped establish the Doñana National Park in Andalusia in 1963.^[16] He also helped set up the national appeal in Austria in 1963 and in the 1980s served as president of the French national appeal.

Hoffmann was one of the founding fathers of the Ramsar Convention,^[17] one of the first intergovernmental treaties to protect the environment. The convention aims to conserve wetlands: land that is permanently or periodically covered by shallow water and which typically hosts migratory birds. Some 160 countries^[18] have so far contracted to protect their wetlands under the convention, which was devised in 1971 and came into force in 1975.

In 1994, Hoffmann established the MAVA Foundation, which distributes grants for nature conservation in the Mediterranean, the west coast of Africa and the Alps.^[19] Yolande Clergue's original ambition to create a Fondation Van Gogh was given new momentum by Luc Hoffmann who established a permanent framework in 2008 called Fondation Vincent van Gogh Arles for activities designed to preserve the memory of Vincent van Gogh in Arles and to foster contemporary art. In 2012, The MAVA Foundation and WWF International established the Luc Hoffmann Institute to honour the conservation legacy of Luc Hoffmann. The Institute focuses on catalyzing new scientific ideas to solve this century's increasingly complex and interconnected conservation challenges. His son, André Hoffmann, sits on the Institute's Advisory Board.^[20]

Hoffmann also made significant contributions to nature conservation in: the Neusiedler See in Austria; the Hortobágy National Park in Hungary; the Prespa region that straddles Greece, Albania and Macedonia;^[21] and the Banc d'Arguin National Park in Mauritania.^[22]

In 2003, a major endowment in honour of Hoffmann's eightieth birthday led to the establishment of the Luc Hoffmann Chair in Field Ornithology at Oxford University's Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology.^[23]

Awards

• Honorary Doctorate from the University of Basel (2001)
• Euronature-Environmental Prize (2007)
• Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1973)^[24]
• Chevalier of the National Order of the Légion d'honneur (1989)^[25]
• Duke of Edinburgh Conservation Medal awarded by the World Wide Fund for Nature (1998)^[26]
• John C Phillips Medal awarded by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (2004).^[27]
• Honorary Doctorate Degree from Business School Lausanne (2013)

Marriage and family

Hoffmann's grandfather, Fritz Hoffmann-La Roche, founded the company Hoffmann-La Roche in 1896. He was the son of the industrialist Emanuel "Manno" Hoffmann (1896–1932) and the sculptor Maja born Stehlin (1896–1989) and the brother of Vera Oeri-Hoffmann.^[28] His family is the majority shareholder in the pharmaceuticals company Hoffmann-La Roche. He used his wealth to endow the MAVA Foundation,^[29] which funds nature conservation projects worldwide. He was a chevalier of the National Order of the Légion d'honneur and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.^[30]

In 1953, in Vienna, Hoffmann married Daria Razumovsky (1925-2002),^[31] the second child of Count Andreas Razumovsky and Princess Katharina Nikolajevna Sayn-Wittgenstein, who fled Russia in 1918 after the October Revolution. Together they had four children: Vera, Maja, André and Daschenka.

References

1. The International Who's Who 2004. Routledge, 2003, ISBN 1-857-43217-7
2. Nicholas Polunin [es] & Lynn M. Curme (1997) World Who Is Who and Who Does What in Environment & Conservation. Earthscan p. 138, ISBN 1134059450
3. Ramsar honours WWF pioneers" 6 July 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2012
4. 40th Anniversary Honorary Ramsar Award: Dr Luc Hoffmann" 3 May 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2012
5. A word from the founder" Official Tour du Valat site 18 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 21 August 2012
6. About The Luc Hoffmann Institute. Retrieved 22 July 2016
7. "Emanuel Hoffmann" Amerikanische Schweizer Zeitung New York 26 October 1932.
8. "Paul Sacher" The Economist 3 June 1999. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
9. Lukas Hoffmann and Hugo Wyss (1941) "Der Durchzug der Strandvögel in der Umgebung Basels" Der Ornithologische Beobachter pp. 144-160.
10. Hans Lukas Hoffmann (1953) "Form und Entstehung des Zeichnungsmusters dunenjunger Flußseeschwalben (Sterna hirundo)" Rev. Suisse Zool. Vol 60 pp. 653–706.
11. "A word from the founder 18 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine" Official Tour du Valat site. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
12. "Association pour le Cheval de Przewalski 31 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine" Official TAKH site. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
13. . Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
14. Hans Conrad Peyer [de] (1996) Roche: A Company History 1896 to 1996. Roche p. 167 ISBN 3-907770-59-5.
15. Alexis Schwarzenbach (2011) Saving the World's Wildlife: WWF, the First 50 Years. Profile Books, p. 42, ISBN 978-1846685309
16. "WWF in the 1960s" Official WWF site. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
17. Geoffrey Matthews (1993) "The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands: Its History and Development" Ramsar Convention Bureau, ISBN 2-940073-00-7
18. "Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands 9 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine" Official Ramsar Convention Bureau site. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
19. "Learn more about the foundation 10 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine" Official MAVA Foundation site. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
20. Luc Hoffmann Institute About Us, Luc Hoffmann Institute Advisory Board. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
21. "Society for the Protection of Prespa 9 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine" Official WWF-Greece site. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
22. "La Fondation" Official La Fondation Internationale du Banc d'Arguin site. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
23. "Luc Hoffmann, who helped start the World Wildlife Fund for Nature, dies at 93". Associated Press. 26 July 2016 – via www.washingtonpost.com.
24. Catherine Borras "AAAS Council Meeting, 1981" Science 27 February 1981, Vol. 211, No. 4485, p. 922.
25. "Download CV Luc Hoffmann 18 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine" Official Tour du Valat site. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
26. "The Duke of Edinburgh Conservation Medal 25 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine" Official WWF site. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
27. "Recipients of the John C. Phillips Memorial Medal for distinguished service in international conservation 20 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine" Official IUCN site. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
28. Genealogical tree of the Hoffmann family.
29. "MAVA's beginnings" Official MAVA foundation site. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
30. "Download CV Luc Hoffmann 18 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine" Official Tour du Valat site. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
31. "Daria Hoffmann 1925-2002"

External links

• Luc Hoffmann Institute
• MAVA Foundation