When grown on LJ medium, M. tuberculosis appears as brown, granular colonies (sometimes called "buff, rough and tough"). The medium must be incubated for a significant length of time, usually four weeks, due to the slow doubling time of M. tuberculosis (15–20 hours) compared with other bacteria.
The medium is named after the Austrian pathologist Ernst Löwenstein (1878–1950) and the Danish medical doctor Kai Adolf Jensen (16.7.1894-2.5.1971).[2]
The original formulation included starch, which was later found to be unnecessary, so omitted.
Low levels of penicillin and nalidixic acid are also present in LJ medium to inhibit growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, to limit growth to Mycobacterium species only. Presence of malachite green in the medium inhibits most other bacteria. It is disinfected and solidified by a process of inspissation. Presence of glycerol enhances the growth of M. tuberculosis.
If the slopes are made on test tubes, they must be stored in cold and used within a month.
For differentiating different species of Mycobacterium (by colony morphology, growth rate, biochemical characteristics, and microscopy)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium bovis
Eugonic, rough tough and buff
Dysgonic
Aerobic
Microaerophillic
Glycerol enhancement +
Glycerol enhancement -
Pyruvate enhancement +
Pyruvate enhancement -
Niacin production +
Niacin production -
Alternativesedit
Alternative culture mediaedit
While LJ medium is the most popular means of culturing mycobacteria, as recommended by the International Union against Tuberculosis, several alternative media have been investigated.[4]
Solid mediaedit
Egg-based – Petragnani medium[5] and Dorset medium
The chief limitation of culture-based techniques is the time it takes to culture positivity, which can be several months. Several new molecular technologies have emerged in recent years to secure more speedy confirmation of diagnosis.
^Elbir H, Abdel-Muhsin AM, Babiker A (February 2008). "A one-step DNA PCR-based method for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex grown on Löwenstein–Jensen media". Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 78 (2): 316–7. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.316. PMID 18256436.
^Smith, Kenneth (March 22, 2021). "How TB Diagnostics Have Evolved Since the Second Century". American Society for Microbiology. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
^Textbook of Microbiology by Ananthanarayan and Panicker, Sixth Edition
^Martin, R. S.; Sumarah, R. K.; Robart, E. M. (November 1975). "Comparison of Four Culture Media for the Isolation of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: a 2-Year Study" (PDF). Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2 (5): 438–440. doi:10.1128/jcm.2.5.438-440.1975. PMC274204. PMID 811686.
April 13, 2024
löwenstein, jensen, medium, more, commonly, known, medium, growth, medium, specially, used, culture, mycobacterium, species, notably, mycobacterium, tuberculosis, löwenstein, jensen, agarslant, tubes, löwenstein, jensen, medium, from, left, right, negative, co. Lowenstein Jensen medium more commonly known as LJ medium is a growth medium 1 specially used for culture of Mycobacterium species notably Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lowenstein Jensen medium Lowenstein Jensen agarSlant tubes of Lowenstein Jensen medium From left to right Negative control M tuberculosis Dry appearing colonies Mycobacterium avium complex Wet appearing colonies M gordonae Yellowish coloniesAcronymLJ mediumUsesCulturingRelated itemsPetri dishGrowth mediumWhen grown on LJ medium M tuberculosis appears as brown granular colonies sometimes called buff rough and tough The medium must be incubated for a significant length of time usually four weeks due to the slow doubling time of M tuberculosis 15 20 hours compared with other bacteria The medium is named after the Austrian pathologist Ernst Lowenstein 1878 1950 and the Danish medical doctor Kai Adolf Jensen 16 7 1894 2 5 1971 2 Contents 1 Composition 2 Uses 3 Alternatives 3 1 Alternative culture media 3 1 1 Solid media 3 1 2 Liquid media 3 2 Rapid detection techniques 4 See also 5 ReferencesComposition editThe usual composition 3 as applicable to M tuberculosis is Malachite green Glycerol Asparagine Potato starch Coagulated eggs Mineral salt solution Potassium dihydrogen phosphate Magnesium sulfate Sodium citrateThe original formulation included starch which was later found to be unnecessary so omitted Low levels of penicillin and nalidixic acid are also present in LJ medium to inhibit growth of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria to limit growth to Mycobacterium species only Presence of malachite green in the medium inhibits most other bacteria It is disinfected and solidified by a process of inspissation Presence of glycerol enhances the growth of M tuberculosis If the slopes are made on test tubes they must be stored in cold and used within a month For cultivation of M bovis glycerol is omitted and sodium pyruvate is added The medium appears green opaque and opalescent Uses edit nbsp Distinctive clusters of colorless Mycobacterium tuberculosisFor diagnosis of mycobacterial infections For testing antibiotic susceptibility of isolates For differentiating different species of Mycobacterium by colony morphology growth rate biochemical characteristics and microscopy Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium bovisEugonic rough tough and buff DysgonicAerobic MicroaerophillicGlycerol enhancement Glycerol enhancement Pyruvate enhancement Pyruvate enhancement Niacin production Niacin production Alternatives editAlternative culture media edit While LJ medium is the most popular means of culturing mycobacteria as recommended by the International Union against Tuberculosis several alternative media have been investigated 4 Solid media edit Egg based Petragnani medium 5 and Dorset medium Middlebrook 7H10 agar Middlebrook 7H11 agar Blood based Tarshis medium Serum based Loeffler medium Potato based Pawlowsky mediumLiquid media edit Dubos medium Middlebrook 7H9 broth Proskauer and Beck s medium Sula s medium Sauton s mediumRapid detection techniques edit The chief limitation of culture based techniques is the time it takes to culture positivity which can be several months Several new molecular technologies have emerged in recent years to secure more speedy confirmation of diagnosis Polymerase chain reaction GeneXpert MTB RIF Loop mediated isothermal amplificationSee also editKinyoun stain Tuberculosis Tuberculosis diagnosis Ziehl Neelsen stainReferences edit Elbir H Abdel Muhsin AM Babiker A February 2008 A one step DNA PCR based method for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex grown on Lowenstein Jensen media Am J Trop Med Hyg 78 2 316 7 doi 10 4269 ajtmh 2008 78 316 PMID 18256436 Smith Kenneth March 22 2021 How TB Diagnostics Have Evolved Since the Second Century American Society for Microbiology Retrieved June 8 2021 1 Textbook of Microbiology by Ananthanarayan and Panicker Sixth Edition Martin R S Sumarah R K Robart E M November 1975 Comparison of Four Culture Media for the Isolation of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis a 2 Year Study PDF Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2 5 438 440 doi 10 1128 jcm 2 5 438 440 1975 PMC 274204 PMID 811686 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lowenstein Jensen medium amp oldid 1184793264, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
