Louis Stokes
Louis Stokes (February 23, 1925 – August 18, 2015) was an American attorney, civil rights pioneer and politician. He served 15 terms in the United States House of Representatives – representing the east side of Cleveland – and was the first African American congressman elected in the state of Ohio.[1] He was one of the Cold War-era chairmen of the House Intelligence Committee, headed the Congressional Black Caucus, and was the first African American on the House Appropriations Committee.[2]
Louis Stokes | |
|---|---|
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio | |
| In office January 3, 1969 – January 3, 1999 | |
| Preceded by | Charles Vanik |
| Succeeded by | Stephanie Tubbs Jones |
| Constituency | 21st district (1969–93) 11th district (1993–99) |
| Chair of the House Ethics Committee | |
| In office January 3, 1991 – January 3, 1993 | |
| Preceded by | Julian C. Dixon |
| Succeeded by | Jim McDermott |
| In office January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1985 | |
| Preceded by | Charles Bennett |
| Succeeded by | Julian C. Dixon |
| Chair of the House Intelligence Committee | |
| In office January 3, 1987 – January 3, 1989 | |
| Preceded by | Lee H. Hamilton |
| Succeeded by | Anthony Beilenson |
| Personal details | |
| Born | February 23, 1925 Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | August 18, 2015 (aged 90) Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Jeannette "Jay" Stokes |
| Children | 4 |
| Relatives | Carl Stokes (Brother) |
| Education | Case Western Reserve University Cleveland State University (JD) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1943–1946 |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
Early life edit
Stokes was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Louise (née Stone) and Charles Stokes.[3] He and his brother, politician Carl B. Stokes, lived in one of the first federally funded housing projects, the Outhwaite Homes. Stokes attended Central High School and later served in the U.S. Army from 1943 to 1946. After attending Western Reserve University and the Cleveland State University College of Law on the G.I. Bill,[2] Stokes began practicing law in Cleveland in 1953. He argued the "stop and frisk" case of Terry v. Ohio before the United States Supreme Court in 1968.[2] Later in 1968, he was elected to the House, representing the 21st District of Ohio on Cleveland's East Side. He shifted to the newly created 11th District, covering much of the same area following a 1992 redistricting. Stokes served 30 years in total, retiring in 1999.[citation needed]
Career edit
Stokes' tenure in the House of Representatives included service on the House Appropriations Committee, where he was influential in bringing revenue to Cleveland. He was particularly interested in veterans' issues and secured funds for health-care facilities for veterans in Cleveland.[2]
In the 1970s, Stokes served as chairman of the House Select Committee on Assassinations, charged with investigating the murders of President John F. Kennedy and civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. He served on the House committee that investigated the Iran-Contra Affair. As chairman of the House Ethics Committee, Stokes oversaw the committee's investigation of a corruption scandal known as ABSCAM in 1979–80, which eventually led to convictions of one senator and six House members. Recalling Stokes, U.S. Attorney Steven Dettelbach said: "We were in the midst of a huge ... corruption scandal, and public service was taking a public beating. But Lou Stokes was there as a shining beacon of integrity, of excellence and most important of all for us, of justice."[2]
In 1971, he was a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus.
In 1992, Stokes ran for president as an Ohio favorite son, winning the delegates from his home district in Ohio, and then, in a minor Democratic convention drama, refused to release the delegate's votes until the Clinton campaign formally asked for them.[2]
Following his time in Congress, Stokes became a distinguished visiting professor at the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences at Case Western Reserve University. He actively served in this role until the time of his death.
Personal life edit
Stokes' daughter, Angela, is a former Cleveland Municipal Court judge who served from 1995 through 2015, while another, Lori, is currently Co-anchor of The 5 O'clock News and The 10 O'clock news and Anchor of The 6 O'clock News and former Co-anchor of Good Day New York WNYW Fox 5. His son, Chuck, is also a journalist with WXYZ-TV in Detroit. Stokes' brother, Carl B. Stokes, was the first African American mayor of a large American city.[2] Stokes was a cousin of funk and R&B musician Rick James.[4][5]
Stokes was a Prince Hall Freemason,[6] and a member of the Cleveland Alumni chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity.
Later life and death edit
Stokes retired in 2012 as senior counsel in the law firm of Squire, Sanders & Dempsey, with offices in Cleveland and Washington.[7]
On July 20, 2015, it was reported that Stokes had both brain cancer and lung cancer.[1] He died on August 18, 2015, at his home in Cleveland from the diseases at the age of 90.[2][8] He was interred at Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland.[9]
Legacy edit
The Cuyahoga Metropolitan Housing Authority opened the Louis Stokes Museum on September 13, 2007.[10][11] This museum houses Stokes memorabilia, video interviews, miscellaneous video footage, awards and a written history about Stokes and his rise to prominence. The museum is located at Outhwaite Homes, 4302 Quincy Avenue.[11]
From 2006 to 2008, the Western Reserve Historical Society opened an exhibition on the lives of Congressman Stokes and his brother titled "Carl and Louis Stokes: From the Projects to Politics". The exhibit uses photographs, manuscript collections, and personal items to showcase Louis Stokes' rise from the Outhwaite homes, his legal career, and his Congressional service. The former Congressman was inducted into the Karamu House Hall of Fame in 2007 for his contributions to the continued legacy of Cleveland's black settlement house and theatre.[citation needed]
Many buildings throughout the country have been named in Stokes honor including: Howard University's medical library, the Cleveland Public Library's main building expansion, and the GCRTA's Windermere station Louis Stokes Station at Windermere. The greater Cleveland area Veteran's hospital was renamed the Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center. Building 50 on the campus of the National Institutes of Health is named the Louis Stokes Laboratories.[12]
Congressman Stokes' alma mater, Case Western Reserve University, offers the Louis Stokes Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Scholarship worth full tuition to an incoming first-year or transfer undergraduate student. It is intended to help economically and educationally disadvantaged students attain an education at the school.[13]
Autobiography edit
- Louis Stokes with David Chanoff (2016): The Gentleman from Ohio. (Foreword by Congressman John Lewis). Trillium Books, The Ohio State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8142-1312-4
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b "Louis Stokes diagnosed with lung and brain cancer". cleveland.com. 20 July 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Longtime Ohio Congressman Louis Stokes dies at 90", aol.com, August 19, 2015; retrieved August 20, 2015.
- ^ "STOKES, LOUIS - The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History". Case Western Reserve University. August 21, 2015. from the original on April 28, 2017. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
- ^ "Thousands Pay Final Respects to Rick James". Fox News. 2004-08-15. Retrieved 2017-06-21.
- ^ "Rick James". Uncrowned Community Builders. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
- ^ Gray, David (2012). The History of the Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Ohio F&AM 1971–2011: The Fabric of Freemasonry. Columbus, Ohio: Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Ohio F&AM. p. 414. ISBN 978-0615632957.
- ^ "Squire Sanders Announces Louis Stokes' Retirement as Senior Counsel", Squire Patton Boggs, December 6, 2012.
- ^ WKYC Staff (August 19, 2015). "Former Congressman Louis Stokes has died". WKYC. Retrieved August 19, 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ United States Congress. "Louis Stokes (id: s000948)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- ^ Turner, Kari (September 13, 2007). "Louis Stokes Museum opens in Cleveland". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved September 21, 2020.
- ^ a b "Louis Stokes Museum". Destination Cleveland. Retrieved September 21, 2020.
- ^ . Archived from the original on June 27, 2001. Retrieved August 20, 2015.
- ^ "Louis Stokes Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Scholarship". case.edu. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
External links edit
- History.house.gov
- on PBS's World channel
- "Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation (LSAMP)". National Science Foundation. The National Science Foundation has funded "Louis Stokes Alliances" to support post-secondary education of minority students.
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Louis Stokes at Find a Grave