List of people who have undergone electroconvulsive therapy

This is a list of people treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Use of electrical apparatus. Bergonic chair for giving general electric treatment for psychological effect in psycho-neurotic cases (World War I era)

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

• Linda Andre, American author, activist, director of the Committee for Truth in Psychiatry (CTIP), and self-described psychiatric survivor.^[1][2]
• Louis Althusser, French marxist philosopher^{[citation needed]}
• Antonin Artaud, French poet and playwright^[3][4]
• Dick Cavett, American television talk show host^[5]
• Ted Chabasinski, American attorney, activist, and self-described psychiatric survivor who received ECT at six years of age.^[6][7]
• Clementine Churchill, wife of Sir Winston Churchill ^[8]
• Paulo Coelho, author of The Alchemist^[9]
• Simone D., a pseudonym for a psychiatric patient in the Creedmoor Psychiatric Center in New York,^[10] who in 2007 won a court ruling which set aside a two-year-old court order to give her electroshock treatment against her will^[11][12]
• Duplessis Orphans Orphans of the 1950s in the province of Quebec, Canada, endured electroshock.
• Kitty Dukakis, wife of former Massachusetts governor and 1988 Democratic presidential nominee Michael Dukakis and author of Shock,^[13] a book chronicling her experiences with ECT^[14]
• Thomas Eagleton, US senator and vice presidential candidate^[15]
• Eduard Einstein (28 July 1910 – 25 October 1965) Albert Einstein's second son had ECT. Hans Albert Einstein, his brother thought the psychiatric treatment made him worse.^[16]
• Roky Erickson, American singer, songwriter, harmonica player and guitarist^[17]
• Frances Farmer, American film actress, who described standing in line with other girls at mental hospital waiting for shock treatments in the 1940s.
• Carrie Fisher, American actress and novelist^[18] Fisher speaks at length of her experiences with ECT in her autobiography Wishful Drinking.
• Janet Frame, New Zealand writer and poet^[19]
• Leonard Roy Frank, is a published author, human rights activist, and self-described psychiatric survivor.^[20][21]
• Judy Garland, Singer, dancer, actress.
• Harold Gimblett, British cricketer^[22]
• Julie Goodyear, English actress from Coronation Street.^[23]
• Peter Green, English blues guitarist, founding member of Fleetwood Mac.^[24][25]
• David Helfgott, Australian pianist^[26]
• Ernest Hemingway, American Pulitzer Prize–winning novelist, Nobel Laureate, short-story writer, and journalist^[27][28]
• Gregory Hemingway, son of Ernest Hemingway
• Marya Hornbacher, American writer^[29]
• Vladimir Horowitz, Russian-American classical pianist^[30]
• Vivien Leigh, English actress and second wife of Laurence Olivier^[31]
• Oscar Levant, American pianist, composer, television and film personality^[32]
• Carmen Miranda, Luso-Brazilian Singer, dancer, actress^{[citation needed]}
• Michael Moriarty, American actor^[33]
• Robbie Muir, Australian rules football player - when aged seven.^[34]
• Sherwin B. Nuland, American surgeon and writer^[35]
• Andrew Loog Oldham, manager of The Rolling Stones^{[citation needed]}
• Karolina Olsson, the "Sleeping Beauty of Oknö"^{[citation needed]}
• Sam Phillips, founder, Sun Records, discoverer of Elvis Presley ^[36]
• Robert M. Pirsig, who later wrote about his experience in the autobiographical novel Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance.
• Sylvia Plath, American writer and poet^[37][38]
• Emil Post, American mathematician, died in 1954 of a heart attack following electroshock treatment for depression;^[39][40] he was 57.
• Bud Powell, American jazz musician^[41]
• Lou Reed, American singer-songwriter ^[42][43]
• Marilyn Rice, anti-electroconvulsive therapy activist^[44]
• Paul Robeson, American bass singer and actor^[45]
• Yves Saint-Laurent, French fashion designer^[46]
• Peggy S. Salters, from South Carolina, in 2005 became the first survivor of electroshock treatment in the United States to win a jury verdict and a large money judgment ($635,177) in compensation for extensive permanent amnesia and cognitive disability caused by the procedure^[47]
• Edie Sedgwick, American socialite and Warhol superstar^[48]
• William Styron, American author^[49]
• Gene Tierney, American actress^[50]
• Townes van Zandt, American country singer-songwriter^[51]
• David Foster Wallace, American writer ^[52]
• Mike Wallace, American journalist^[53]
• Tammy Wynette, American country singer and composer, who described having a series of shock treatments for depression in her biography.^{[citation needed]}

References

1. Kneeland, Timothy W.; Warren, Carol A. B. (20 October 2017). Pushbutton Psychiatry: A History of Electroshock in America. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780275968151 – via Google Books.
2. Doctors of Deception: What They Don't Want You to Know about Shock Treatment. Linda Andre. 2009. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0813544410
3. Barber, Stephen (February 2005). The Screaming Body: Antonin Artaud – Film Projects, Drawings and Sound Recordings. Creation Books. ISBN 978-1-84068-091-1.
4. Ward, Nigel (1999). "Twelve of the Fifty-One Shocks of Antonin Artaud". New Theatre Quarterly. 15 (2): 123–130. doi:10.1017/S0266464X00012811. S2CID 194085175.
5. Abrams, Richard (2002). Electroconvulsive Therapy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514820-6.
6. "Lawrence Journal-World - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
7. Altman, Lawrence K. (5 November 1982). "CITY'S ELECTROSHOCK VOTE AFFECTING TREATMENT". The New York Times.
8. Purnell, Sonia (2015). Clementine: The Life of Mrs. Winston Churchill. Viking. ISBN 978-0-525-42977-7.
9. Coelho, Paulo (2006). The Zahir. HarperCollinsPublishers. ISBN 0-00-722085-5.
10. Ussher, Jane M. (2011). The Madness Of Women: Myth and Experience. Routledge. p. 85. ISBN 9781136656323.
11. "MindFreedom, article title Another victory against forced electroshock. Simone D. wins!". MFIPortal. 2007-07-07. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
12. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-12. Retrieved 2015-06-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
13. Dukakis, Kitty; Tye, Larry (September 2006). Shock: The Healing Power of Electroconvulsive Therapy. Avery. ISBN 978-1-58333-265-8.
14. Dukakis, K; Tye, L (2006). "I Feel Good, I Feel Alive". Newsweek. 18 (12): 62–63. PMID 17037902.
15. Pilkington, Ed (March 29, 2008). "The White House losers". The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
16. "Eduard Einstein: The tragic life of Albert Einstein’s forgotten son" Author Genefe Navilon.
17. Smyers, Darryl (March 1, 2007). "Dallas - Music - Roky Erickson". DallasObserver.com. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
18. Fisher, Carrie (2008). Wishful Drinking. Simon & Schuster. p. 163. ISBN 978-1-4391-0225-1.
19. Frame, J. An Angel at My Table, London, Virago, 2008 (autobiography)
20. "The Telegraph - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
21. Cole, Kermit (15 May 2013). "Leonard Roy Frank: Activist and Pioneer - Mad In America".
22. Foot, David (June 9, 2003). "Tale of a tormented genius". ESPN CricInfo - Cricket News. Retrieved 2007-06-12.
23. "An end to Julie Goodyear's bad years?". Daily Express Online. 17 August 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
24. Freedland, Jan; Fitzgerald, John (February 7, 2009). . Fmlegacy.com. Archived from the original on April 28, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
25. Cole, Tom (30 December 2013). "Another Fleetwood Mac Album That's 'Worth A Damn'". NPR.
26. Dutton, Denis. "David Helfgott: Beethoven on Prozac". Philosophy and Literature 21 (1997): 340–345. Johns Hopkins University Press (archived at Denisdutton.com). Retrieved 2009-10-17.
27. "Ernest Hemingway (American writer) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
28. Hirshbein L, Sarvananda S (2008). "History, power, and electricity: American popular magazine accounts of electroconvulsive therapy, 1940-2005" (PDF). J Hist Behav Sci. 44 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1002/jhbs.20283. PMID 18196545.
29. Hornbacher, Marya. Madness: A Bipolar Life, New York, 2008 (autobiography)
30. Plaskin, Glenn (1983). Biography of Vladimir Horowitz Quill ISBN 0-688-02656-7 Pages 338, 387, 389
31. Capua, Michelangelo (2003). Vivien Leigh: A Biography. McFarland. pp. 157, 169. ISBN 0-7864-1497-9.
32. Levant, Oscar (1965). Memoirs of an Amnesiac. Bantam Books. p. 4. ISBN 1-127-65584-1.
33. Zacharias, Yvonne (July 20, 2005). . The Vancouver Sun (at MMuuuhp). Archived from the original on December 20, 2008. Retrieved 2009-10-17. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
34. Jackson, Russell (23 August 2020). "The persecution of Robert Muir is the story football doesn't want to hear". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 23 August 2020. I had shock treatment when I was about seven years old
35. Nuland, Sherwin (2001) My history of electroshock therapy, TED lecture (video).
36. Guralnick, Peter (2015). Sam Phillips: The Man Who Invented Rock 'n' roll. Little, Brown & Co. ISBN 978-0-316-04274-1.
37. "Sylvia Plath Homepage". Sylviaplath.de. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
38. Slovenko, Ralph (3 March 2009). Psychiatry in Law / Law in Psychiatry, Second Edition. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781135846046 – via Google Books.
39. Baaz, Matthias, ed. (2011). Kurt Gödel and the Foundations of Mathematics: Horizons of Truth (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139498432.
40. Urquhart (2008), p. 430.
41. Leland, John (2004). Hip, the history. HarperCollins. p. 123. ISBN 0-06-052817-6.
42. McNeil, Legs; McCain, Gillian, Please Kill Me: The Uncensored Oral History of Punk, Grove Press (1996). Cf. pp.3–4
43. Dobuzinskis, Alex (November 22, 2006). . Valley News Blog. Archived from the original on 2007-10-24.
44. "Shock and Disbelief". The Atlantic. 2015-05-19. Retrieved 2015-06-16.
45. B., Duberman, Martin (1996) [1989]. Paul Robeson. New York: New Press. ISBN 156584288X. OCLC 31608914.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
46. . TheBiographyChannel.co.uk. 2009-09-11. Archived from the original on 2009-08-06. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
47. "People Who, untitled article". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
48. Stein, Jean; Plimpton, George (1994). Edie: American Girl. Grove Press. pp. 390, 398. ISBN 0-8021-3410-6.
49. "Shock Treatment". cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2019-12-30.
50. Shorter, Edward; Healy, David (2007). Shock Therapy: A History of Electroconvulsive Treatment in Mental Illness. Rutgers University Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-8135-4169-3.
51. Biographical film
52. Weber, Bruce (September 14, 2008). "David Foster Wallace, Influential Writer, dies at 46". The New York Times.
53. Bor, Jonathan. "Woman details shock cure of depression". baltimoresun.com. Retrieved 2019-12-30.