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Wikipedia

List of marine aquarium plant species

April 12, 2024

Aquatic plants are used to give the aquarium a natural appearance, oxygenate the water, and provide habitat for fish, especially fry (babies) and for invertebrates. Some aquarium fish and invertebrates also eat live plants. Hobby aquarists use aquatic plants for aquascaping.

A planted reef aquarium filled with Bladed sand moss (Caulerpa prolifera)
A seagrass aquarium housing several seagrass meadow inhabitants

Marine algae are also included in this list for convenience, despite the fact that many species are technically classified as protists, not plants.

Brown macroalgae edit

 
Sargasso

Brown macroalgae are sometimes seasonally available in the aquarium trade and under suitable conditions, will grow quite prolifically. They possess the pigment Fucoxanthin which gives them their coloration ranging from yellow to dark brown. A few are desirable yet many are pests with some species being rather difficult to remove, often making their way into aquariums on live rock.[1]

Common name Image Taxonomy Care Level Growth rate Nutrient uptake Lighting Waterflow Palatable Description Max size
Brazilian brown alga Canistrocarpus cervicornis Easy[2] Moderate[3] Good[3] Moderate-High[3] Moderate-High[3] Somewhat[3] This very hardy algae thrives in shallower waters. It features flat, spiraling blades which may or may not feature iridescence and vary from olive brown to gold in coloration. Though it does not grow very quickly, pruning is necessary to maintain an individual. Once known as Dictyota cervicornis.[2][4] 10 in (25.4 cm)[4]
False sargasso
 
 
 Cystoseira sp. Moderate[5] Slow[5] Fair[5] Moderate-High[5] Moderate-High[5] No[5] A rare algae in the aquarium trade, commonly confused with Sargassum which has flat blades while False Sargasso has tight toothlike appendages. It also has lower nutrient requirements due to its smaller size. Characterized by its stiff stipes, the outermost of which support pneumatocysts, and its light brown coloration.[5] 18 in (45.7 cm)[5]
Iridescent algae
 
 Dictyota sp. Moderate[3] Moderate[3] Good[3] Moderate-High[3] Moderate-High[3] Somewhat[3] The appearance of species within this genus varies greatly. Some display blue iridescence while others are a dull olive color. Larger bladed species are desirable as smaller ones can become invasive. However, all grow in clumps (on hard surfaces or as epiphytes) and are quite delicate, being known to clog pumps and filters. In the wild, the algae is abundant in the intertidal zone and shallow reef flats. Manual removal and clean up crew, like Longnose decorator crabs, can be used to combat this algae[3][6] 12 in (30.5 cm)[3]
Encrusting fan-leaf algae
 
 Lobophora sp. Moderate[7] Moderate[7] Good[7] Low-Moderate[7] Low-Moderate[7] Somewhat[7] This algae is very similar to Scroll algae although it is not calcified, being rubbery to the touch. It comes in various shades of brown and green and because it comes from deep waters, it requires little lighting. Rarely does it enter aquariums, which usually occurs when it hitchhikes on live rock. Surprisingly, the algae has a rhizoidal holdfast despite seeming to primarily encrust.[7][8] 10 in (25.4 cm)[7]
Scroll algae
 
 
 Padina sp. Expert[9] Slow[9] Fair[9] Moderate-High[9] Moderate-High[9] No[9] Also known as Potato algae, it is quite desirable given its beauty, which may be enhanced if Coralline algae is allowed to encrust its surface. The algae itself features green to brown coloration and grows in the shape of a rounded or split, irregular cup with concentric rings. Its single holdfast should be affixed to a hard bottom and calcium supplementation is required for growth as it is calcified.[9] 6 in (15.2 cm)[9]
White scroll algae
 
 Padina sanctae-crucis Expert[9] Slow[9] Fair[9] Moderate-High[9] Moderate-High[9] No[9] This species of algae, also known as Peacock algae, is the most common of the Padina genus in the aquarium trade. It often enters aquariums on live rock.[9][10] ~6 in (15.2 cm)[10]
Brown algae Polycladia myrica Moderate[5] Slow[5] Fair[5] Moderate-High[5] Moderate-High[5] No[5] This algae makes seasonal appearances in the aquarium trade and originates from The Bahamas and Florida. Once known as Cystoseira myrica.[5][11]
Gulfweed
 
 Sargassum filipendula Expert[12] This algae is naturally found on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, and serves as habitat for a variety of marine animals. Because it features pneumatocysts, individual specimens will float without a holdfast. Additionally, it should only be attempted by advanced aquarists. Also known as Sargassum weed.[12][13] 79 in (200.7 cm)[14]
White-vein sargasso
 
 Sargassum hystrix Expert[15] Slow[15] Fair[15] High[15] Moderate-High[15] Not really[15] This species is tolerable of cooler temperatures than most other macroalgae. It attaches itself to hard surfaces, using a holdfast, in shallow, turbulent environments and keeps itself upright with a sturdy stipe. The algae grows large, brown blades and a variety known as Sargassum hystrix buxifolium exists, lacking a white-colored mid rib.[15] 24 in (61.0 cm)[15]
Deep-toothed gulfweed
 
 Sargassum platycarpum Expert[16] Slow[16] Fair[16] High[16] Moderate-High[16] Not really[16] This species extends serrated, golden blades from its thick stipes along with pneumatocysts to hold it upright. Individuals may also grow a holdfast and the ones that do are most suitable for aquariums as they are capable of anchoring themselves. It is often found on live rock and should frequently be pruned.[16] 30 in (76.2 cm)[16]
Leafy flat-blade algae Stypopodium zonale Moderate[17] Moderate[17] This species of algae produces highly toxic extracts that are harmless toward smaller grazers including amphipods and polychaetes yet are capable of killing herbivorous reef fish. Death occurs within 10 hours of the algae's introduction to a well-aerated aquarium during which the fish will attempt to jump out.[18] 8 in (20.3 cm)[19]
Pyramid seaweed
 
 
 Turbinaria sp. Expert[20] Slow[20] Fair[20] High[20] Moderate-High[20] To some fish[20] This tough macroalgae is rubbery to the touch, features toothed, triangular blades, and anchors itself to substrate using a holdfast. It is quite variable, with some individuals growing in short, tight clusters while others feature a tall stipe. It prefers to be placed near the top of an aquarium, becoming quite hardy in the presence of strong flow and lighting.[20] 2 in (5.1 cm)[20]

Green macroalgae edit

 
Dead man's fingers

Green macroalgae are extremely diverse and abundant, coming in a wide variety of shapes. They possess the pigment Chlorophyll which gives them their coloration ranging from bright green to yellow or dark jade. Reproduction via fragmentation or the releasing of spores are utilized by this macroalgae group. The second option, which is used by the genus, Caulerpa, can be quite problematic in an aquarium.[21] Some species of green macroalgae have greater ease surviving in high nutrient environments or inadequate water parameters than other kinds of macroalgae and are generally the most suitable for nutrient removal due to their rapid growth rates.[22]

Common name Image Taxonomy Care Level Growth rate Nutrient uptake Lighting Waterflow Palatable Description Max size
Mermaid's wine glass
 
 Acetabularia sp. Moderate[23] Slow[23] Poor[23] High[23] Low[23] Yes[23] A beautiful and interesting genus of algae which, unfortunately, tends to be short-lived in aquariums. It grows a disc-like appendage which is more pronounced in certain species, is easily broken when removed from water, and may be removed to start a new colony. A hard surface to attach to as well as calcium supplementation are required to grow the calcified algae.[23] 4 in (10.2 cm)[23]
Basket weave
 
 Anadyomene sp. Moderate[24] Slow[24] Poor[24] Moderate[24] Moderate[24] To some fish[24] Most specimens make their way into aquariums through live rock and amongst calcareous algae from the wild, staying small in captivity. It possesses rigid, variable, irregularly shaped blades which are characterized by their patterned veins. Anadyomene saldanhae and Anadyomene stellata are the most popular species of this genus.[24] 10 in (25.4 cm)[24]
Fan weed
 
 Avrainvillea sp. This species of algae grows a central stalk supporting a single, fan-shaped blade.[25]
Green sea sausage seaweed
 
 Bornetella nitida Moderate[26] Moderate[26] Low[26] Not really[26] In the wild, this algae grows in shallow water environments such as tide pools and on tumbling beach rocks. It features firm, yet elastic fronds which grow vertically and take on a reddish coloration during their growth stage. Provided with an environment suitable for soft corals, the algae will grow in its most desirable shape.[26] 2 in (5.1 cm)[26]
Spherical turtle shell
 
 Bornetella sphaerica Moderate[27] Moderate[27] Low[27] Not really[27] In the wild, this algae grows in shallow water environments such as tide pools and on tumbling beach rocks. It features firm, yet elastic fronds which take on a reddish coloration during their growth stage. Provided with an environment suitable for soft corals, the algae will grow in its most desirable shape.[27] 2 in (5.1 cm)[27]
Bryopsis
 
 Bryopsis sp. Easy[28] Fast[28][29] Somewhat[30] This algae is usually seen as a nuisance though it may be desirable in Macroalgae tanks. Though it is rarely sold on its own, it often enters aquariums through live rock and is hard to eradicate due to its firm grip on rockwork. Its coarse composition aids in accumulating detritus from which it can derive nutrients. Eradication can be achieved through the use of grazers (including several crabs, mollusks, and sea urchins), manual removal, light starvation, and nutrient reduction. Elevated magnesium may hinder the growth of the algae but can be dangerous to invertebrates.[28][29][30][6]
Sea fern
 
 Bryopsis pennata Easy[28] Fast[28][29] Somewhat[30] One of the most difficult species of algae to eradicate in the hobby. This algae is characterized by its pronounced midrib and mat-like rhizoids. Compared to Bryopsis plumosa, Bryopsis pennata features more irregular and sparsely branching fronds. [6] 4 in (10.2 cm)[31]
Hen pen
 
 Bryopsis plumosa Easy[28] Fast[28][29] Somewhat[30] One of the most difficult species of algae to eradicate in the hobby. This algae is characterized by its pronounced midrib and mat-like rhizoids. Compared to Bryopsis pennata, Bryopsis plumosa features more symmetrical and densly branching fronds.[6] 4 in (10.2 cm)[32]
Giant feather algae Caulerpa asmeadii Easy[33] Moderate[33] Good[33] Moderate[33] Low-Moderate[33] Somewhat[33] This is a large species of Caulerpa although unlike its relatives, it won't outgrow its environment as it is slow-growing. It features a thick rhizome which should be pinched when pruned to reduce the amount of pollutants released. Younger individuals may be confused with Caulerpa sertularioides, which inhabits shallower habitats and both may be sold as Feather algae.[33] 14 in (35.6 cm)[33]
Sea mustard
 
 
 Caulerpa brachypus Easy[34] Fast[34] Good[34] Moderate-High[34] Moderate[34] Somewhat[34] Also known as Mini caulerpa. Though this uncommon species of Caulerpa is more palatable than Caulerpa prolifera, herbivorous fish tend not to consume it. It will attach itself to both rocks and sand substrates with rhizoids, is a good refugium addition for nutrient export and housing microinvertebrates, and requires regular pruning.[35][34][36] 1 in (2.5 cm)[37]
Umbrella algae
 
 Caulerpa chemnitzia Easy[38] Fast[38] Excellent[38] Moderate[38] Moderate-High[38] Not really[38] Rarely seen in the hobby and can be found in dim habitats in the wild. The algae is excellent at stripping a tank of nutrients so it must be carefully monitored. Two varieties exist, one with smooth, round blades and the other with concave blades. Was known as Caulerpa peltata and also may be called Saucer algae and Mushroom algae.[39][38][40] 6 in (15.2 cm)[33]
Zipper algae
 
 Caulerpa cupressoides Easy[41] Slow[41] Fair[41] Moderate-High[41] Moderate[41] No[41] This interesting and undemanding species of Caulerpa prefers to grow on sand, however it can grow off of harder surfaces. The algae features long, stiff stipes bordered by notched blades and is naturally found growing in shallow-water seagrass meadows. Seahorses will readily use its stipes as hitching posts. Also known as Cactus caulerpa.[41][42][43] 8 in (20.3 cm)[41]
Banana algae
 
 Caulerpa cylindracea Easy[44] Fast[44] Excellent[44] Moderate-High[44] Moderate-High[44] No[44] This tall algae features cylindrical blades, making it resemble a cluster of bananas, as well as a dark green coloration. It is excellent at stripping a tank of nutrients so its size must be limited. Though it is mostly inedible, some fish may nip at its holdfast.[44] 6 in (15.2 cm)[44]
Razor algae Caulerpa floridana Easy[45][46] Moderate[46] This algae, also known as Florida caulerpa, originates from shallow environments such as lagoons and bays and enters aquariums through Caribbean and Floridian live rock. It is not very popular in the hobby.[46]
Small sea grapes
 
 Caulerpa lentillifera Moderate[47] Fast[47] High[48] Moderate[48] Yes[48] This species of Caulerpa prefers to grow on rockwork though it may venture out onto the substrate. Under strong lighting, it will grow dense blades, resembling clusters of grapes. Additionally, it is known to be edible to humans and is also called Green caviar, Latok, and Umibudo.[47][48] 6 in (15.2 cm)[49]
Fern algae
 
 Caulerpa mexicana Easy[50] Moderate[50] Good[50] Moderate[50] Low-Moderate[50] Somewhat to fish[50] This species of tight-bladed Caulerpa can grow on hard surfaces as well as sandy and muddy substrates. In turbulent surroundings, it grows somewhat compact and in calmer surroundings, it grows taller. Its adaptability to lighting requirements allows it to grow in environments without direct lighting amongst other algae (such as under ledges).[50] 8 in (20.3 cm)[50]
Coin Caulerpa Caulerpa nummularia This algae can be maintained in a refugium with constant exposure to light and regular pruning every few weeks. It uses a rhizome to anchor to rocks and substrate and can be very difficult to remove once established.[51] ≤1 cm (0.4 in)[52]
Palm tree algae
 
 
 Caulerpa paspaloides Easy[53] Moderate[53] Excellent[53] Moderate[53] Low-Moderate[53] Somewhat[53] This species of Caulerpa is a good nutrient export choice as it pollutes aquariums less often than its relatives and is fast growing. It should be pruned regularly as its fine structure captures undesirable substances. Under more intense lighting, the algae's palm-shaped blades will grow more compact and triangular in addition to taking on a darker shade of green.[53] 12 in (30.5 cm)[53]
Bladed sand moss
 
 Caulerpa prolifera Easy[54] Fast[54] Excellent[54] Moderate[54] Low-Moderate[54] Somewhat[54] Bladed sand moss is well-suited for aquariums as it grows slower than other members of its genus and is easily pruned. It desires sandy substrates, inhabiting seagrass meadows in the wild, and will grow wider blades in turbulent water and taller, thinner blades in calmer environments. Out of all the Caulerpa species that are commercially available, this one is the most popular and widespread, commonly used to cover sand beds in marine planted aquariums.[54][55] 6 in (15.2 cm)[54]
Coarse sea grapes
 
 
 Caulerpa racemosa Easy[56] Fast[56] Excellent[56] Moderate-High[56] Moderate-High[56] Somewhat[56] Unlike other species of Caulerpa, this one grows round, clustered blades. It is notorious for releasing spores and stripping tanks of available nutrients as well as its invasively rapid growth (having given the entire Caulerpa genus a bad rap). As such, it must be carefully monitored and pruned. Many varieties of this algae exist worldwide which are highly varied and inhabit shallow-water environments.[56][6] 8 in (20.3 cm)[56]
Sawtooth algae
 
 Caulerpa serrulata Easy[57] Moderate[57] Good[57] Moderate[57] Low-Moderate[57] Somewhat[57] This smaller sized, hardy species of algae is often available and put in refugiums for nutrient export or used to create thick bushes in the foreground of an aquarium. It originates from shallow habitats where it prefers to grow on small rocky objects and its stiff nature makes it unappetizing to most organisms. Weaker lighting will lessen the jaggedness of its twisted blades.[57][58] 5 in (12.7 cm)[57]
Green feather algae
 
 Caulerpa sertularioides Easy[59] Fast[59] Excellent[59] Moderate[59] Low-Moderate[59] Yes[59] This shallow-water Caulerpa species features fronds with rounded tips. It is very popular among hobbyists although it grows quickly, easily taking over aquariums. However, it is a great choice for refugiums considering how many fish and invertebrates enjoy eating it. The algae prefers to grow on hard surfaces, yet its adaptability allows it to also grow on the sand bed and climb aquarium walls.[59] 8 in (20.3 cm)[59]
Killer algae
 
 Caulerpa taxifolia Easy[60] Fast[60] Excellent[60] Moderate[60] Low-Moderate[60] No[60] Also known as Fern algae and Feather plant, this algae can become quite invasive in the wild as it is able to survive in a wide range of temperatures and grows rapidly. For this reason, it is rare within the United States. It appears similar to Caulerpa mexicana although its dark-green fronds are more uniform and spaced further apart. The algae will spread on both rocks and sand.[60][61] 10 in (25.4 cm)[60]
Fluffy green seaweed
 
 Caulerpa verticillata Easy[62] Fast[63] Low-High[63] Though this is a rather short species of the Caulerpa genus, Fluffy green seaweed or Fuzzy caulerpa can grow extremely quickly, even on walls. As such, it is only suitable for marine planted aquariums. Regular pruning should be performed by twirling the algae's blades around one's fingers, separating it's holdfast from hard surfaces. Amphipods and copepods enjoy living within the algae.[63][64] 5.9 in (15.0 cm)[62]
Spaghetti algae
 
 
 
 Chaetomorpha sp. Easy[65] Fast[65] Excellent[65] Low-High[65] Moderate[65] Not really[65] Also called Chaeto, this algae grows as a tangled mass of green filaments and originates from shallow, nutrient rich environments. It is incredibly popular with aquarists since it serves as habitat for microinvertebrates (such as amphipods and copepods) and rapidly consumes excess nutrients (though care must be taken to replenish these nutrients such as iron, nitrates, and phosphates). For this reason, it is often kept in a refugium where it can either be tumbled or left to float. Despite being hardy and easy to grow, care must be taken to meet the different environmental requirements of the different species of Spaghetti algae.[65][66][67] 24 in (61.0 cm) mound[65]
Tall hair alga
 
 
 Chaetomorpha aerea Easy[68] Fast[69] Excellent[69] Moderate[68] Moderate[68] Yes[68] Once known as Chaetomorpha crassa. It is rare example of a hair algae species suitable for marine aquariums, being an excellent refugium addition. In captivity, the stiff, filamentous algae serves as habitat for microinvertebrates, provides nutrient export, and can be fed to herbivores, though it should ideally be tumbled. Naturally, this algae is found in the intertidal zone.[68] 6 in (15.2 cm) mound[68]
Floating chaeto
 
 
 Chaetomorpha linum Easy[70] Fast[70] Excellent[70] Moderate-High[70] Moderate[70] No[70] Also known as Spaghetti algae. This stable, greenish algae is composed of unbranched, tangled filaments, finer and more flexible than those of Chaetomorpha spiralis. It is excellent at nutrient export, but care must be taken to replenish said nutrients in a system containing Chaetomorpha linum, such as nitrate, phosphate, Magnesium, Iodine, and Iron. Additionally, herbivorous fish cannot digest this algae, though they might attempt to eat it.[70][71] 16 in (40.6 cm)[70]
Curly Chaeto
 
 Chaetomorpha spiralis Moderate[72] Fast[72] Excellent[73] High[72] Moderate[72] Also known as Spaghetti algae and Green hair algae (not Derbesia). This hardy algae is composed of clumped, long filaments, thicker and more brittle than those of Chaetomorpha linum. It is an excellent addition for refugiums, serving as habitat for microinvertebrates and providing nutrient export.[72][71] 20 in (50.8 cm)[74]
Green tide alga
 
 Cladophora coelothrix High[13] This algae is composed of compacted filaments, forming a sphere. It does best in cooler water.[13] 20 in (50.8 cm)[75]
Toadstool algae
 
 Cladophora prolifera Easy[45] Slow[45] Poor[76] Moderate-High[76] Low-High[76] Somewhat[76] This species of shallow-water algae grows in clumps on rocks and rubble, featuring rigid, finely branched filaments. Many aquarists believe it is a nuisance since it will become hard to remove after establishing itself. However, microinvertebrates enjoy living within the algae, such as starfish. May also be called Green bush, Moss ball, and Sea hair.[77][45][78] 20 in (50.8 cm)[79]
Green wiry algae
 
 
 Cladophoropsis sp. Slow[6] Yes[6] This low-lying algae creeps along rocks and can be difficult to remove. Often, it is found on frags and live rock. It is known to persist in low-nutrient environments. Also known as Bob Ross algae.[6][80]
Turtleweed
 
 
 Chlorodesmis sp. Expert[81] Moderate[81] Good[81] High[81] Moderate-High[81] No[81] Also known as Maiden's hair plant, this popular, stringy algae is often mistaken for hair algae and enters the aquarium trade on live rock and coral. It is toxic, making it inedible and capable of effecting coral growth, though microinvertebrates enjoy living within the algae such as amphipods and copepods. If the blades of the algae turn white, they should be removed.[82][81][83] 8 in (20.3 cm)[81]
Dead man's fingers
 
 
 Codium sp. Easy[84] Slow[84] Fair[84] Moderate-High[84] High[84] No[84] Some forms of this algae feature a single holdfast with multiple irregular branches and others encrust surfaces taking on a blob-like shape. They should be placed on hard surfaces and kept in water temperatures under 80 °F (26.7 °C). Though the main structure of Dead man's fingers is inedible, some fish may graze on the fuzzy filaments that cover its surface.[84][85][86] 12 in (30.5 cm)[84]
Green fleece
 
 Codium decorticatum Easy[87] Slow[87] High[87] Low[87] Not really[87] This desirable algae features thick, fingerlike protrusions that provide habitat for microcrustaceans and can break apart if disturbed. Though it floats, it can be attached to solid surfaces with superglue. In nature, it is distributed worldwide in shallow waters, though it is rare in the aquarium hobby.[87] 12 in (30.5 cm)[87]
Tufted joint algae
 
 Cymopolia barbata Moderate[88] Slow[88] Fair[88] High[88] Moderate-High[88] Not really[88] This species of prehistoric-looking algae is rarely available although it may enter aquariums through live rock. It is quite interesting, but requires calcium supplementation as it is calcified. Pieces of the algae may be clipped and fed to Tangs and Rabbitfish. Also known as Palm tree algae.[88][89] 12 in (30.5 cm)[88]
Usugasane Cymopolia vanbosseae Easy[90] Moderate[90] Moderate[90] In the wild, this algae grows in shallow water environments. It is calcified and its base is white due to the lack of Chlorophyll. In the aquarium, this algae will deteriorate if other algae is allowed to grow on its surface and should be exposed to fluorescent lighting for dense frond growth (though the algae can be grown under LED lighting).[90] 2 in (5.1 cm)[90]
Green hair algae
 
 
 Derbesia sp. Fast[6] Excellent[91] High[91] Yes[6] Green hair algae is the desired algae in algae scrubbers for nutrient export and the rearing of microinvertebrates. Outside scrubbers, it is a pest and is distinguished from similar algae by its lack of a root system, delicate nature, and fine texture. Removal is simple as it can be pulled or scrubbed off rockwork and sifted from sand and is highly palatable to a variety of herbivores. Proper water quality and low nutrient levels also discourage the growth of this algae as does lighting that is less red.[6][91]
Green bubble weed
 
 Dictyosphaeria cavernosa Various[92] Somewhat[92] In the wild, this green to bluish algae thrives in rocky crevices where detritus can accumulate. It will tolerate a variety of lighting intensities and survive in aquariums with low nutrient levels. The algae is made up of easily-seen, bubble shaped cells which, when ruptured, release new cells that will settle throughout an aquarium system.[92][93] 5 in (12.7 cm)[93]
Isosugina
 
 Halicoryne wrightii Moderate[94] Low[94] Yes[94] In the wild, this algae grows in shallow water environments such as tide pools and on tumbling beach rocks. The algae's yellow-green coloration is a result of limestone deposits on its fronds which requires specific Carbonate hardness levels to form. This algae will become weakened if other algae is allowed to grow on its surface.[94] 2 in (5.1 cm)[94]
Large leaf watercress algae
 
 Halimeda discoidea Easy[95] Moderate[95] Fair[95] Moderate-High[95] Moderate[95] Somewhat[95] Out of all the Halimeda species, this one possesses the largest segments and unlike its relatives, only grows on hard surfaces. It requires calcium supplementation as it is calcified, making it a good food for grazers (such as Tangs) as it helps keep their digestive tracts free of blockages. Also known as Money plant and Rosette halimeda.[95][96][97] 10 in (25.4 cm)[95]
Three finger leaf algae
 
 
 Halimeda incrassata Easy[98] Moderate[98] Fair[98] Moderate-High[98] Moderate[98] No[98] Also known as Money plant, this algae either grows in clumps or forms several branches. It requires calcium supplementation as it is calcified (making it a good food for clearing blockages in the digestive tracts of grazers) and a sand bed at least 4 in (10.2 cm) deep. While generally small, this algae will rapidly reproduce under favorable conditions, sprouting new individuals near its base.[98][99] 8 in (20.3 cm)[98]
Jointed-stalk algae
 
 Halimeda monile Slow[100] Fair[100] Low-High[100] No[100] This algae is ideal for use in aquascaping as it is inedible. Though it can be housed under a wide range of lighting strengths, it grows best under Moderate-High lighting and prefers to grow in finer substrates. It also requires calcium supplementation as it is calcified. Individuals will appear stressed when they attempt to spread, using the majority of their energy to produce new growth.[100] 8 in (20.3 cm)[101]
Prickly pear
 
 Halimeda opuntia Easy[102] Moderate[102] Fair[102] Moderate-High[102] Moderate[102] No[102] This algae forms large mounds of tight segments and attaches itself to rocks and sand using several holdfasts. It requires calcium supplementation as it is calcified (making it a good food for clearing blockages in the digestive tracts of grazers). However, under the right conditions, it can be used to form a ground cover. Also known as Money plant, Carpeting halimeda, and Watercress alga.[102][103][104][105] 10 in (25.4 cm)[102]
Money plant
 
 Halimeda scabra Low-High[106] This algae is named after its coin-shaped segments. Though it can be housed under a wide range of lighting strengths, it grows best under Moderate-High lighting. It also requires calcium supplementation.[106] 5 in (12.7 cm)[106]
Cactus algae
 
 Halimeda tuna Low-High[106] Cactus algae is common on reefs and is amongst the most imported species of the Halimeda genus for aquariums. Though this algae can be housed under a wide range of lighting strengths, it grows best under Moderate-High lighting. It requires calcium supplementation as it is calcified, making it a good food for grazers (such as Tangs) as it helps keep their digestive tracts free of blockages. Also known as Money plant.[107][106] 5 in (12.7 cm)[106]
Ringed finger seaweed
 
 Neomeris annulata Moderate[108] Slow[108] Fair[108] Moderate[108] Low[108] Somewhat[108] This species of spongy, fuzzy algae grows in small clusters or individually and spreads by extending its holdfast on rockwork or Mangrove roots and growing new fronds. It is lightly calcified and should be provided with calcium supplementation. Also known as Finger algae and may become highly invasive.[108][109][110] 4 in (10.2 cm)[108]
Mermaid's shaving brush
 
 Penicillus capitatus Easy[111] Moderate[111] Fair[111] Moderate-High[111] Low-Moderate[111] No[111] This species of algae generally grows out of the sand bed on reef flats and seagrass meadows, anchoring itself with rhizoids, although it may grow on rocks. It requires a sand bed at least 4 in (10.2 cm) deep along with calcium supplementation like many other calcified stem plants. In aquariums, a mature specimen will often die, only to produce new individuals at its base.[111] 8 in (20.3 cm)[111]
Neptune's shaving brush
 
 Penicillus dumetosus Easy[112] Moderate[112] Fair[112] Moderate-High[112] Low-Moderate[112] No[112] This species of Penicillus grows to be larger than others of its own genus and features a more tapered top. In the wild, it grows on reef flats and seagrass meadows, anchoring itself with rhizoids. In the aquarium, it requires a sand bed at least 4 in (10.2 cm) deep and calcium supplementation. A mature specimen will often die, only to produce new individuals at its base.[112] 8 in (20.3 cm)[112]
Flat-top bristle brush
 
 Penicillus pyriformis Easy[113] Moderate[113] Fair[113] Moderate-High[113] Low-Moderate[113] No[113] This species of Penicillus grows to be larger than others of its own genus and features a completely flattened top. In the wild, it grows on reef flats and seagrass meadows, anchoring itself with rhizoids. In the aquarium, it requires a sand bed at least 4 in (10.2 cm) deep and calcium supplementation. A mature specimen will often die, only to produce new individuals at its base.[113] 8 in (20.3 cm)[113]
Pinecone algae
 
 Rhipocephalus phoenix Easy[114] Moderate[114] Fair[114] Moderate-High[114] Moderate[114] No[114] This pinecone-shaped algae attaches itself to sandy substrate (and occasionally rocks) using a bulb-like structure possessing several rhizoids. It requires a sand bed at least 4 in (10.2 cm) deep and calcium supplementation. In the wild, it grows on reef flats, seagrass meadows, and Halimeda forests.[114] 6 in (15.2 cm)[114]
Mermaid's fan
 
 Udotea flabellum Easy[115] Moderate[115] Fair[115] Moderate-High[115] Moderate[115] No[115] This species of calcified algae is very popular and requires a sand bed at least 4 in (10.2 cm) deep along with calcium supplementation. Given that its requirements are met and conditions are favorable, an individual Mermaid's fan will rapidly reproduce, sprouting new individuals from its base. Rhizoids also extend from the base, anchoring the algae.[115] 12 in (30.5 cm)[115]
Fan algae
 
 Udotea orientalis Easy[116] Slow[116] High[116] Low[116] This species of algae attaches itself to a sand substrate, preferring the same environment as sand-rooted Halimeda such as Halimeda opuntia. Since it grows slowly, algae can easily grow on this species' surface under poor water quality, weakening it.[116] 2 in (5.1 cm)[116]
Gutweed
 
 
 Ulva sp. Easy[117] Fast[117] Excellent[117] Moderate-High[117] Low-Moderate[117] Yes[117] Gutweed or Tube algae is common in both tropical and temperate waters. The algae forms tube-like blades secured by a single holdfast to hard surfaces and Mangrove roots. In the aquarium, this algae should be kept in water temperatures under 80 °F (26.7 °C) and may be used to feed herbivorous fish. It was previously classified under the genus Enteromorpha.[117][118] 10 in (25.4 cm)[117]
Sea lettuce
 
 
 
 Ulva sp. Easy[119] Fast[119] Excellent[119] Moderate-High[119] Moderate[119] Yes[119] Sea lettuce is common in both tropical and temperate waters. The algae forms flat sheets which either anchor themselves with holdfasts or float by trapping pearled air bubbles. Its growth rate is comparable to that of Chaetomorpha, is nearly as popular, and is similarly good at absorbing excess nutrients in aquariums, housing microinvertebrates, and requires iron supplementation. It is usually kept in refugiums and since it is relished by many aquarium inhabitants, it can be harvested there and fed to organisms in display tanks. Care must be taken to protect return pumps when using Sea lettuce since the latter can easily clog the former.[119][120] 8 in (20.3 cm) mound[119]
Winding nori
 
 Ulva flexuosa Yes[13] This algae is filamentous in nature and is great for feeding Sea urchins. Once known as Enteromorpha flexuosa.[13][121] 24 in (61.0 cm)[122]
Grass lettuce
 
 Ulva intestinalis Easy[117] Fast[117] Excellent[117] Moderate-High[117] Low-Moderate[117] Yes[117] Also known as Gutweed and Grass kelp and once known as Enteromorpha intestinalis. This increasingly popular, hardy algae is a good refugium addition and can be fed to fish. Individuals may attach to sand or rocks with a holdfast or be left to float. The algae also serves as habitat for microinvertebrates and seahorses will readily use its filamentous blades as hitching posts.[123][124][120][125] 12 in (30.5 cm)[124]
Common sea lettuce
 
 Ulva lactuca Easy[126] Fast[126] Excellent[126] Moderate-High[126] Moderate[126] Yes[126] This popular algae grows in ruffled, thin sheets which, in the event it does not feature a holdfast (which it will slowly develop if attached to a rock), will trap pearled air bubbles and cause it to float. Good nutrient uptake, the ability to house microinvertebrates, and palatability by herbivorous fish are characteristic of the algae as well as the necessity for iron supplementation. In low nutrient environments, it may get stressed and become invasive.[120][126] 24 in (61.0 cm)[127]
Bubble algae
 
 
 Valonia sp. Expert[128] Moderate[128] Good[128] High[128] Moderate-High[128] No[128] Also known as Sailor's eyeballs, this algae is usually viewed as a pest, often entering aquariums on live rock. It has the ability to choke out corals if it grows too large and unfortunately, very few animals consume it (one of which is the Emerald crab (Mithraculus sculptus)). They may be desirable in marine planted aquariums, however. The algae itself is comprised deep green, spore filled spheres.[128][129] 8 in (20.3 cm)[128]

Red macroalgae edit

 
Coralline algae

Red macroalgae are highly sought after in the aquarium trade given their intense coloration and striking appearance. They possess the pigment Phycoerythrin which gives them their vivid coloration ranging from red to orange to blue. For some species, identification is difficult and slight variations due to location and depth may exist.[130]

Common name Image Taxonomy Care Level Growth rate Nutrient uptake Lighting Waterflow Palatable Description Max size
Spiny algae
 
 Acanthophora spicifera Easy[131] Moderate[131] Good[131] Moderate-High[131] Moderate-High[131] Not really[131] This variable species comes in shades of red, yellow, purple, and green. Bright lighting brings out paler color while darker color is brought out by bluer lighting. Its structure consists of branches, finer and more compact than those of Laurencia. The fast growing algae must be pruned regularly. Also known as Fire fern.[132][131] 8 in (20.3 cm)[131]
Agar
 
 Agardhiella sp. High[133] Yes[134] The algae, Agardhiella, has similar requirements to Gracilaria and Ulva and features translucent, gelatinous fronds. In captivity, it can tolerate, but must first be slowly introduced to bright lighting and can be fed to fish. It is also a source of the substance, agar.[133][134] 12 in (30.5 cm)[135]
Agardh's red weed
 
 
 Agardhiella subulata This reddish purple, gelatinous algae is characterized by its numerous branchlets. It is edible to humans. Once known as Agardhiella tenera.[13][136] 12 in (30.5 cm)[137]
Worm wart weed Agarophyton vermiculophyllum Easy[138] Moderate[138] Good[138] Moderate-High[138] Moderate-High[138] Somewhat[138] This is a hardy species suitable for marine aquaria. It develops darker coloration under lower intensity light and is best attached to rockwork with superglue. Once known as Gracilaria vermiculophylla and also commonly called black wart weed.[138][139][140] 12 in (30.5 cm)[138]
Red sea plume
 
 Asparagopsis taxiformis Moderate[141] Moderate[141] Good[141] Moderate-High[141] Moderate-High[141] Yes[141] This algae firmly attaches to hard surfaces using multiple rhizomes as it lives in turbulent environments. It grows reddish, somewhat iridescent filaments that are compacted into clusters of cone shaped branches. It occasionally enters the aquarium trade on Pacific live rock and is also called Limu. Its sporophyte stage may be a type of Cotton candy algae, which is a fast-growing pest.[6][141] 6 in (15.2 cm)[141]
Red grape
 
 
 Botryocladia sp. Easy[142] Slow[142] Good[142] Moderate[142] Moderate[142] Yes[142] This is a beautiful, hardy, highly palatable genus of macroalgae with several species available in the aquarium trade. It bears a resemblance to a cluster of grapes, possessing stiff, lightly calcified branches covered in bright red pneumatocysts. Excessively high light will pale these pneumatocysts. Also known as Red berries as well as Red grape caulerpa despite not belonging in the Caulerpa genus.[142][143] 18 in (45.7 cm)[142]
Red grape macroalgae
 
 Botryocladia botryoides Moderate[144] Moderate[144] Moderate[144] Low-Moderate[144] Yes[145] Despite its popularity, this algae is not often seen in the aquarium trade and is seasonally available. However, new individuals are easily produced by fragmenting the stipes of this algae. Additionally, especially when stressed, the algae may lose its pneumatocysts, though these are quickly regrown. In nature, it is found in shaded environments as well as the intertidal zone.[144][145][146] 4 in (10.2 cm)[147]
Indonesian red grape Botryocladia leptopoda Easy[148] Moderate[148] Moderate[148] This popular species of algae has been available in the aquarium trade for a long time. It branches upward as it grows and forms dense fronds under high lighting.[148] 6 in (15.2 cm)[148]
Red grape kelp
 
 Botryocladia occidentalis Easy[149] Moderate[149] Low[150] Low-Moderate[150] Grows rather quickly for a species of red macroalgae and may attach both to sand and hard surfaces, though it is unlikely to become invasive. Since it prefers low lighting, it is not ideal for refugiums and is rarely available. It may be sold as Red grape caulerpa despite not belonging in the Caulerpa genus. It also keeps itself upright with pneumatocysts.[149][150] 5 in (12.7 cm)[149]
Red Valonia Botryocladia skottsbergii Fast[151] Low[151] Yes[6] Unlike desirable species of Botryocladia, undesirable species do not feature calcified branches. The development of spots indicates the algae is ready for sexual reproduction, and it is likely that popping its bladders releases spores. Aggressive manual removal and clean up crew like Mithrax crabs and rabbitfish can be used to combat this algae.[6][151] 0.5 in (1.3 cm)[151]
Red bubble algae Botryocladia pyriformis Yes[6] Unlike desirable species of Botryocladia, undesirable species do not feature calcified branches. Aggressive manual removal and clean up crew like Mithrax crabs and rabbitfish can be used to combat this algae.[6]
Flame algae
 
 Bryothamnion sp. Moderate[152] Good[153] Low-High[152] Characterized by a striking red coloration which darkens under higher lighting. The algae features spiky, calcified branches, which extend in all directions and can easily be trimmed to create new individuals. It is best suited for display aquariums and must be attached to hard surfaces using glue or rubber bands as it cannot do so on its own.[152][153] 12 in (30.5 cm)[152]
Red razor
 
 Bryothamnion triquetrum Easy[154] Moderate[154] Poor[154] Moderate[154] Moderate-High[154] No[154] Depending on lighting, Red razor may sport either a bright or deep red coloration. In the wild, the stiff, serrated algae grows in shaded environments with strong current. It is a great addition to a Seahorse tank as its stipes may serve as hitching posts. However, it must be attached to hard surfaces using glue or rubber bands as it cannot do so on its own.[154][155] 8 in (20.3 cm)[154]
Cotton candy algae
 
 
 Callithamnion sp. Fast[156] Yes[157] Also known as red turf alga. Cotton candy algae ranges in shape from irregular tufts to branches and ranges in coloration from pink to red. Stiffer filaments develop under stronger current. If left unchecked, this algae can smother rockwork, equipment, and corals, and is difficult to eradicate. Manual removal, water quality improvement, and removal of detritus can be used to combat this algae. Herbivores, like rabbitfish and Mexican turbo snails and competition from other algae can also be employed against cotton candy algae.[156][157] 4 in (10.2 cm)[158]
Red Chaeto
 
 
 Caulacanthus ustulatus Unfortunately, this is an invasive species in the home aquarium and is unsuitable for reef systems and refugiums. Its prickly thallus is fragile and easily breaks up into fragments that can develop into new individuals once they settle.[159] 1 in (2.5 cm)[160]
Bird-Nest
 
 Chondria sp. Easy[161] Moderate[161] Good[161] Moderate-High[161] Moderate-High[161] Not really[161] Is a genus of highly variable (depending on the species), shallow-water turf algae that often enters aquariums on live rock and coral frags. Though it is attractive and typically remains small, it can quickly overgrow a system's rockwork. The algae features fine, compact fronds which are somewhat iridescent and translucent. Manual removal is fairly easy.[6][161] 12 in (30.5 cm)[161]
Iridescent Cartilage Weed
 
 Chondria coerulescens Moderate-High[162] This algae inhabits very shallow water in areas sheltered from waves. It is rare in the aquarium trade and displays blue coloration under high lighting. Otherwise, it will appear reddish to purplish.[162]
Coralline algae
 
 
 
 Corallinales sp. Moderate[163] Slow[163] None[163] Moderate-High[163] Moderate-High[163] No[163] This order of red, calcified macroalgae is highly variable, taking on both geniculate (branching) and nongeniculate (encrusting and plating) forms as well as a variety of colors, generally ranging from purple to pink. It often makes its way into aquariums through the introduction of live rock or wild caught snails and hermit crabs where they are highly desirable as a result of their attractive appearance and ability to outcompete nuisance algae for space. However, since Coralline algae readily attaches itself to hard surfaces, it can become problematic when it grows on glass and aquarium equipment as it is hard to remove due to its carbonate skeleton.[164][165][166] 10 in (25.4 cm)[163]
Red ribbon
 
 Cryptonemia crenulata Easy[167] Slow[167] Poor[167] Low-Moderate[168] Moderate[167] No[167] This large, hardy macroalgae is incredibly rare in the aquarium hobby, though it is highly sought after. It features long, stiff, deep red blades from which new individuals and leaflets are budded. In the wild, it often attaches its holdfast to the bases of sessile invertebrates, such as gorgonians, sponges, and tunicates.[167][168][169] 24 in (61.0 cm)[170]
Chenille algae
 
 Dasya sp. Expert[171] Slow[171] Fair[171] Moderate-High[171] Moderate-High[171] Not really[171] This algae is found in both tropical and temperate waters worldwide though is most often collected from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. It features limp, fleshy branches coated in filaments and attaches itself to hard surfaces with a single holdfast. Due it its preference for lower water temperatures, it may not be suitable for most marine planted aquariums.[171] 10 in (25.4 cm)[171]
Red seabroom
 
 Digenea simplex This red, mat-like algae serves as habitat for a great diversity of microinvertebrates and is coated in fuzzy filaments.[13] 4 in (10.2 cm)[172]
Red star burst macroalgae
 
 Eucheuma denticulatum Expert[173] Slow[174] Moderate-High[175] Moderate[175] An incredibly difficult species of macroalgae to care for as it demands very stable, lower temperature environments and struggles to survive in small aquarium systems. It has a rubbery composition; comes in yellow, orange, and red colorations; and is made up of spiny branches and branchlets. Once known as Eucheuma spinosum.[173][175][176] 12 in (30.5 cm)[176]
Tubular thicket
 
 Galaxaura sp. Expert[177] Slow[177] Fair[177] High[177] Moderate-High[177] No[177] This algae is heavily calcified and attaches itself to hard surfaces. It grows branches with flattened ends and is reddish to purplish in coloration depending on the species. Most enter aquariums on live rock and require calcium supplementation in addition to intense lighting as they originate from shallow water. Also known as Pom pom algae.[177] 8 in (20.3 cm)[177]
Pink galaxy
 
 
 Galaxaura rugosa Easy[178] Moderate[178] Low-High[178] Low-High[178] Yes[178] Under low light or shade, this algae will appear pinkish. Brighter lighting will make it take on a reddish coloration. The algae has no waterflow preferences and grows in the shape of a dome (breaking its branches will distort the dome shape it grows into).[178] Over 4 in (10.2 cm)[178]
Indonesian red feather Gelidiaceae sp. Easy[179] Slow[179] Moderate[179] Moderate[179] Somewhat[179] This algae, also known as Red grass plant, has been available in the aquarium trade for a long time. Since it originates from deep water, it remains easy to care for, even without strong lighting. The algae radiates outward as it grows and will form dense fronds under good water quality and moderate lighting.[179] 5 in (12.7 cm)[179]
Red wiry turf algae
 
 
 Gelidium sp. Easy[180] Slow[180] Good[180] Moderate-High[180] Moderate-High[180] Not really[180] This fan-shaped algae ranges from yellow to red in coloration. It attaches itself to hard surfaces with a single holdfast or may drift, tangled with other species. The algae is rarely available, often being sold as Gracilaria and is difficult to remove from rockwork. Also known as Red turf algae, Red wiry algae, Fern algae, and Brush algae.[180][6] 10 in (25.4 cm)[180]
Purple Fauchea
 
 Gloiocladia sp. Easy[181] Slow[181] Poor[181] Moderate-High[181] Moderate-High[181] Somewhat[181] A rare algae that occurs naturally as solitary individuals in depths upwards of 20 ft. It features serrated or rounded fronds with a metallic iridescence on its dorsal side and a reddish coloration on its ventral side; higher intensity lighting will make the algae more violet. It is best attached to rockwork with superglue. Smaller herbivores have difficulty consuming its thick thallus.[181][182] 4 in (10.2 cm)[182]
Arcuate ogo Gracilaria arcuata Easy[183] Slow[183] Moderate[183] Moderate[183] Somewhat to some fish[183] This algae grows on shallow reefs and, depending on the environment, displays different colors (blackish with strong lighting, bright red with soft lighting). Due to its durability and slow growth rate, it is suitable for many different varieties of marine aquariums.[183] 4 in (10.2 cm)[184]
Red ogo Gracilaria cervicornis Yes[185] This species of red macroalgae can be found in a wide array of different colors and is a preferred food of tangs and angelfish.[185]
Red bush ogo
 
 Gracilaria curtissiae Easy[186] Slow[186] Fair[186] Moderate-High[186] Moderate-High[186] Yes[186] Being a slow grower, Red bush ogo may take several weeks to develop a holdfast and is best attached to rockwork with superglue or by tucking it into a crevice. Individuals grow to form symmetrical bushes and develop darker coloration under lower intensity light. The algae is naturally found the intertidal zone. Also known as Red macroalgae and Ruby red algae.[186][187] 18 in (45.7 cm)[187]
Pom pom
 
 Gracilaria hayi Easy[188] Slow[188] Fair[188] Moderate[188] Moderate-High[188] Not really[188] This flame-like algae grows in the shape of a symmetrical, dense bush and may either attach to rocks with a holdfast or float freely. It is quite undemanding, tolerating a variety of conditions, though it is slightly calcified and may require calcium supplementation. Lower light levels will bring out the algae's most desirable, deep crimson red coloration (more light will result in duller coloration).[188][189] 24 in (61.0 cm)[190]
Red mat algae Gracilaria mammillaris Easy[191] Moderate[191] Fair[191] Moderate[191] Moderate-High[191] Somewhat[191] This hardy algae grows reasonable quickly, rapidly attaching itself to substrate and other algae with its tendrils, and thus requires pruning. Individuals grow to form sheet-like plates that provide cover for copepods and rotifers and develop darker coloration under lower intensity light. It is also very rare in the marine aquarium trade.[191][192][193] 6 in (15.2 cm)[194]
Long ogo
 
 
 Gracilaria parvispora Easy[195] Moderate[195] Good[195] Moderate-High[195] Moderate-High[195] Not really[195] This algae is characterized by long, cylindrical fronds and a single holdfast. The coloration of an individual depends on the depth it was collected from (ranging from bright red to yellow or green). It is the most popular and one of the fastest growing of the red Gracilaria species in the aquarium trade and is hardy under a variety of conditions. It is also widely used in refugiums and can be harvested as an excellent food source for a variety of herbivorous organisms. Seahorses will readily use its thallus as a hitching post. Also known as Birds nest and Red ogo.[195][196] 10 in (25.4 cm)[195]
Graceful redweed
 
 Gracilaria tikvahiae Easy[195] Moderate[195] Good[195] Moderate-High[195] Moderate[195] Yes[195] This algae is highly variable depending on the environment. Under higher waterflow, it grows compact flattened blades as opposed to long cylindrical blades and may also take on red, brown, and green colorations. Individual Graceful redweed can be found attached to hard surfaces or free floating and may be tumbled in refugiums. It is also an excellent food source for many herbivores.[195] 16 in (40.6 cm)[195]
Dragon's tongue
 
 Halymenia dilatata Easy[197] Slow-Fast[197][198] Good[198] Low-Moderate[197] Moderate-High[197] Yes[197] A stunning, easily recognizable species, characterized by fiery, serrated fronds. Depending on its environment, it will either grow in a compact form or extend and become flowy in nature. In the wild, it is found in subtidal, reef-associated regions of the Western Atlantic Ocean. It is also relished by large herbivores and can be kept in a refugium.[197][198] Over 18 in (45.7 cm)[198]
Dragons breath
 
 Halymenia duchassaingii Expert[199] Shares its common name with Halymenia durvillei. It is an attractive algae species, naturally found in reef-associated areas on hard surfaces. In the captivity, its delicate nature makes it difficult to care for, and it is rarely seen in the aquarium trade.[199] 3 in (7.6 cm)[200]
Dragon's breath
 
 Halymenia durvillei Easy[201] Moderate[201] Good[201] Moderate-High[201] Moderate-High[201] Yes[201] This reddish algae has a soft composition (though more rigid and thicker than those of other members of its genus) with tips that will fluoresce a vibrant orange to yellow under moderately strong actinic lighting. It is highly popular, though it is often confused with other species, such as Halymenia dilatata and Gracilaria hayi. The algae grows in cycles and must be regularly split to be preserved.[201][202][203] 14 in (35.6 cm)[204]
Red finger
 
 Halymenia elongata Moderate[205] Moderate[205] Good[205] Moderate-High[205] Moderate-High[205] Yes[205] This algae possesses a gelatinous composition and a yellow to pink coloration. It forms tube-like blades anchored by a single holdfast. Though it is rarely sold in the hobby, it often enters aquariums on live rock from the Gulf of Mexico and through spores.[205] 12 in (30.5 cm)[205]
Flagweed
 
 Halymenia floresii Moderate[206] Slow[206] Good[206] Low-Moderate[206] Moderate-High[206] Yes[206] This sktriking, popular, highly palatable, and easily obtained species of Halymenia, like others belonging in its genus, is very delicate and possesses a smooth, gelatinous texture. It should be manually anchored or allowed to float freely as it rarely forms a holdfast. Other names for this algae include Red sea lettuce and Dragon's tongue.[206] 20 in (50.8 cm)[206]
Red sea lettuce
 
 Halymenia floridana Easy[207] Moderate[207] Good[207] Low-Moderate[207] Moderate-High[207] Yes[207] Depending on depth, this algae may take on a red to yellow coloration. Like others of its genus, it is very delicate and possesses a smooth, gelatinous texture. It is also compact and features rounded and irregular blades like Sea lettuce. It should be manually anchored or allowed to float freely as it rarely forms a holdfast.[207] 18 in (45.7 cm)[207]
Leafy sphere ogo Halymenia maculata Easy[208] Slow[208] Fair[208] Moderate-High[208] Moderate-High[208] Yes[208] This popular and vibrant species features stiff, blotchy purplish-light red to deep red blades, based on lighting conditions (however, it will turn grey under excessively high intensity light). Additionally, it is highly palatable to larger herbivorous fish and makes for a good refugium addition. In the wild, it is found in subtidal, reef-associated regions of the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans. Also known as Leafy ogo.[208][209] 7 in (17.8 cm)[209]
Flamingo feather algae Heterosiphonia gibbesii Difficult[210] Fair[210] High[211] High[210] Yes[210] As this algae is difficult to keep alive, it should only be attempted by experienced aquarists. It possesses a delicate complex of branches which may feature red, pink, brown, or yellow coloration. It also prefers cooler water temperatures, between 72 °F (22.2 °C) and 78 °F (25.6 °C). Since it is palatable, it should be kept away from most herbivores.[210][211] 8 in (20.3 cm)[210]
Rusty rock
 
 Hildenbrandia rubra Easy[13] Low[13] It is a pinkish, calcareous algae that encrusts solid surfaces and has minimal requirements. Once known as Hildenbrandia prototypus.[13][212] 8 in (20.3 cm)[213]
Encrusting red algae
 
 
 Hydrolithon sp. Moderate[163] Slow[163] None[163] Moderate-High[163] Moderate-High[163] No[163] This calcified genus of Coralline algae encrusts shallow-water rocks, helping to build reefs by cementing dead coral together. It is pink-purplish in coloration and features irregular knobs. Fragments of the algae may be placed in aquariums to kickstart the growth of Coralline algae.[163] 10 in (25.4 cm)[163]
Tattered sea moss
 
 Hypnea pannosa Moderate[214] Moderate[214] Moderate-High[215] Moderate[214] Also known as Blue hypnea, this algae takes on red, green, and purple colorations, though blue individuals are the most highly sought after. It grows in bushy clusters, much like Ochtodes which it is sometimes confused with. Despite not being ideal for nutrient export in aquaria, it remains popular for its coloration and iridescence (which may be enhanced under blue lighting).[214][216] 8 in (20.3 cm)[214]
Pink segmented algae
 
 Jania sp. Easy[217] Moderate[217] Moderate[217] This is a Coralline algae, composed of calcified, red to pink branches with white joints. It is naturally found in shady, sheltered areas.[217] 6 in (15.2 cm) mound[217]
Red fern
 
 
 Jania sp. Easy[218] Moderate[218] Fair[218] Moderate-High[218] Moderate[218] Somewhat[218] This popular genus of macroalgae grows calcified branches with fern shaped blades and has a red or pink coloration. It can be found growing on live rock and some species are epiphytic and grow on other algae. Most species in this genus are temperate water species yet they can tolerate warmer temperatures. Also known as Smooth kelp and was once known as Haliptilon.[218][219] 8 in (20.3 cm)[218]
Slender-beaded coral weed
 
 Jania rubens Easy[220] High[218] Not really[220] In nature, this hardy species is found in shallow water, often as an epiphyte on other algae. It features lightly calcified, maroon branches which require adequate flow to be maintained.[220] 6 in (15.2 cm)[221]
Filamentous red alga Kapraunia schneideri This is a seasonal species and is naturally found attached to hard surfaces in winter.[13]
Purple bush algae
 
 
 Laurencia sp. Easy[222] Moderate[222] Good[222] Moderate[222] Moderate[222] Yes[222] This genus of undemanding algae is highly variable and it may be difficult to differentiate between its species. Typically, they are bright red (lower light will bring out a deeper red) with short, stiff, cylindrical branches. It is found on hard bottoms of shallow-water environments, such as reef flats and seagrass meadows, often as an epiphyte. It is also highly palatable.[222] 8 in (20.3 cm)[222]
Spaghetti weed
 
 
 Liagora sp. Expert[223] Slow[223] Fair[223] Moderate-High[223] Moderate-High[223] Not really[223] This compact algae has a gelatinous composition and is moderately calcified. It is rare in the hobby due to its delicate nature and little is known about its care, though spores of the algae often enter aquariums through Pacific and Indonesian live rock. The algae features a pale pink to deep purple coloration.[223] 10 in (25.4 cm)[223]
Plate coral weed
 
 
 Lithophyllum sp. Moderate[224] Slow[224] None[224] Moderate-High[224] Moderate-High[224] No[224] This calcified genus of Coralline algae encrusts hard surfaces, helping to build reefs by cementing dead coral together. It is pink in coloration and grows plate-like projections, often with white edges. If it has not already been introduced on live rock, fragments of the algae may be placed in an aquarium. The algae also requires calcium supplementation.[224] 8 in (20.3 cm)[224]
Red air dancer
 
 Nemastoma sp. Moderate[225] Moderate[225] Good[225] Moderate-High[225] Moderate-High[225] Yes[225] Very similar to Halymenia elongata and may also be called Red finger, though this rare algae is more compact. Its gelatinous branches are filled with fluid, helping to orient the algae upright. Often, the tips of these branches are colored orange or white. The algae most often enters aquariums on live rock and can be grown under lower light levels.[225] 6 in (15.2 cm)[225]
Blue ball
 
 Ochtodes sp. Moderate[226] Moderate[226] Good[226] Moderate-High[226] Moderate[226] Somewhat[226] This highly adaptable algae is one of only a few with purple-blue coloration in the aquarium trade and is incredible popular. Usually, it grows in spurts, alternating between overgrowing its environment and dying back within the course of several weeks. In the wild, the algae grows on hard surfaces or as an epiphyte in shallow water.[226][227] 6 in (15.2 cm)[226]
Burgundy crust algae
 
 
 Peyssonnelia sp. Low[228] Moderate[228] This algae resembles Coralline algae, with edges that resemble peeling paint. It grows by encrusting.[228]
Laver
 
 
 Porphyra sp. In the wild, this translucent, purplish algae can be found floating freely or attached to solid surfaces with a small, yet incredibly strong holdfast. As it resides in the intertidal zone, it is well adapted to becoming dehydrated as the tide recedes. Also known as Nori, Red nori, and Purple laver and is edible to humans.[229][13] 12 in (30.5 cm)[229]
Red feather
 
 Portieria sp. Good[230] Moderate[231] This lesser-known algae is quite attractive, growing flat branches covered in segmented branchlets. Depending on its environment, the algae will take on a yellow, orange, or red coloration (deep red under aquarium lighting). It is also highly variable in terms of its size and composition.[230][231] 8 in (20.3 cm)[231]
Silk skin Pugetia japonica Moderate[232] Low-Moderate[232] Yes[232] Silk skin grows in deeper regions of the intertidal zone and is best viewed under lighting with red and blue wavelength lamps. The algae grows as a single cloth-like frond which does not branch finely and should be handled with care due to its delicate nature. Once known as Callophyllis okamurae.[232][233] 12 in (30.5 cm)[232]
Red bone grass
 
 Rhodopeltis sp. Easy[234] Slow[234] Poor[234] Moderate-High[234] Moderate-High[234] Somewhat[234] A stiff algae that provides good cover for smaller animals and is ideally attached to rockwork with superglue. Seahorses will readily use its thallus as a hitching post. It is difficult for small herbivorous fish to consume, though it may be fall prey to tangs. New growth is white in coloration.[234] 5 in (12.7 cm)[234]
Red finger algae Scinaia complanata Moderate-Expert[235] Moderate[235] Moderate-High[235] Low-Moderate[235] Yes[235] This challenging species demands stable water parameters and should not be excessively handled due to its fragility. It grows in red to pink, gelatinous clumps. If the algae is in poor health, this may indicate that it requires iodine supplementation. Crabs and tangs readily consume this algae. Also known as red leaf macro algae.[235][236] 5 in (12.7 cm)[235]
Moniliform sea moss Scinaia hormoides Yes[237] This species grows in clumps and is favored by tangs.[237] 3 in (7.6 cm)[238]
Red bamboo algae
 
 Solieria sp. Easy[239] Moderate[239] Fair[239] Moderate-High[240] Moderate[239] Somewhat[239] This is a unique, uncommon algae with fleshy, cane-like fronds that split into new fronds at their ends. It is difficult for small herbivorous fish to consume, though it may be fall prey to tangs. While it can secure itself to rocks and coarse substrates with its holdfasts, it is ideally attached to rockwork with superglue.[239][240] 12 in (30.5 cm)[239]
Ribbon algae Tricholgloea sp. Expert[241] Slow[241] Fair[241] Moderate-High[241] Moderate[241] No[241] This algae possesses a gelatinous composition and flat branches with white ribs. Some species are mildly calcified and they range from red to purple in coloration. It is naturally solitary, being found on hard bottoms in pristine environments. It is also incredibly rare in the aquarium hobby and is difficult to care for.[241] 10 in (25.4 cm)[241]

Mangroves edit

 
Red mangrove

Most mangroves that end up in the aquarium trade are either collected as seeds or grown on land.[242] Their leaves should be exposed to the air, well beyond the surface of the water, and be sprayed with freshwater regularly to prevent salt buildup. They also require intense lighting and a layer of substrate, not too shallow as to let the tree topple over and not too fine which would make parts of the sandbed to go anaerobic.[243]

Common name Image Taxonomy Care Level Growth rate Description Max size
Black mangrove
 
Cayos Mangrove02
 Avicennia germinans Moderate Slow 70'
Red mangrove
 
 Rhizophora mangle Easy Slow 80'
White mangrove   Laguncularia racemosa Expert Slow 60'

Seagrass edit

 
Common eelgrass

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ : BROWN MACROALGAE (PHAEOPHYTA) [1]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [2]
  2. ^ a b Dictoya cervicornis [3]. In: Gulf Coast Ecosystems [4]
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m DICTOYA SP. [5]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [6]
  4. ^ a b Canistrocarpus cervicornis (Kützing) De Paula & De Clerck, 2006 [7]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [8]
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o CYSTOSEIRA SP. [9]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [10]
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Nuisance Algae ID Guide [11]. In: Reef Cleaners [12]
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h LOBOPHORA SP. [13]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [14]
  8. ^ Lobophora [15]. In: Melev's Reef [16]
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o PADINA SP. [17]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [18]
  10. ^ a b Peacock alga (Padina sanctae-crucis) [19]. In: Marine Species Identification Portal [20]
  11. ^ Polycladia myrica (S.G.Gmelin) Draima, Ballesteros, F.Rousseau & T.Thibaut, 2010 [21]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [22]
  12. ^ a b Sargassum filipendula Sargassum weed [23]. In: Reeflex [24]
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  14. ^ Sargassum filipendula C.Agardh, 1824 [27]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [28]
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h SARGASSUM HYSTRIX VAR. BUXIFOLIUM [29]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [30]
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h SARGASSUM PLATYCARPUM [31]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [32]
  17. ^ a b Stypopodium zonale on Scleractinia Kelp [33]. In: Quality Marine [34]
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  20. ^ a b c d e f g h TURBINARIA SP. [37]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [38]
  21. ^ : GREEN MACROALGAE (CHLOROPHYTA) [39]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [40]
  22. ^ : MACRO ALGAE – EVER WANTED A PLANTED SALTWATER AQUARIUM ? [41]. In: Reef Aquarium [42]
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h ACETABULARIA SP. [43]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [44]
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h ANADYOMENE SP. [45]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [46]
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  27. ^ a b c d e f (Saltwater fish) Seaweed Mizutama (1) Hokkaido / Kyushu / Okinawa Airmail Insulation required [49]. In: Rakuten Ichiba [50]
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  35. ^ Caulerpa brachypus [63]. In: Saltcorner [64]
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  37. ^ Caulerpa brachypus Harvey, 1860 [67]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [68]
  38. ^ a b c d e f g CAULERPA RACEMOSA VAR. PELTATA [69]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [70]
  39. ^ Caulerpa peltata [71]. In: Saltcorner [72]
  40. ^ Caulerpa peltata J.V.Lamouroux, 1809 [73]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [74]
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h CAULERPA CUPRESSOIDES [75]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [76]
  42. ^ (Saltwater fish) Seaweed Byakushinzuta Rockless (1 bunch) Hokkaido Air Mail Insulation required [77]. In: Rakuten Ichiba [78]
  43. ^ Cactus Caulerpa [79]. In: Reef Cleaners [80]
  44. ^ a b c d e f g h CAULERPA RACEMOSA VAR. CYLINDRACEA [81]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [82]
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  46. ^ a b c Caulerpa floridana [85]. In: Saltcorner [86]
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  48. ^ a b c d (Saltwater fish) Seaweed Live food Umi-budo mix Gram sale 50g Hokkaido / Kyushu / Okinawa Airmail Insulation required [89]. In: Rakuten Ichiba [90]
  49. ^ Caulerpa lentillifera, Small seagrape : fisheries, aquaculture [91]. In: SeaLifeBase [92]
  50. ^ a b c d e f g h CAULERPA MEXICANA [93]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [94]
  51. ^ Caulerpa nummularia [95]. In: Melev's Reef [96]
  52. ^ Caulerpa nummularia [97]. In: USEFUL MARINE PLANTS OF THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION COUNTRIES [98]
  53. ^ a b c d e f g h CAULERPA PASPALOIDES [99]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [100]
  54. ^ a b c d e f g h CAULERPA PROLIFERA [101]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [102]
  55. ^ Caulerpa Prolifera [103]. In: Reef Cleaners [104]
  56. ^ a b c d e f g h CAULERPA RACEMOSA [105]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [106]
  57. ^ a b c d e f g h CAULERPA SERRULATA [107]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [108]
  58. ^ (Saltwater fish) Seaweed Yorezuta (1 bunch) Hokkaido Air Mail Insulation required [109]. In: Rakuten Ichiba [110]
  59. ^ a b c d e f g h CAULERPA SERTULARIODES [111]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [112]
  60. ^ a b c d e f g h CAULERPA TAXIFOLIA [113]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [114]
  61. ^ (Saltwater fish) Seaweed Okinawan Ichiizuta (1 bunch) Hokkaido Air Mail Insulation required [115]. In: Rakuten Ichiba [116]
  62. ^ a b Caulerpa verticillata Algae [117]. In: Reeflex [118]
  63. ^ a b c Fuzzy Caulerpa [119]. In: Reef Cleaners [120]
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  65. ^ a b c d e f g h CHAETOMORPHA SP. [123]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [124]
  66. ^ Chaeto for Major Tank Cleaning [125]. In: AlgaeBarn [126]
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  68. ^ a b c d e f Chaetomorpha aerea [129]. In: Saltcorner [130]
  69. ^ a b Aquacultured Chaetomorpha Crassa – Green [131]. In: Gulfstream Tropical Aquarium [132]
  70. ^ a b c d e f g h Chaetomorpha Chaeto Linum Thick [133]. In: Livealgae UK [134]
  71. ^ a b 3 Reasons your CHAETO is DYING | How To Grow Chaetomorpha in a Sump Refugium [135]. In: YouTube [136]
  72. ^ a b c d e Chaetomorpha spiralis (Curly Chaeto) [137]. In: Aquaculture Aquariums [138]
  73. ^ Green Saltwater Macro Algae Plant Chaetomorpha aka Chaeto (Chaetomorpha spiralis) - MEDIUM - Excellent for Nutrient Control in an Aquarium [139]. In: AquariumDepot [140]
  74. ^ Chaetomorpha spiralis [141]. In: A Community for Naturalists · iNaturalist [142]
  75. ^ Cladophora coelothrix Kützing, 1843 [143]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [144]
  76. ^ a b c d Cladophora Prolifera [145]. In: Livealgae UK [146]
  77. ^ Cladophora prolifera [147]. In: Gulf Coast Ecosystems [148]
  78. ^ Toadstool Algae [149]. In: Welcome to KPAquatics - KP Aquatics [150]
  79. ^ Cladophora prolifera (Roth) Kützing, 1843 [151]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [152]
  80. ^ Yoshii's 10 gallon gorgonian and macro algae biotope [153]. In: Nano-Reef Community [154]
  81. ^ a b c d e f g h CHLORODESMIS SP. [155]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [156]
  82. ^ Maiden's Hair Plant [157]. In: LiveAquaria® Official Fish | Aquarium Fish, Corals, & More [158]
  83. ^ Chlorodesmis Sp. [159]. In: Livealgae UK [160]
  84. ^ a b c d e f g h CODIUM SP. [161]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [162]
  85. ^ Codium green seaweed [163]. In: Wild Singapore [164]
  86. ^ Codium [165]. In: Livealgae UK [166]
  87. ^ a b c d e f g Deadmans Fingers Plant, Codium decorticatum [167]. In: Aquarium Creations Online [168]
  88. ^ a b c d e f g h CYMOPOLIA BARBATA [169]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [170]
  89. ^ Tufted Joint Algae [171]. In: LiveAquaria® Official Fish | Aquarium Fish, Corals, & More [172]
  90. ^ a b c d e (Saltwater fish) Seaweed Usugasane with stone (1) Hokkaido / Kyushu / Okinawa Airmail Insulation required [173]. In: Rakuten Ichiba [174]
  91. ^ a b c Do Algae Scrubbers Outperform Reactors and Refugiums? Yes Says Bryan of Santa Monica Filtration; See Positive Results In 1-3 Weeks [175]. In: Bulk Reef Supply [176]
  92. ^ a b c Dictyosphaeria cavernosa [177]. In: Saltcorner [178]
  93. ^ a b Dictyosphaeria cavernosa [179]. In: Marine Algae of Hawai`i [180]
  94. ^ a b c d e (Saltwater fish) Seaweed Isosugina with stone (1) Hokkaido / Kyushu / Okinawa Airmail Insulation required [181]. In: Rakuten Ichiba [182]
  95. ^ a b c d e f g h HALIMEDA DISCOIDEA [183]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [184]
  96. ^ Halimeda discoidea [185]. In: Saltcorner [186]
  97. ^ Halimeda discoidea [187]. In: Keoki Stender's Flora & Fauna ID Site [188]
  98. ^ a b c d e f g h HALIMEDA INCRASSATA [189]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [190]
  99. ^ Halimeda incrassata [191]. In: Saltcorner [192]
  100. ^ a b c d e Halimeda (Monile/Incrassata) [193]. In: Reef Cleaners [194]
  101. ^ TWAInverts1 [195]. In: WetWebMedia [196]
  102. ^ a b c d e f g h HALIMEDA OPUNTIA [197]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [198]
  103. ^ Halimeda opuntia [199]. In: Saltcorner [200]
  104. ^ Carpeting Halimeda [201]. In: Reef Cleaners [202]
  105. ^ Halimeda opuntia | watercress alga [203]. In: Wildflower Search [204]
  106. ^ a b c d e f Halimeda (Money Plant) [205]. In: Reef Cleaners [206]
  107. ^ Halimeda tuna [207]. In: Saltcorner [208]
  108. ^ a b c d e f g h NEOMERIS ANNULATA [209]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [210]
  109. ^ (Saltwater fish) Seaweed Fudenoho with stone S size (1) Hokkaido / Kyushu / Okinawa Airmail Insulation required [211]. In: Rakuten Ichiba [212]
  110. ^ Neomeris Annulata [213]. In: Livealgae UK [214]
  111. ^ a b c d e f g h PENICILLUS CAPITATUS [215]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [216]
  112. ^ a b c d e f g h PENICILLUS DUMETOSUS [217]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [218]
  113. ^ a b c d e f g h PENICILLUS PYRIFORMIS [219]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [220]
  114. ^ a b c d e f g h RHIPOCEPHALUS PHOENIX [221]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [222]
  115. ^ a b c d e f g h UDOTEA FLABELLUM [223]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [224]
  116. ^ a b c d e f (Saltwater fish) Seaweed Hagoromo (1) Hokkaido / Kyushu / Okinawa Airmail Insulation required [225]. In: Rakuten Ichiba [226]
  117. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n ENTEROMORPHA SP. [227]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [228]
  118. ^ Enteromorpha Link, 1820 [229]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [230]
  119. ^ a b c d e f g h ULVA SP. [231]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [232]
  120. ^ a b c How to keep ULVA macroalgae - ULTIMATE Nitrate & Phosphate Refugium Algae (Better Than CHAETO!) [233]. In: YouTube [234]
  121. ^ Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen) J.Agardh, 1883 [235]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [236]
  122. ^ Ulva flexuosa Wulfen, 1803 [237]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [238]
  123. ^ Grass Lettuce [239]. In: Rusalty [240]
  124. ^ a b Gut weed (Ulva intestinalis) [241]. In: MarLIN - The Marine Life Information Network [242]
  125. ^ Live Frag Stringy Ulva Intestinalis Sea Lettuce Marine Macro Algae Plant PICK A SIZE!!! [243]. In: Addictive Reef Keeping – Quality Products / Quality Livestock [244]
  126. ^ a b c d e f g Ulva Lactuca [245]. In: Livealgae UK [246]
  127. ^ Sea Lettuce (Ulva lactuca) [247]. In: URI EDC [248]
  128. ^ a b c d e f g h VALONIA SP. [249]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [250]
  129. ^ Valonia [251]. In: Melev's Reef [252]
  130. ^ : RED MACROALGAE (RHODOPHYTA) [253]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [254]
  131. ^ a b c d e f g h ANCANTHOPHORA SPICIFERA [255]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [256]
  132. ^ Acanthophora spicifera (Spiny Algae) [257]. In: Reef Cleaners [258]
  133. ^ a b Green Agardhiella [259]. In: Reef Cleaners [260]
  134. ^ a b Agardhiella [261]. In: Oceans, Reefs & Aquariums: ORA [262]
  135. ^ Agardhiella F.Schmitz, 1897 [263]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [264]
  136. ^ Agardhiella tenera (J.Agardh) F.Schmitz, 1897 [265]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [266]
  137. ^ Agardhiella subulata (C.Agardh) Kraft & M.J.Wynne, 1979 [267]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [268]
  138. ^ a b c d e f g h Gracilaria Vermiculophylla [269]. In: Livealgae UK [270]
  139. ^ Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss, 1967 [271]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [272]
  140. ^ Agarophyton vermiculophyllum - Worm or Black Wart Weed [273]. In: A-P-H-O-T-O Wildlife Image Libraries [274]
  141. ^ a b c d e f g h ASPARAGOPSIS TAXIFORMIS [275]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [276]
  142. ^ a b c d e f g h BOTRYOCLADIA SP. [277]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [278]
  143. ^ Botryocladia - Red Grape [279]. In: Livealgae UK [280]
  144. ^ a b c d e Botryocladia Botryoides Red Grape Macroalgae [281]. In: PLANTED REEF [282]
  145. ^ a b Red Grape Caulerpa [283]. In: Salty Bottom Reef Company [284]
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  147. ^ Botryocladia botryoides (Wulfen) Feldmann, 1941 [287]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [288]
  148. ^ a b c d e (Saltwater fish) Seaweed Indonesian Red Grape Plants (1) Hokkaido Air Mail Insulation required [289]. In: Rakuten Ichiba [290]
  149. ^ a b c d Botryocladia (Red Grape) [291]. In: Reef Cleaners [292]
  150. ^ a b c Red Grape Kelp (Botryocladia Occidentalis) [293]. In: LowTideCorals [294]
  151. ^ a b c d Botryocladia skottsbergii [295]. In: Saltcorner [296]
  152. ^ a b c d Flame Algae [297]. In: Reef Cleaners [298]
  153. ^ a b BRYOTHAMNION [299]. In: Pacific East Aquaculture [300]
  154. ^ a b c d e f g h Bryothamnion Triquetrum [301]. In: Livealgae UK [302]
  155. ^ Bryothamnion triquetrum [303]. In: Gulf Coast Ecosystems [304]
  156. ^ a b Patience by Sandra Shoup [305]. In: Reefkeeping Blog [306]
  157. ^ a b Cotton Candy Algae [307]. In: Salty Underground [308]
  158. ^ Callithamnion [309]. In: PhycoKey [310]
  159. ^ Caulacanthus ustulatus [311]. In: Melev's Reef [312]
  160. ^ Caulacanthus ustulatus [313]. In: Seaweeds of the South African South Coast [314]
  161. ^ a b c d e f g h CHONDRIA SP. [315]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [316]
  162. ^ a b Chondria Coerulescens Blue Algae Frag 1″ [317]. In: Addictive Reef Keeping – Quality Products / Quality Livestock [318]
  163. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o HYDROLITHON SP. [319]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [320]
  164. ^ CORALLINE ALGAE – THE ULTIMATE GUIDE [321]. In: ARC Reef - Atlantic Reef Conservation [322]
  165. ^ Coralline [323]. In: Reef Cleaners - Clean up Crews and Macroalgae [324]
  166. ^ Coralline Algae: What Is It and Why Is It Important in Reef Tanks? [325]. In: Reefs.com - Saltwater Aquarium Blog - Marine Aquarium Blog [326]
  167. ^ a b c d e f Cryptonemia Crenulata [327]. In: Livealgae UK [328]
  168. ^ a b Cryptonemia crenulata Macroalgae [329]. In: PLANTED REEF [330]
  169. ^ Cryptonemia Crenulata [331]. In: Gulf Coast Ecosystems [332]
  170. ^ Cryptonemia crenulata (J.Agardh) J.Agardh, 1851 [333]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [334]
  171. ^ a b c d e f g h DASYA SP. [335]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [336]
  172. ^ Digenea simplex (Wulfen) C.Agardh, 1822 [337]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [338]
  173. ^ a b Euchema spinosum [339]. In: Gulf Coast Ecosystems [340]
  174. ^ EUCHEMA SPINOSUM [341]. In: Pacific East Aquaculture [342]
  175. ^ a b c Eucheuma Spinosum macro care/What to expect [343]. In: Nano-Reef Community [344]
  176. ^ a b Eucheuma denticulatum (N.L.Burman) Collins & Hervey, 1917 [345]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [346]
  177. ^ a b c d e f g h GALAXAURA SP. [347]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [348]
  178. ^ a b c d e f g Pink Galaxy* [349]. In: Reef Cleaners [350]
  179. ^ a b c d e f g (Saltwater fish) Seaweed Indonesian Red Feather (1) Hokkaido / Kyushu / Okinawa Airmail Insulation required [351]. In: Rakuten Ichiba [352]
  180. ^ a b c d e f g h GELIDIUM SP. [353]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [354]
  181. ^ a b c d e f g Fauchea Sp. [355]. In: Livealgae UK [356]
  182. ^ a b Fauchea Sp. [357]. In: Gulf Coast Ecosystems [358]
  183. ^ a b c d e f (Saltwater fish) Seaweed Yumigata Ogonori (1) Hokkaido / Kyushu / Okinawa Airmail Insulation required [359]. In: Rakuten Ichiba [360]
  184. ^ Gracilaria arcuata, Arcuate gracilaria : fisheries [361]. In: SeaLifeBase [362]
  185. ^ a b Red Gracilaria [363]. In: Gulf Coast Ecosystems [364]
  186. ^ a b c d e f g Gracilaria Curtissae [365]. In: Livealgae UK [366]
  187. ^ a b Gracilaria curtissae [367]. In: Saltcorner [368]
  188. ^ a b c d e f g GRACILARIA HAYI [369]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [370]
  189. ^ Tigahboy's Macroalgae Tank(s) [371]. In: Reef2Reef [372]
  190. ^ Gracilaria hayi Gurgel, Fredericq & J.N.Norris, 2004 [373]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [374]
  191. ^ a b c d e f g Gracilaria Mammillaris [375]. In: Livealgae UK [376]
  192. ^ Red Mat Algae (Gracilaria Lauris) [377]. In: LowTide Corals [378]
  193. ^ Gracilaria Mammillaris Macroalgae [379]. In: PLANTED REEF [380]
  194. ^ Schneider, Craig (1975-11-01). "Taxonomic Notes on Gracilaria mammillaris (Mont.) Howe and Gracilaria Veleroae Dawson (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales)". Taxon. 24: 643–646. doi:10.2307/1220737.
  195. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p GRACILARIA PARVISIPORA [381]. In: Marine Plants in the Aquarium [382]
  196. ^ Gracilaria Parvispora [383]. In: Livealgae UK [384]
  197. ^ a b c d e f Dragon's Tongue Algae [385]. In: LiveAquaria® Official Fish | Aquarium Fish, Corals, & More [386]
  198. ^ a b c d DRAGON’S TONGUE [387]. In: AlgaeBarn [388]
  199. ^ a b Halymenia duchassaignii [389]. In: Saltcorner [390]
  200. ^ Halymenia duchassaingii (J.Agardh) Kylin, 1932 [391]. In: World Register of Marine Species: WoRMS [392]
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April 12, 2024
list, marine, aquarium, plant, species, this, list, incomplete, help, adding, missing, items, april, 2016, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducin. This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items April 2016 This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations September 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message Aquatic plants are used to give the aquarium a natural appearance oxygenate the water and provide habitat for fish especially fry babies and for invertebrates Some aquarium fish and invertebrates also eat live plants Hobby aquarists use aquatic plants for aquascaping A planted reef aquarium filled with Bladed sand moss Caulerpa prolifera A seagrass aquarium housing several seagrass meadow inhabitantsMarine algae are also included in this list for convenience despite the fact that many species are technically classified as protists not plants Contents 1 Brown macroalgae 2 Green macroalgae 3 Red macroalgae 4 Mangroves 5 Seagrass 6 See also 7 ReferencesBrown macroalgae edit nbsp SargassoBrown macroalgae are sometimes seasonally available in the aquarium trade and under suitable conditions will grow quite prolifically They possess the pigment Fucoxanthin which gives them their coloration ranging from yellow to dark brown A few are desirable yet many are pests with some species being rather difficult to remove often making their way into aquariums on live rock 1 Common name Image Taxonomy Care Level Growth rate Nutrient uptake Lighting Waterflow Palatable Description Max sizeBrazilian brown alga Canistrocarpus cervicornis Easy 2 Moderate 3 Good 3 Moderate High 3 Moderate High 3 Somewhat 3 This very hardy algae thrives in shallower waters It features flat spiraling blades which may or may not feature iridescence and vary from olive brown to gold in coloration Though it does not grow very quickly pruning is necessary to maintain an individual Once known as Dictyota cervicornis 2 4 10 in 25 4 cm 4 False sargasso nbsp nbsp Cystoseira sp Moderate 5 Slow 5 Fair 5 Moderate High 5 Moderate High 5 No 5 A rare algae in the aquarium trade commonly confused with Sargassum which has flat blades while False Sargasso has tight toothlike appendages It also has lower nutrient requirements due to its smaller size Characterized by its stiff stipes the outermost of which support pneumatocysts and its light brown coloration 5 18 in 45 7 cm 5 Iridescent algae nbsp Dictyota sp Moderate 3 Moderate 3 Good 3 Moderate High 3 Moderate High 3 Somewhat 3 The appearance of species within this genus varies greatly Some display blue iridescence while others are a dull olive color Larger bladed species are desirable as smaller ones can become invasive However all grow in clumps on hard surfaces or as epiphytes and are quite delicate being known to clog pumps and filters In the wild the algae is abundant in the intertidal zone and shallow reef flats Manual removal and clean up crew like Longnose decorator crabs can be used to combat this algae 3 6 12 in 30 5 cm 3 Encrusting fan leaf algae nbsp Lobophora sp Moderate 7 Moderate 7 Good 7 Low Moderate 7 Low Moderate 7 Somewhat 7 This algae is very similar to Scroll algae although it is not calcified being rubbery to the touch It comes in various shades of brown and green and because it comes from deep waters it requires little lighting Rarely does it enter aquariums which usually occurs when it hitchhikes on live rock Surprisingly the algae has a rhizoidal holdfast despite seeming to primarily encrust 7 8 10 in 25 4 cm 7 Scroll algae nbsp nbsp Padina sp Expert 9 Slow 9 Fair 9 Moderate High 9 Moderate High 9 No 9 Also known as Potato algae it is quite desirable given its beauty which may be enhanced if Coralline algae is allowed to encrust its surface The algae itself features green to brown coloration and grows in the shape of a rounded or split irregular cup with concentric rings Its single holdfast should be affixed to a hard bottom and calcium supplementation is required for growth as it is calcified 9 6 in 15 2 cm 9 White scroll algae nbsp Padina sanctae crucis Expert 9 Slow 9 Fair 9 Moderate High 9 Moderate High 9 No 9 This species of algae also known as Peacock algae is the most common of the Padina genus in the aquarium trade It often enters aquariums on live rock 9 10 6 in 15 2 cm 10 Brown algae Polycladia myrica Moderate 5 Slow 5 Fair 5 Moderate High 5 Moderate High 5 No 5 This algae makes seasonal appearances in the aquarium trade and originates from The Bahamas and Florida Once known as Cystoseira myrica 5 11 Gulfweed nbsp Sargassum filipendula Expert 12 This algae is naturally found on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and serves as habitat for a variety of marine animals Because it features pneumatocysts individual specimens will float without a holdfast Additionally it should only be attempted by advanced aquarists Also known as Sargassum weed 12 13 79 in 200 7 cm 14 White vein sargasso nbsp Sargassum hystrix Expert 15 Slow 15 Fair 15 High 15 Moderate High 15 Not really 15 This species is tolerable of cooler temperatures than most other macroalgae It attaches itself to hard surfaces using a holdfast in shallow turbulent environments and keeps itself upright with a sturdy stipe The algae grows large brown blades and a variety known as Sargassum hystrix buxifolium exists lacking a white colored mid rib 15 24 in 61 0 cm 15 Deep toothed gulfweed nbsp Sargassum platycarpum Expert 16 Slow 16 Fair 16 High 16 Moderate High 16 Not really 16 This species extends serrated golden blades from its thick stipes along with pneumatocysts to hold it upright Individuals may also grow a holdfast and the ones that do are most suitable for aquariums as they are capable of anchoring themselves It is often found on live rock and should frequently be pruned 16 30 in 76 2 cm 16 Leafy flat blade algae Stypopodium zonale Moderate 17 Moderate 17 This species of algae produces highly toxic extracts that are harmless toward smaller grazers including amphipods and polychaetes yet are capable of killing herbivorous reef fish Death occurs within 10 hours of the algae s introduction to a well aerated aquarium during which the fish will attempt to jump out 18 8 in 20 3 cm 19 Pyramid seaweed nbsp nbsp Turbinaria sp Expert 20 Slow 20 Fair 20 High 20 Moderate High 20 To some fish 20 This tough macroalgae is rubbery to the touch features toothed triangular blades and anchors itself to substrate using a holdfast It is quite variable with some individuals growing in short tight clusters while others feature a tall stipe It prefers to be placed near the top of an aquarium becoming quite hardy in the presence of strong flow and lighting 20 2 in 5 1 cm 20 Green macroalgae edit nbsp Dead man s fingersGreen macroalgae are extremely diverse and abundant coming in a wide variety of shapes They possess the pigment Chlorophyll which gives them their coloration ranging from bright green to yellow or dark jade Reproduction via fragmentation or the releasing of spores are utilized by this macroalgae group The second option which is used by the genus Caulerpa can be quite problematic in an aquarium 21 Some species of green macroalgae have greater ease surviving in high nutrient environments or inadequate water parameters than other kinds of macroalgae and are generally the most suitable for nutrient removal due to their rapid growth rates 22 Common name Image Taxonomy Care Level Growth rate Nutrient uptake Lighting Waterflow Palatable Description Max sizeMermaid s wine glass nbsp Acetabularia sp Moderate 23 Slow 23 Poor 23 High 23 Low 23 Yes 23 A beautiful and interesting genus of algae which unfortunately tends to be short lived in aquariums It grows a disc like appendage which is more pronounced in certain species is easily broken when removed from water and may be removed to start a new colony A hard surface to attach to as well as calcium supplementation are required to grow the calcified algae 23 4 in 10 2 cm 23 Basket weave nbsp Anadyomene sp Moderate 24 Slow 24 Poor 24 Moderate 24 Moderate 24 To some fish 24 Most specimens make their way into aquariums through live rock and amongst calcareous algae from the wild staying small in captivity It possesses rigid variable irregularly shaped blades which are characterized by their patterned veins Anadyomene saldanhae and Anadyomene stellata are the most popular species of this genus 24 10 in 25 4 cm 24 Fan weed nbsp Avrainvillea sp This species of algae grows a central stalk supporting a single fan shaped blade 25 Green sea sausage seaweed nbsp Bornetella nitida Moderate 26 Moderate 26 Low 26 Not really 26 In the wild this algae grows in shallow water environments such as tide pools and on tumbling beach rocks It features firm yet elastic fronds which grow vertically and take on a reddish coloration during their growth stage Provided with an environment suitable for soft corals the algae will grow in its most desirable shape 26 2 in 5 1 cm 26 Spherical turtle shell nbsp Bornetella sphaerica Moderate 27 Moderate 27 Low 27 Not really 27 In the wild this algae grows in shallow water environments such as tide pools and on tumbling beach rocks It features firm yet elastic fronds which take on a reddish coloration during their growth stage Provided with an environment suitable for soft corals the algae will grow in its most desirable shape 27 2 in 5 1 cm 27 Bryopsis nbsp Bryopsis sp Easy 28 Fast 28 29 Somewhat 30 This algae is usually seen as a nuisance though it may be desirable in Macroalgae tanks Though it is rarely sold on its own it often enters aquariums through live rock and is hard to eradicate due to its firm grip on rockwork Its coarse composition aids in accumulating detritus from which it can derive nutrients Eradication can be achieved through the use of grazers including several crabs mollusks and sea urchins manual removal light starvation and nutrient reduction Elevated magnesium may hinder the growth of the algae but can be dangerous to invertebrates 28 29 30 6 Sea fern nbsp Bryopsis pennata Easy 28 Fast 28 29 Somewhat 30 One of the most difficult species of algae to eradicate in the hobby This algae is characterized by its pronounced midrib and mat like rhizoids Compared to Bryopsis plumosa Bryopsis pennata features more irregular and sparsely branching fronds 6 4 in 10 2 cm 31 Hen pen nbsp Bryopsis plumosa Easy 28 Fast 28 29 Somewhat 30 One of the most difficult species of algae to eradicate in the hobby This algae is characterized by its pronounced midrib and mat like rhizoids Compared to Bryopsis pennata Bryopsis plumosa features more symmetrical and densly branching fronds 6 4 in 10 2 cm 32 Giant feather algae Caulerpa asmeadii Easy 33 Moderate 33 Good 33 Moderate 33 Low Moderate 33 Somewhat 33 This is a large species of Caulerpa although unlike its relatives it won t outgrow its environment as it is slow growing It features a thick rhizome which should be pinched when pruned to reduce the amount of pollutants released Younger individuals may be confused with Caulerpa sertularioides which inhabits shallower habitats and both may be sold as Feather algae 33 14 in 35 6 cm 33 Sea mustard nbsp nbsp Caulerpa brachypus Easy 34 Fast 34 Good 34 Moderate High 34 Moderate 34 Somewhat 34 Also known as Mini caulerpa Though this uncommon species of Caulerpa is more palatable than Caulerpa prolifera herbivorous fish tend not to consume it It will attach itself to both rocks and sand substrates with rhizoids is a good refugium addition for nutrient export and housing microinvertebrates and requires regular pruning 35 34 36 1 in 2 5 cm 37 Umbrella algae nbsp Caulerpa chemnitzia Easy 38 Fast 38 Excellent 38 Moderate 38 Moderate High 38 Not really 38 Rarely seen in the hobby and can be found in dim habitats in the wild The algae is excellent at stripping a tank of nutrients so it must be carefully monitored Two varieties exist one with smooth round blades and the other with concave blades Was known as Caulerpa peltata and also may be called Saucer algae and Mushroom algae 39 38 40 6 in 15 2 cm 33 Zipper algae nbsp Caulerpa cupressoides Easy 41 Slow 41 Fair 41 Moderate High 41 Moderate 41 No 41 This interesting and undemanding species of Caulerpa prefers to grow on sand however it can grow off of harder surfaces The algae features long stiff stipes bordered by notched blades and is naturally found growing in shallow water seagrass meadows Seahorses will readily use its stipes as hitching posts Also known as Cactus caulerpa 41 42 43 8 in 20 3 cm 41 Banana algae nbsp Caulerpa cylindracea Easy 44 Fast 44 Excellent 44 Moderate High 44 Moderate High 44 No 44 This tall algae features cylindrical blades making it resemble a cluster of bananas as well as a dark green coloration It is excellent at stripping a tank of nutrients so its size must be limited Though it is mostly inedible some fish may nip at its holdfast 44 6 in 15 2 cm 44 Razor algae Caulerpa floridana Easy 45 46 Moderate 46 This algae also known as Florida caulerpa originates from shallow environments such as lagoons and bays and enters aquariums through Caribbean and Floridian live rock It is not very popular in the hobby 46 Small sea grapes nbsp Caulerpa lentillifera Moderate 47 Fast 47 High 48 Moderate 48 Yes 48 This species of Caulerpa prefers to grow on rockwork though it may venture out onto the substrate Under strong lighting it will grow dense blades resembling clusters of grapes Additionally it is known to be edible to humans and is also called Green caviar Latok and Umibudo 47 48 6 in 15 2 cm 49 Fern algae nbsp Caulerpa mexicana Easy 50 Moderate 50 Good 50 Moderate 50 Low Moderate 50 Somewhat to fish 50 This species of tight bladed Caulerpa can grow on hard surfaces as well as sandy and muddy substrates In turbulent surroundings it grows somewhat compact and in calmer surroundings it grows taller Its adaptability to lighting requirements allows it to grow in environments without direct lighting amongst other algae such as under ledges 50 8 in 20 3 cm 50 Coin Caulerpa Caulerpa nummularia This algae can be maintained in a refugium with constant exposure to light and regular pruning every few weeks It uses a rhizome to anchor to rocks and substrate and can be very difficult to remove once established 51 1 cm 0 4 in 52 Palm tree algae nbsp nbsp Caulerpa paspaloides Easy 53 Moderate 53 Excellent 53 Moderate 53 Low Moderate 53 Somewhat 53 This species of Caulerpa is a good nutrient export choice as it pollutes aquariums less often than its relatives and is fast growing It should be pruned regularly as its fine structure captures undesirable substances Under more intense lighting the algae s palm shaped blades will grow more compact and triangular in addition to taking on a darker shade of green 53 12 in 30 5 cm 53 Bladed sand moss nbsp Caulerpa prolifera Easy 54 Fast 54 Excellent 54 Moderate 54 Low Moderate 54 Somewhat 54 Bladed sand moss is well suited for aquariums as it grows slower than other members of its genus and is easily pruned It desires sandy substrates inhabiting seagrass meadows in the wild and will grow wider blades in turbulent water and taller thinner blades in calmer environments Out of all the Caulerpa species that are commercially available this one is the most popular and widespread commonly used to cover sand beds in marine planted aquariums 54 55 6 in 15 2 cm 54 Coarse sea grapes nbsp nbsp Caulerpa racemosa Easy 56 Fast 56 Excellent 56 Moderate High 56 Moderate High 56 Somewhat 56 Unlike other species of Caulerpa this one grows round clustered blades It is notorious for releasing spores and stripping tanks of available nutrients as well as its invasively rapid growth having given the entire Caulerpa genus a bad rap As such it must be carefully monitored and pruned Many varieties of this algae exist worldwide which are highly varied and inhabit shallow water environments 56 6 8 in 20 3 cm 56 Sawtooth algae nbsp Caulerpa serrulata Easy 57 Moderate 57 Good 57 Moderate 57 Low Moderate 57 Somewhat 57 This smaller sized hardy species of algae is often available and put in refugiums for nutrient export or used to create thick bushes in the foreground of an aquarium It originates from shallow habitats where it prefers to grow on small rocky objects and its stiff nature makes it unappetizing to most organisms Weaker lighting will lessen the jaggedness of its twisted blades 57 58 5 in 12 7 cm 57 Green feather algae nbsp Caulerpa sertularioides Easy 59 Fast 59 Excellent 59 Moderate 59 Low Moderate 59 Yes 59 This shallow water Caulerpa species features fronds with rounded tips It is very popular among hobbyists although it grows quickly easily taking over aquariums However it is a great choice for refugiums considering how many fish and invertebrates enjoy eating it The algae prefers to grow on hard surfaces yet its adaptability allows it to also grow on the sand bed and climb aquarium walls 59 8 in 20 3 cm 59 Killer algae nbsp Caulerpa taxifolia Easy 60 Fast 60 Excellent 60 Moderate 60 Low Moderate 60 No 60 Also known as Fern algae and Feather plant this algae can become quite invasive in the wild as it is able to survive in a wide range of temperatures and grows rapidly For this reason it is rare within the United States It appears similar to Caulerpa mexicana although its dark green fronds are more uniform and spaced further apart The algae will spread on both rocks and sand 60 61 10 in 25 4 cm 60 Fluffy green seaweed nbsp Caulerpa verticillata Easy 62 Fast 63 Low High 63 Though this is a rather short species of the Caulerpa genus Fluffy green seaweed or Fuzzy caulerpa can grow extremely quickly even on walls As such it is only suitable for marine planted aquariums Regular pruning should be performed by twirling the algae s blades around one s fingers separating it s holdfast from hard surfaces Amphipods and copepods enjoy living within the algae 63 64 5 9 in 15 0 cm 62 Spaghetti algae nbsp nbsp nbsp Chaetomorpha sp Easy 65 Fast 65 Excellent 65 Low High 65 Moderate 65 Not really 65 Also called Chaeto this algae grows as a tangled mass of green filaments and originates from shallow nutrient rich environments It is incredibly popular with aquarists since it serves as habitat for microinvertebrates such as amphipods and copepods and rapidly consumes excess nutrients though care must be taken to replenish these nutrients such as iron nitrates and phosphates For this reason it is often kept in a refugium where it can either be tumbled or left to float Despite being hardy and easy to grow care must be taken to meet the different environmental requirements of the different species of Spaghetti algae 65 66 67 24 in 61 0 cm mound 65 Tall hair alga nbsp nbsp Chaetomorpha aerea Easy 68 Fast 69 Excellent 69 Moderate 68 Moderate 68 Yes 68 Once known as Chaetomorpha crassa It is rare example of a hair algae species suitable for marine aquariums being an excellent refugium addition In captivity the stiff filamentous algae serves as habitat for microinvertebrates provides nutrient export and can be fed to herbivores though it should ideally be tumbled Naturally this algae is found in the intertidal zone 68 6 in 15 2 cm mound 68 Floating chaeto nbsp nbsp Chaetomorpha linum Easy 70 Fast 70 Excellent 70 Moderate High 70 Moderate 70 No 70 Also known as Spaghetti algae This stable greenish algae is composed of unbranched tangled filaments finer and more flexible than those of Chaetomorpha spiralis It is excellent at nutrient export but care must be taken to replenish said nutrients in a system containing Chaetomorpha linum such as nitrate phosphate Magnesium Iodine and Iron Additionally herbivorous fish cannot digest this algae though they might attempt to eat it 70 71 16 in 40 6 cm 70 Curly Chaeto nbsp Chaetomorpha spiralis Moderate 72 Fast 72 Excellent 73 High 72 Moderate 72 Also known as Spaghetti algae and Green hair algae not Derbesia This hardy algae is composed of clumped long filaments thicker and more brittle than those of Chaetomorpha linum It is an excellent addition for refugiums serving as habitat for microinvertebrates and providing nutrient export 72 71 20 in 50 8 cm 74 Green tide alga nbsp Cladophora coelothrix High 13 This algae is composed of compacted filaments forming a sphere It does best in cooler water 13 20 in 50 8 cm 75 Toadstool algae nbsp Cladophora prolifera Easy 45 Slow 45 Poor 76 Moderate High 76 Low High 76 Somewhat 76 This species of shallow water algae grows in clumps on rocks and rubble featuring rigid finely branched filaments Many aquarists believe it is a nuisance since it will become hard to remove after establishing itself However microinvertebrates enjoy living within the algae such as starfish May also be called Green bush Moss ball and Sea hair 77 45 78 20 in 50 8 cm 79 Green wiry algae nbsp nbsp Cladophoropsis sp Slow 6 Yes 6 This low lying algae creeps along rocks and can be difficult to remove Often it is found on frags and live rock It is known to persist in low nutrient environments Also known as Bob Ross algae 6 80 Turtleweed nbsp nbsp Chlorodesmis sp Expert 81 Moderate 81 Good 81 High 81 Moderate High 81 No 81 Also known as Maiden s hair plant this popular stringy algae is often mistaken for hair algae and enters the aquarium trade on live rock and coral It is toxic making it inedible and capable of effecting coral growth though microinvertebrates enjoy living within the algae such as amphipods and copepods If the blades of the algae turn white they should be removed 82 81 83 8 in 20 3 cm 81 Dead man s fingers nbsp nbsp Codium sp Easy 84 Slow 84 Fair 84 Moderate High 84 High 84 No 84 Some forms of this algae feature a single holdfast with multiple irregular branches and others encrust surfaces taking on a blob like shape They should be placed on hard surfaces and kept in water temperatures under 80 F 26 7 C Though the main structure of Dead man s fingers is inedible some fish may graze on the fuzzy filaments that cover its surface 84 85 86 12 in 30 5 cm 84 Green fleece nbsp Codium decorticatum Easy 87 Slow 87 High 87 Low 87 Not really 87 This desirable algae features thick fingerlike protrusions that provide habitat for microcrustaceans and can break apart if disturbed Though it floats it can be attached to solid surfaces with superglue In nature it is distributed worldwide in shallow waters though it is rare in the aquarium hobby 87 12 in 30 5 cm 87 Tufted joint algae nbsp Cymopolia barbata Moderate 88 Slow 88 Fair 88 High 88 Moderate High 88 Not really 88 This species of prehistoric looking algae is rarely available although it may enter aquariums through live rock It is quite interesting but requires calcium supplementation as it is calcified Pieces of the algae may be clipped and fed to Tangs and Rabbitfish Also known as Palm tree algae 88 89 12 in 30 5 cm 88 Usugasane Cymopolia vanbosseae Easy 90 Moderate 90 Moderate 90 In the wild this algae grows in shallow water environments It is calcified and its base is white due to the lack of Chlorophyll In the aquarium this algae will deteriorate if other algae is allowed to grow on its surface and should be exposed to fluorescent lighting for dense frond growth though the algae can be grown under LED lighting 90 2 in 5 1 cm 90 Green hair algae nbsp nbsp Derbesia sp Fast 6 Excellent 91 High 91 Yes 6 Green hair algae is the desired algae in algae scrubbers for nutrient export and the rearing of microinvertebrates Outside scrubbers it is a pest and is distinguished from similar algae by its lack of a root system delicate nature and fine texture Removal is simple as it can be pulled or scrubbed off rockwork and sifted from sand and is highly palatable to a variety of herbivores Proper water quality and low nutrient levels also discourage the growth of this algae as does lighting that is less red 6 91 Green bubble weed nbsp Dictyosphaeria cavernosa Various 92 Somewhat 92 In the wild this green to bluish algae thrives in rocky crevices where detritus can accumulate It will tolerate a variety of lighting intensities and survive in aquariums with low nutrient levels The algae is made up of easily seen bubble shaped cells which when ruptured release new cells that will settle throughout an aquarium system 92 93 5 in 12 7 cm 93 Isosugina nbsp Halicoryne wrightii Moderate 94 Low 94 Yes 94 In the wild this algae grows in shallow water environments such as tide pools and on tumbling beach rocks The algae s yellow green coloration is a result of limestone deposits on its fronds which requires specific Carbonate hardness levels to form This algae will become weakened if other algae is allowed to grow on its surface 94 2 in 5 1 cm 94 Large leaf watercress algae nbsp Halimeda discoidea Easy 95 Moderate 95 Fair 95 Moderate High 95 Moderate 95 Somewhat 95 Out of all the Halimeda species this one possesses the largest segments and unlike its relatives only grows on hard surfaces It requires calcium supplementation as it is calcified making it a good food for grazers such as Tangs as it helps keep their digestive tracts free of blockages Also known as Money plant and Rosette halimeda 95 96 97 10 in 25 4 cm 95 Three finger leaf algae nbsp nbsp Halimeda incrassata Easy 98 Moderate 98 Fair 98 Moderate High 98 Moderate 98 No 98 Also known as Money plant this algae either grows in clumps or forms several branches It requires calcium supplementation as it is calcified making it a good food for clearing blockages in the digestive tracts of grazers and a sand bed at least 4 in 10 2 cm deep While generally small this algae will rapidly reproduce under favorable conditions sprouting new individuals near its base 98 99 8 in 20 3 cm 98 Jointed stalk algae nbsp Halimeda monile Slow 100 Fair 100 Low High 100 No 100 This algae is ideal for use in aquascaping as it is inedible Though it can be housed under a wide range of lighting strengths it grows best under Moderate High lighting and prefers to grow in finer substrates It also requires calcium supplementation as it is calcified Individuals will appear stressed when they attempt to spread using the majority of their energy to produce new growth 100 8 in 20 3 cm 101 Prickly pear nbsp Halimeda opuntia Easy 102 Moderate 102 Fair 102 Moderate High 102 Moderate 102 No 102 This algae forms large mounds of tight segments and attaches itself to rocks and sand using several holdfasts It requires calcium supplementation as it is calcified making it a good food for clearing blockages in the digestive tracts of grazers However under the right conditions it can be used to form a ground cover Also known as Money plant Carpeting halimeda and Watercress alga 102 103 104 105 10 in 25 4 cm 102 Money plant nbsp Halimeda scabra Low High 106 This algae is named after its coin shaped segments Though it can be housed under a wide range of lighting strengths it grows best under Moderate High lighting It also requires calcium supplementation 106 5 in 12 7 cm 106 Cactus algae nbsp Halimeda tuna Low High 106 Cactus algae is common on reefs and is amongst the most imported species of the Halimeda genus for aquariums Though this algae can be housed under a wide range of lighting strengths it grows best under Moderate High lighting It requires calcium supplementation as it is calcified making it a good food for grazers such as Tangs as it helps keep their digestive tracts free of blockages Also known as Money plant 107 106 5 in 12 7 cm 106 Ringed finger seaweed nbsp Neomeris annulata Moderate 108 Slow 108 Fair 108 Moderate 108 Low 108 Somewhat 108 This species of spongy fuzzy algae grows in small clusters or individually and spreads by extending its holdfast on rockwork or Mangrove roots and growing new fronds It is lightly calcified and should be provided with calcium supplementation Also known as Finger algae and may become highly invasive 108 109 110 4 in 10 2 cm 108 Mermaid s shaving brush nbsp Penicillus capitatus Easy 111 Moderate 111 Fair 111 Moderate High 111 Low Moderate 111 No 111 This species of algae generally grows out of the sand bed on reef flats and seagrass meadows anchoring itself with rhizoids although it may grow on rocks It requires a sand bed at least 4 in 10 2 cm deep along with calcium supplementation like many other calcified stem plants In aquariums a mature specimen will often die only to produce new individuals at its base 111 8 in 20 3 cm 111 Neptune s shaving brush nbsp Penicillus dumetosus Easy 112 Moderate 112 Fair 112 Moderate High 112 Low Moderate 112 No 112 This species of Penicillus grows to be larger than others of its own genus and features a more tapered top In the wild it grows on reef flats and seagrass meadows anchoring itself with rhizoids In the aquarium it requires a sand bed at least 4 in 10 2 cm deep and calcium supplementation A mature specimen will often die only to produce new individuals at its base 112 8 in 20 3 cm 112 Flat top bristle brush nbsp Penicillus pyriformis Easy 113 Moderate 113 Fair 113 Moderate High 113 Low Moderate 113 No 113 This species of Penicillus grows to be larger than others of its own genus and features a completely flattened top In the wild it grows on reef flats and seagrass meadows anchoring itself with rhizoids In the aquarium it requires a sand bed at least 4 in 10 2 cm deep and calcium supplementation A mature specimen will often die only to produce new individuals at its base 113 8 in 20 3 cm 113 Pinecone algae nbsp Rhipocephalus phoenix Easy 114 Moderate 114 Fair 114 Moderate High 114 Moderate 114 No 114 This pinecone shaped algae attaches itself to sandy substrate and occasionally rocks using a bulb like structure possessing several rhizoids It requires a sand bed at least 4 in 10 2 cm deep and calcium supplementation In the wild it grows on reef flats seagrass meadows and Halimeda forests 114 6 in 15 2 cm 114 Mermaid s fan nbsp Udotea flabellum Easy 115 Moderate 115 Fair 115 Moderate High 115 Moderate 115 No 115 This species of calcified algae is very popular and requires a sand bed at least 4 in 10 2 cm deep along with calcium supplementation Given that its requirements are met and conditions are favorable an individual Mermaid s fan will rapidly reproduce sprouting new individuals from its base Rhizoids also extend from the base anchoring the algae 115 12 in 30 5 cm 115 Fan algae nbsp Udotea orientalis Easy 116 Slow 116 High 116 Low 116 This species of algae attaches itself to a sand substrate preferring the same environment as sand rooted Halimeda such as Halimeda opuntia Since it grows slowly algae can easily grow on this species surface under poor water quality weakening it 116 2 in 5 1 cm 116 Gutweed nbsp nbsp Ulva sp Easy 117 Fast 117 Excellent 117 Moderate High 117 Low Moderate 117 Yes 117 Gutweed or Tube algae is common in both tropical and temperate waters The algae forms tube like blades secured by a single holdfast to hard surfaces and Mangrove roots In the aquarium this algae should be kept in water temperatures under 80 F 26 7 C and may be used to feed herbivorous fish It was previously classified under the genus Enteromorpha 117 118 10 in 25 4 cm 117 Sea lettuce nbsp nbsp nbsp Ulva sp Easy 119 Fast 119 Excellent 119 Moderate High 119 Moderate 119 Yes 119 Sea lettuce is common in both tropical and temperate waters The algae forms flat sheets which either anchor themselves with holdfasts or float by trapping pearled air bubbles Its growth rate is comparable to that of Chaetomorpha is nearly as popular and is similarly good at absorbing excess nutrients in aquariums housing microinvertebrates and requires iron supplementation It is usually kept in refugiums and since it is relished by many aquarium inhabitants it can be harvested there and fed to organisms in display tanks Care must be taken to protect return pumps when using Sea lettuce since the latter can easily clog the former 119 120 8 in 20 3 cm mound 119 Winding nori nbsp Ulva flexuosa Yes 13 This algae is filamentous in nature and is great for feeding Sea urchins Once known as Enteromorpha flexuosa 13 121 24 in 61 0 cm 122 Grass lettuce nbsp Ulva intestinalis Easy 117 Fast 117 Excellent 117 Moderate High 117 Low Moderate 117 Yes 117 Also known as Gutweed and Grass kelp and once known as Enteromorpha intestinalis This increasingly popular hardy algae is a good refugium addition and can be fed to fish Individuals may attach to sand or rocks with a holdfast or be left to float The algae also serves as habitat for microinvertebrates and seahorses will readily use its filamentous blades as hitching posts 123 124 120 125 12 in 30 5 cm 124 Common sea lettuce nbsp Ulva lactuca Easy 126 Fast 126 Excellent 126 Moderate High 126 Moderate 126 Yes 126 This popular algae grows in ruffled thin sheets which in the event it does not feature a holdfast which it will slowly develop if attached to a rock will trap pearled air bubbles and cause it to float Good nutrient uptake the ability to house microinvertebrates and palatability by herbivorous fish are characteristic of the algae as well as the necessity for iron supplementation In low nutrient environments it may get stressed and become invasive 120 126 24 in 61 0 cm 127 Bubble algae nbsp nbsp Valonia sp Expert 128 Moderate 128 Good 128 High 128 Moderate High 128 No 128 Also known as Sailor s eyeballs this algae is usually viewed as a pest often entering aquariums on live rock It has the ability to choke out corals if it grows too large and unfortunately very few animals consume it one of which is the Emerald crab Mithraculus sculptus They may be desirable in marine planted aquariums however The algae itself is comprised deep green spore filled spheres 128 129 8 in 20 3 cm 128 Red macroalgae edit nbsp Coralline algaeRed macroalgae are highly sought after in the aquarium trade given their intense coloration and striking appearance They possess the pigment Phycoerythrin which gives them their vivid coloration ranging from red to orange to blue For some species identification is difficult and slight variations due to location and depth may exist 130 Common name Image Taxonomy Care Level Growth rate Nutrient uptake Lighting Waterflow Palatable Description Max sizeSpiny algae nbsp Acanthophora spicifera Easy 131 Moderate 131 Good 131 Moderate High 131 Moderate High 131 Not really 131 This variable species comes in shades of red yellow purple and green Bright lighting brings out paler color while darker color is brought out by bluer lighting Its structure consists of branches finer and more compact than those of Laurencia The fast growing algae must be pruned regularly Also known as Fire fern 132 131 8 in 20 3 cm 131 Agar nbsp Agardhiella sp High 133 Yes 134 The algae Agardhiella has similar requirements to Gracilaria and Ulva and features translucent gelatinous fronds In captivity it can tolerate but must first be slowly introduced to bright lighting and can be fed to fish It is also a source of the substance agar 133 134 12 in 30 5 cm 135 Agardh s red weed nbsp nbsp Agardhiella subulata This reddish purple gelatinous algae is characterized by its numerous branchlets It is edible to humans Once known as Agardhiella tenera 13 136 12 in 30 5 cm 137 Worm wart weed Agarophyton vermiculophyllum Easy 138 Moderate 138 Good 138 Moderate High 138 Moderate High 138 Somewhat 138 This is a hardy species suitable for marine aquaria It develops darker coloration under lower intensity light and is best attached to rockwork with superglue Once known as Gracilaria vermiculophylla and also commonly called black wart weed 138 139 140 12 in 30 5 cm 138 Red sea plume nbsp Asparagopsis taxiformis Moderate 141 Moderate 141 Good 141 Moderate High 141 Moderate High 141 Yes 141 This algae firmly attaches to hard surfaces using multiple rhizomes as it lives in turbulent environments It grows reddish somewhat iridescent filaments that are compacted into clusters of cone shaped branches It occasionally enters the aquarium trade on Pacific live rock and is also called Limu Its sporophyte stage may be a type of Cotton candy algae which is a fast growing pest 6 141 6 in 15 2 cm 141 Red grape nbsp nbsp Botryocladia sp Easy 142 Slow 142 Good 142 Moderate 142 Moderate 142 Yes 142 This is a beautiful hardy highly palatable genus of macroalgae with several species available in the aquarium trade It bears a resemblance to a cluster of grapes possessing stiff lightly calcified branches covered in bright red pneumatocysts Excessively high light will pale these pneumatocysts Also known as Red berries as well as Red grape caulerpa despite not belonging in the Caulerpa genus 142 143 18 in 45 7 cm 142 Red grape macroalgae nbsp Botryocladia botryoides Moderate 144 Moderate 144 Moderate 144 Low Moderate 144 Yes 145 Despite its popularity this algae is not often seen in the aquarium trade and is seasonally available However new individuals are easily produced by fragmenting the stipes of this algae Additionally especially when stressed the algae may lose its pneumatocysts though these are quickly regrown In nature it is found in shaded environments as well as the intertidal zone 144 145 146 4 in 10 2 cm 147 Indonesian red grape Botryocladia leptopoda Easy 148 Moderate 148 Moderate 148 This popular species of algae has been available in the aquarium trade for a long time It branches upward as it grows and forms dense fronds under high lighting 148 6 in 15 2 cm 148 Red grape kelp nbsp Botryocladia occidentalis Easy 149 Moderate 149 Low 150 Low Moderate 150 Grows rather quickly for a species of red macroalgae and may attach both to sand and hard surfaces though it is unlikely to become invasive Since it prefers low lighting it is not ideal for refugiums and is rarely available It may be sold as Red grape caulerpa despite not belonging in the Caulerpa genus It also keeps itself upright with pneumatocysts 149 150 5 in 12 7 cm 149 Red Valonia Botryocladia skottsbergii Fast 151 Low 151 Yes 6 Unlike desirable species of Botryocladia undesirable species do not feature calcified branches The development of spots indicates the algae is ready for sexual reproduction and it is likely that popping its bladders releases spores Aggressive manual removal and clean up crew like Mithrax crabs and rabbitfish can be used to combat this algae 6 151 0 5 in 1 3 cm 151 Red bubble algae Botryocladia pyriformis Yes 6 Unlike desirable species of Botryocladia undesirable species do not feature calcified branches Aggressive manual removal and clean up crew like Mithrax crabs and rabbitfish can be used to combat this algae 6 Flame algae nbsp Bryothamnion sp Moderate 152 Good 153 Low High 152 Characterized by a striking red coloration which darkens under higher lighting The algae features spiky calcified branches which extend in all directions and can easily be trimmed to create new individuals It is best suited for display aquariums and must be attached to hard surfaces using glue or rubber bands as it cannot do so on its own 152 153 12 in 30 5 cm 152 Red razor nbsp Bryothamnion triquetrum Easy 154 Moderate 154 Poor 154 Moderate 154 Moderate High 154 No 154 Depending on lighting Red razor may sport either a bright or deep red coloration In the wild the stiff serrated algae grows in shaded environments with strong current It is a great addition to a Seahorse tank as its stipes may serve as hitching posts However it must be attached to hard surfaces using glue or rubber bands as it cannot do so on its own 154 155 8 in 20 3 cm 154 Cotton candy algae nbsp nbsp Callithamnion sp Fast 156 Yes 157 Also known as red turf alga Cotton candy algae ranges in shape from irregular tufts to branches and ranges in coloration from pink to red Stiffer filaments develop under stronger current If left unchecked this algae can smother rockwork equipment and corals and is difficult to eradicate Manual removal water quality improvement and removal of detritus can be used to combat this algae Herbivores like rabbitfish and Mexican turbo snails and competition from other algae can also be employed against cotton candy algae 156 157 4 in 10 2 cm 158 Red Chaeto nbsp nbsp Caulacanthus ustulatus Unfortunately this is an invasive species in the home aquarium and is unsuitable for reef systems and refugiums Its prickly thallus is fragile and easily breaks up into fragments that can develop into new individuals once they settle 159 1 in 2 5 cm 160 Bird Nest nbsp Chondria sp Easy 161 Moderate 161 Good 161 Moderate High 161 Moderate High 161 Not really 161 Is a genus of highly variable depending on the species shallow water turf algae that often enters aquariums on live rock and coral frags Though it is attractive and typically remains small it can quickly overgrow a system s rockwork The algae features fine compact fronds which are somewhat iridescent and translucent Manual removal is fairly easy 6 161 12 in 30 5 cm 161 Iridescent Cartilage Weed nbsp Chondria coerulescens Moderate High 162 This algae inhabits very shallow water in areas sheltered from waves It is rare in the aquarium trade and displays blue coloration under high lighting Otherwise it will appear reddish to purplish 162 Coralline algae nbsp nbsp nbsp Corallinales sp Moderate 163 Slow 163 None 163 Moderate High 163 Moderate High 163 No 163 This order of red calcified macroalgae is highly variable taking on both geniculate branching and nongeniculate encrusting and plating forms as well as a variety of colors generally ranging from purple to pink It often makes its way into aquariums through the introduction of live rock or wild caught snails and hermit crabs where they are highly desirable as a result of their attractive appearance and ability to outcompete nuisance algae for space However since Coralline algae readily attaches itself to hard surfaces it can become problematic when it grows on glass and aquarium equipment as it is hard to remove due to its carbonate skeleton 164 165 166 10 in 25 4 cm 163 Red ribbon nbsp Cryptonemia crenulata Easy 167 Slow 167 Poor 167 Low Moderate 168 Moderate 167 No 167 This large hardy macroalgae is incredibly rare in the aquarium hobby though it is highly sought after It features long stiff deep red blades from which new individuals and leaflets are budded In the wild it often attaches its holdfast to the bases of sessile invertebrates such as gorgonians sponges and tunicates 167 168 169 24 in 61 0 cm 170 Chenille algae nbsp Dasya sp Expert 171 Slow 171 Fair 171 Moderate High 171 Moderate High 171 Not really 171 This algae is found in both tropical and temperate waters worldwide though is most often collected from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico It features limp fleshy branches coated in filaments and attaches itself to hard surfaces with a single holdfast Due it its preference for lower water temperatures it may not be suitable for most marine planted aquariums 171 10 in 25 4 cm 171 Red seabroom nbsp Digenea simplex This red mat like algae serves as habitat for a great diversity of microinvertebrates and is coated in fuzzy filaments 13 4 in 10 2 cm 172 Red star burst macroalgae nbsp Eucheuma denticulatum Expert 173 Slow 174 Moderate High 175 Moderate 175 An incredibly difficult species of macroalgae to care for as it demands very stable lower temperature environments and struggles to survive in small aquarium systems It has a rubbery composition comes in yellow orange and red colorations and is made up of spiny branches and branchlets Once known as Eucheuma spinosum 173 175 176 12 in 30 5 cm 176 Tubular thicket nbsp Galaxaura sp Expert 177 Slow 177 Fair 177 High 177 Moderate High 177 No 177 This algae is heavily calcified and attaches itself to hard surfaces It grows branches with flattened ends and is reddish to purplish in coloration depending on the species Most enter aquariums on live rock and require calcium supplementation in addition to intense lighting as they originate from shallow water Also known as Pom pom algae 177 8 in 20 3 cm 177 Pink galaxy nbsp nbsp Galaxaura rugosa Easy 178 Moderate 178 Low High 178 Low High 178 Yes 178 Under low light or shade this algae will appear pinkish Brighter lighting will make it take on a reddish coloration The algae has no waterflow preferences and grows in the shape of a dome breaking its branches will distort the dome shape it grows into 178 Over 4 in 10 2 cm 178 Indonesian red feather Gelidiaceae sp Easy 179 Slow 179 Moderate 179 Moderate 179 Somewhat 179 This algae also known as Red grass plant has been available in the aquarium trade for a long time Since it originates from deep water it remains easy to care for even without strong lighting The algae radiates outward as it grows and will form dense fronds under good water quality and moderate lighting 179 5 in 12 7 cm 179 Red wiry turf algae nbsp nbsp Gelidium sp Easy 180 Slow 180 Good 180 Moderate High 180 Moderate High 180 Not really 180 This fan shaped algae ranges from yellow to red in coloration It attaches itself to hard surfaces with a single holdfast or may drift tangled with other species The algae is rarely available often being sold as Gracilaria and is difficult to remove from rockwork Also known as Red turf algae Red wiry algae Fern algae and Brush algae 180 6 10 in 25 4 cm 180 Purple Fauchea nbsp Gloiocladia sp Easy 181 Slow 181 Poor 181 Moderate High 181 Moderate High 181 Somewhat 181 A rare algae that occurs naturally as solitary individuals in depths upwards of 20 ft It features serrated or rounded fronds with a metallic iridescence on its dorsal side and a reddish coloration on its ventral side higher intensity lighting will make the algae more violet It is best attached to rockwork with superglue Smaller herbivores have difficulty consuming its thick thallus 181 182 4 in 10 2 cm 182 Arcuate ogo Gracilaria arcuata Easy 183 Slow 183 Moderate 183 Moderate 183 Somewhat to some fish 183 This algae grows on shallow reefs and depending on the environment displays different colors blackish with strong lighting bright red with soft lighting Due to its durability and slow growth rate it is suitable for many different varieties of marine aquariums 183 4 in 10 2 cm 184 Red ogo Gracilaria cervicornis Yes 185 This species of red macroalgae can be found in a wide array of different colors and is a preferred food of tangs and angelfish 185 Red bush ogo nbsp Gracilaria curtissiae Easy 186 Slow 186 Fair 186 Moderate High 186 Moderate High 186 Yes 186 Being a slow grower Red bush ogo may take several weeks to develop a holdfast and is best attached to rockwork with superglue or by tucking it into a crevice Individuals grow to form symmetrical bushes and develop darker coloration under lower intensity light The algae is naturally found the intertidal zone Also known as Red macroalgae and Ruby red algae 186 187 18 in 45 7 cm 187 Pom pom nbsp Gracilaria hayi Easy 188 Slow 188 Fair 188 Moderate 188 Moderate High 188 Not really 188 This flame like algae grows in the shape of a symmetrical dense bush and may either attach to rocks with a holdfast or float freely It is quite undemanding tolerating a variety of conditions though it is slightly calcified and may require calcium supplementation Lower light levels will bring out the algae s most desirable deep crimson red coloration more light will result in duller coloration 188 189 24 in 61 0 cm 190 Red mat algae Gracilaria mammillaris Easy 191 Moderate 191 Fair 191 Moderate 191 Moderate High 191 Somewhat 191 This hardy algae grows reasonable quickly rapidly attaching itself to substrate and other algae with its tendrils and thus requires pruning Individuals grow to form sheet like plates that provide cover for copepods and rotifers and develop darker coloration under lower intensity light It is also very rare in the marine aquarium trade 191 192 193 6 in 15 2 cm 194 Long ogo nbsp nbsp Gracilaria parvispora Easy 195 Moderate 195 Good 195 Moderate High 195 Moderate High 195 Not really 195 This algae is characterized by long cylindrical fronds and a single holdfast The coloration of an individual depends on the depth it was collected from ranging from bright red to yellow or green It is the most popular and one of the fastest growing of the red Gracilaria species in the aquarium trade and is hardy under a variety of conditions It is also widely used in refugiums and can be harvested as an excellent food source for a variety of herbivorous organisms Seahorses will readily use its thallus as a hitching post Also known as Birds nest and Red ogo 195 196 10 in 25 4 cm 195 Graceful redweed nbsp Gracilaria tikvahiae Easy 195 Moderate 195 Good 195 Moderate High 195 Moderate 195 Yes 195 This algae is highly variable depending on the environment Under higher waterflow it grows compact flattened blades as opposed to long cylindrical blades and may also take on red brown and green colorations Individual Graceful redweed can be found attached to hard surfaces or free floating and may be tumbled in refugiums It is also an excellent food source for many herbivores 195 16 in 40 6 cm 195 Dragon s tongue nbsp Halymenia dilatata Easy 197 Slow Fast 197 198 Good 198 Low Moderate 197 Moderate High 197 Yes 197 A stunning easily recognizable species characterized by fiery serrated fronds Depending on its environment it will either grow in a compact form or extend and become flowy in nature In the wild it is found in subtidal reef associated regions of the Western Atlantic Ocean It is also relished by large herbivores and can be kept in a refugium 197 198 Over 18 in 45 7 cm 198 Dragons breath nbsp Halymenia duchassaingii Expert 199 Shares its common name with Halymenia durvillei It is an attractive algae species naturally found in reef associated areas on hard surfaces In the captivity its delicate nature makes it difficult to care for and it is rarely seen in the aquarium trade 199 3 in 7 6 cm 200 Dragon s breath nbsp Halymenia durvillei Easy 201 Moderate 201 Good 201 Moderate High 201 Moderate High 201 Yes 201 This reddish algae has a soft composition though more rigid and thicker than those of other members of its genus with tips that will fluoresce a vibrant orange to yellow under moderately strong actinic lighting It is highly popular though it is often confused with other species such as Halymenia dilatata and Gracilaria hayi The algae grows in cycles and must be regularly split to be preserved 201 202 203 14 in 35 6 cm 204 Red finger nbsp Halymenia elongata Moderate 205 Moderate 205 Good 205 Moderate High 205 Moderate High 205 Yes 205 This algae possesses a gelatinous composition and a yellow to pink coloration It forms tube like blades anchored by a single holdfast Though it is rarely sold in the hobby it often enters aquariums on live rock from the Gulf of Mexico and through spores 205 12 in 30 5 cm 205 Flagweed nbsp Halymenia floresii Moderate 206 Slow 206 Good 206 Low Moderate 206 Moderate High 206 Yes 206 This sktriking popular highly palatable and easily obtained species of Halymenia like others belonging in its genus is very delicate and possesses a smooth gelatinous texture It should be manually anchored or allowed to float freely as it rarely forms a holdfast Other names for this algae include Red sea lettuce and Dragon s tongue 206 20 in 50 8 cm 206 Red sea lettuce nbsp Halymenia floridana Easy 207 Moderate 207 Good 207 Low Moderate 207 Moderate High 207 Yes 207 Depending on depth this algae may take on a red to yellow coloration Like others of its genus it is very delicate and possesses a smooth gelatinous texture It is also compact and features rounded and irregular blades like Sea lettuce It should be manually anchored or allowed to float freely as it rarely forms a holdfast 207 18 in 45 7 cm 207 Leafy sphere ogo Halymenia maculata Easy 208 Slow 208 Fair 208 Moderate High 208 Moderate High 208 Yes 208 This popular and vibrant species features stiff blotchy purplish light red to deep red blades based on lighting conditions however it will turn grey under excessively high intensity light Additionally it is highly palatable to larger herbivorous fish and makes for a good refugium addition In the wild it is found in subtidal reef associated regions of the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans Also known as Leafy ogo 208 209 7 in 17 8 cm 209 Flamingo feather algae Heterosiphonia gibbesii Difficult 210 Fair 210 High 211 High 210 Yes 210 As this algae is difficult to keep alive it should only be attempted by experienced aquarists It possesses a delicate complex of branches which may feature red pink brown or yellow coloration It also prefers cooler water temperatures between 72 F 22 2 C and 78 F 25 6 C Since it is palatable it should be kept away from most herbivores 210 211 8 in 20 3 cm 210 Rusty rock nbsp Hildenbrandia rubra Easy 13 Low 13 It is a pinkish calcareous algae that encrusts solid surfaces and has minimal requirements Once known as Hildenbrandia prototypus 13 212 8 in 20 3 cm 213 Encrusting red algae nbsp nbsp Hydrolithon sp Moderate 163 Slow 163 None 163 Moderate High 163 Moderate High 163 No 163 This calcified genus of Coralline algae encrusts shallow water rocks helping to build reefs by cementing dead coral together It is pink purplish in coloration and features irregular knobs Fragments of the algae may be placed in aquariums to kickstart the growth of Coralline algae 163 10 in 25 4 cm 163 Tattered sea moss nbsp Hypnea pannosa Moderate 214 Moderate 214 Moderate High 215 Moderate 214 Also known as Blue hypnea this algae takes on red green and purple colorations though blue individuals are the most highly sought after It grows in bushy clusters much like Ochtodes which it is sometimes confused with Despite not being ideal for nutrient export in aquaria it remains popular for its coloration and iridescence which may be enhanced under blue lighting 214 216 8 in 20 3 cm 214 Pink segmented algae nbsp Jania sp Easy 217 Moderate 217 Moderate 217 This is a Coralline algae composed of calcified red to pink branches with white joints It is naturally found in shady sheltered areas 217 6 in 15 2 cm mound 217 Red fern nbsp nbsp Jania sp Easy 218 Moderate 218 Fair 218 Moderate High 218 Moderate 218 Somewhat 218 This popular genus of macroalgae grows calcified branches with fern shaped blades and has a red or pink coloration It can be found growing on live rock and some species are epiphytic and grow on other algae Most species in this genus are temperate water species yet they can tolerate warmer temperatures Also known as Smooth kelp and was once known as Haliptilon 218 219 8 in 20 3 cm 218 Slender beaded coral weed nbsp Jania rubens Easy 220 High 218 Not really 220 In nature this hardy species is found in shallow water often as an epiphyte on other algae It features lightly calcified maroon branches which require adequate flow to be maintained 220 6 in 15 2 cm 221 Filamentous red alga Kapraunia schneideri This is a seasonal species and is naturally found attached to hard surfaces in winter 13 Purple bush algae nbsp nbsp Laurencia sp Easy 222 Moderate 222 Good 222 Moderate 222 Moderate 222 Yes 222 This genus of undemanding algae is highly variable and it may be difficult to differentiate between its species Typically they are bright red lower light will bring out a deeper red with short stiff cylindrical branches It is found on hard bottoms of shallow water environments such as reef flats and seagrass meadows often as an epiphyte It is also highly palatable 222 8 in 20 3 cm 222 Spaghetti weed nbsp nbsp Liagora sp Expert 223 Slow 223 Fair 223 Moderate High 223 Moderate High 223 Not really 223 This compact algae has a gelatinous composition and is moderately calcified It is rare in the hobby due to its delicate nature and little is known about its care though spores of the algae often enter aquariums through Pacific and Indonesian live rock The algae features a pale pink to deep purple coloration 223 10 in 25 4 cm 223 Plate coral weed nbsp nbsp Lithophyllum sp Moderate 224 Slow 224 None 224 Moderate High 224 Moderate High 224 No 224 This calcified genus of Coralline algae encrusts hard surfaces helping to build reefs by cementing dead coral together It is pink in coloration and grows plate like projections often with white edges If it has not already been introduced on live rock fragments of the algae may be placed in an aquarium The algae also requires calcium supplementation 224 8 in 20 3 cm 224 Red air dancer nbsp Nemastoma sp Moderate 225 Moderate 225 Good 225 Moderate High 225 Moderate High 225 Yes 225 Very similar to Halymenia elongata and may also be called Red finger though this rare algae is more compact Its gelatinous branches are filled with fluid helping to orient the algae upright Often the tips of these branches are colored orange or white The algae most often enters aquariums on live rock and can be grown under lower light levels 225 6 in 15 2 cm 225 Blue ball nbsp Ochtodes sp Moderate 226 Moderate 226 Good 226 Moderate High 226 Moderate 226 Somewhat 226 This highly adaptable algae is one of only a few with purple blue coloration in the aquarium trade and is incredible popular Usually it grows in spurts alternating between overgrowing its environment and dying back within the course of several weeks In the wild the algae grows on hard surfaces or as an epiphyte in shallow water 226 227 6 in 15 2 cm 226 Burgundy crust algae nbsp nbsp Peyssonnelia sp Low 228 Moderate 228 This algae resembles Coralline algae with edges that resemble peeling paint It grows by encrusting 228 Laver nbsp nbsp Porphyra sp In the wild this translucent purplish algae can be found floating freely or attached to solid surfaces with a small yet incredibly strong holdfast As it resides in the intertidal zone it is well adapted to becoming dehydrated as the tide recedes Also known as Nori Red nori and Purple laver and is edible to humans 229 13 12 in 30 5 cm 229 Red feather nbsp Portieria sp Good 230 Moderate 231 This lesser known algae is quite attractive growing flat branches covered in segmented branchlets Depending on its environment the algae will take on a yellow orange or red coloration deep red under aquarium lighting It is also highly variable in terms of its size and composition 230 231 8 in 20 3 cm 231 Silk skin Pugetia japonica Moderate 232 Low Moderate 232 Yes 232 Silk skin grows in deeper regions of the intertidal zone and is best viewed under lighting with red and blue wavelength lamps The algae grows as a single cloth like frond which does not branch finely and should be handled with care due to its delicate nature Once known as Callophyllis okamurae 232 233 12 in 30 5 cm 232 Red bone grass nbsp Rhodopeltis sp Easy 234 Slow 234 Poor 234 Moderate High 234 Moderate High 234 Somewhat 234 A stiff algae that provides good cover for smaller animals and is ideally attached to rockwork with superglue Seahorses will readily use its thallus as a hitching post It is difficult for small herbivorous fish to consume though it may be fall prey to tangs New growth is white in coloration 234 5 in 12 7 cm 234 Red finger algae Scinaia complanata Moderate Expert 235 Moderate 235 Moderate High 235 Low Moderate 235 Yes 235 This challenging species demands stable water parameters and should not be excessively handled due to its fragility It grows in red to pink gelatinous clumps If the algae is in poor health this may indicate that it requires iodine supplementation Crabs and tangs readily consume this algae Also known as red leaf macro algae 235 236 5 in 12 7 cm 235 Moniliform sea moss Scinaia hormoides Yes 237 This species grows in clumps and is favored by tangs 237 3 in 7 6 cm 238 Red bamboo algae nbsp Solieria sp Easy 239 Moderate 239 Fair 239 Moderate High 240 Moderate 239 Somewhat 239 This is a unique uncommon algae with fleshy cane like fronds that split into new fronds at their ends It is difficult for small herbivorous fish to consume though it may be fall prey to tangs While it can secure itself to rocks and coarse substrates with its holdfasts it is ideally attached to rockwork with superglue 239 240 12 in 30 5 cm 239 Ribbon algae Tricholgloea sp Expert 241 Slow 241 Fair 241 Moderate High 241 Moderate 241 No 241 This algae possesses a gelatinous composition and flat branches with white ribs Some species are mildly calcified and they range from red to purple in coloration It is naturally solitary being found on hard bottoms in pristine environments It is also incredibly rare in the aquarium hobby and is difficult to care for 241 10 in 25 4 cm 241 Mangroves edit nbsp Red mangroveMost mangroves that end up in the aquarium trade are either collected as seeds or grown on land 242 Their leaves should be exposed to the air well beyond the surface of the water and be sprayed with freshwater regularly to prevent salt buildup They also require intense lighting and a layer of substrate not too shallow as to let the tree topple over and not too fine which would make parts of the sandbed to go anaerobic 243 Common name Image Taxonomy Care Level Growth rate Description Max sizeBlack mangrove nbsp Cayos Mangrove02 Avicennia germinans Moderate Slow 70 Red mangrove nbsp Rhizophora mangle Easy Slow 80 White mangrove nbsp Laguncularia racemosa Expert Slow 60 Seagrass edit nbsp Common eelgrassTurtle grass Thalassia hemprichii and Thalassia testudinum Manatee grass Syringodium filiformeSee also editList of freshwater aquarium plant species List of brackish aquarium plant species List of marine aquarium fish species List of marine aquarium invertebrate species Marine aquarium Reef aquariumReferences edit BROWN MACROALGAE PHAEOPHYTA 1 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 2 a b Dictoya cervicornis 3 In Gulf Coast Ecosystems 4 a b c d e f g h i j k l m DICTOYA SP 5 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 6 a b Canistrocarpus cervicornis Kutzing De Paula amp De Clerck 2006 7 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 8 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o CYSTOSEIRA SP 9 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 10 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Nuisance Algae ID Guide 11 In Reef Cleaners 12 a b c d e f g h LOBOPHORA SP 13 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 14 Lobophora 15 In Melev s Reef 16 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o PADINA SP 17 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 18 a b Peacock alga Padina sanctae crucis 19 In Marine Species Identification Portal 20 Polycladia myrica S G Gmelin Draima Ballesteros F Rousseau amp T Thibaut 2010 21 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 22 a b Sargassum filipendula Sargassum weed 23 In Reeflex 24 a b c d e f g h i j k l Marine Algae 25 In Gulf Specimen Marine Lab Home 26 Sargassum filipendula C Agardh 1824 27 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 28 a b c d e f g h SARGASSUM HYSTRIX VAR BUXIFOLIUM 29 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 30 a b c d e f g h SARGASSUM PLATYCARPUM 31 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 32 a b Stypopodium zonale on Scleractinia Kelp 33 In Quality Marine 34 Luning Klaus 1990 Seaweeds Their Environment Biogeography and Ecophysiology Wiley Interscience Stypopodium zonale J V Lamouroux Papenfuss 1940 35 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 36 a b c d e f g h TURBINARIA SP 37 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 38 GREEN MACROALGAE CHLOROPHYTA 39 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 40 MACRO ALGAE EVER WANTED A PLANTED SALTWATER AQUARIUM 41 In Reef Aquarium 42 a b c d e f g h ACETABULARIA SP 43 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 44 a b c d e f g h ANADYOMENE SP 45 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 46 Alderton David 2008 Encyclopedia of Aquarium and Pond Fish London England U K DK a b c d e f Saltwater fish Seaweed Nagamizutama 1 Hokkaido Kyushu Okinawa Airmail Insulation required 47 In Rakuten Ichiba 48 a b c d e f Saltwater fish Seaweed Mizutama 1 Hokkaido Kyushu Okinawa Airmail Insulation required 49 In Rakuten Ichiba 50 a b c d e f g Live Frag Bryopsis Marine Macro Algae Plant Refugium Saltwater 51 In eBay 52 a b c d Bryopsis 53 In Livealgae UK 54 a b c d Bryopsis 55 In Melev s Reef 56 Bryopsis pennata 57 In Marine Algae of Hawai i 58 W A Nelson 2013 New Zealand seaweeds an illustrated guide Wellington New Zealand Te Papa Press p 20 ISBN 9780987668813 OCLC 841897290 a b c d e f g h i CAULERPA ASHMEADII 59 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 60 a b c d e f g Caulerpa Brachypus 61 In Livealgae UK 62 Caulerpa brachypus 63 In Saltcorner 64 Clean Caulerpa brachypus Macroalgae Refugium Reef Saltwater Sump Coral Aquarium 65 In eBay 66 Caulerpa brachypus Harvey 1860 67 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 68 a b c d e f g CAULERPA RACEMOSA VAR PELTATA 69 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 70 Caulerpa peltata 71 In Saltcorner 72 Caulerpa peltata J V Lamouroux 1809 73 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 74 a b c d e f g h CAULERPA CUPRESSOIDES 75 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 76 Saltwater fish Seaweed Byakushinzuta Rockless 1 bunch Hokkaido Air Mail Insulation required 77 In Rakuten Ichiba 78 Cactus Caulerpa 79 In Reef Cleaners 80 a b c d e f g h CAULERPA RACEMOSA VAR CYLINDRACEA 81 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 82 a b c d Cladophora prolifera 83 In Saltcorner 84 a b c Caulerpa floridana 85 In Saltcorner 86 a b c Growing Caulerpa Macro Algae in Marine Aquariums amp Refugiums 87 In YouTube 88 a b c d Saltwater fish Seaweed Live food Umi budo mix Gram sale 50g Hokkaido Kyushu Okinawa Airmail Insulation required 89 In Rakuten Ichiba 90 Caulerpa lentillifera Small seagrape fisheries aquaculture 91 In SeaLifeBase 92 a b c d e f g h CAULERPA MEXICANA 93 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 94 Caulerpa nummularia 95 In Melev s Reef 96 Caulerpa nummularia 97 In USEFUL MARINE PLANTS OF THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION COUNTRIES 98 a b c d e f g h CAULERPA PASPALOIDES 99 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 100 a b c d e f g h CAULERPA PROLIFERA 101 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 102 Caulerpa Prolifera 103 In Reef Cleaners 104 a b c d e f g h CAULERPA RACEMOSA 105 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 106 a b c d e f g h CAULERPA SERRULATA 107 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 108 Saltwater fish Seaweed Yorezuta 1 bunch Hokkaido Air Mail Insulation required 109 In Rakuten Ichiba 110 a b c d e f g h CAULERPA SERTULARIODES 111 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 112 a b c d e f g h CAULERPA TAXIFOLIA 113 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 114 Saltwater fish Seaweed Okinawan Ichiizuta 1 bunch Hokkaido Air Mail Insulation required 115 In Rakuten Ichiba 116 a b Caulerpa verticillata Algae 117 In Reeflex 118 a b c Fuzzy Caulerpa 119 In Reef Cleaners 120 Caulerpa verticillata Macro Algae Nano Reef Community 121 In Nano Reef Community 122 a b c d e f g h CHAETOMORPHA SP 123 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 124 Chaeto for Major Tank Cleaning 125 In AlgaeBarn 126 Chaetomorpha Strains are Much More Different Than We Ever Knew 127 In Reef Builders The Reef and Saltwater Aquarium Blog 128 a b c d e f Chaetomorpha aerea 129 In Saltcorner 130 a b Aquacultured Chaetomorpha Crassa Green 131 In Gulfstream Tropical Aquarium 132 a b c d e f g h Chaetomorpha Chaeto Linum Thick 133 In Livealgae UK 134 a b 3 Reasons your CHAETO is DYING How To Grow Chaetomorpha in a Sump Refugium 135 In YouTube 136 a b c d e Chaetomorpha spiralis Curly Chaeto 137 In Aquaculture Aquariums 138 Green Saltwater Macro Algae Plant Chaetomorpha aka Chaeto Chaetomorpha spiralis MEDIUM Excellent for Nutrient Control in an Aquarium 139 In AquariumDepot 140 Chaetomorpha spiralis 141 In A Community for Naturalists iNaturalist 142 Cladophora coelothrix Kutzing 1843 143 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 144 a b c d Cladophora Prolifera 145 In Livealgae UK 146 Cladophora prolifera 147 In Gulf Coast Ecosystems 148 Toadstool Algae 149 In Welcome to KPAquatics KP Aquatics 150 Cladophora prolifera Roth Kutzing 1843 151 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 152 Yoshii s 10 gallon gorgonian and macro algae biotope 153 In Nano Reef Community 154 a b c d e f g h CHLORODESMIS SP 155 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 156 Maiden s Hair Plant 157 In LiveAquaria Official Fish Aquarium Fish Corals amp More 158 Chlorodesmis Sp 159 In Livealgae UK 160 a b c d e f g h CODIUM SP 161 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 162 Codium green seaweed 163 In Wild Singapore 164 Codium 165 In Livealgae UK 166 a b c d e f g Deadmans Fingers Plant Codium decorticatum 167 In Aquarium Creations Online 168 a b c d e f g h CYMOPOLIA BARBATA 169 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 170 Tufted Joint Algae 171 In LiveAquaria Official Fish Aquarium Fish Corals amp More 172 a b c d e Saltwater fish Seaweed Usugasane with stone 1 Hokkaido Kyushu Okinawa Airmail Insulation required 173 In Rakuten Ichiba 174 a b c Do Algae Scrubbers Outperform Reactors and Refugiums Yes Says Bryan of Santa Monica Filtration See Positive Results In 1 3 Weeks 175 In Bulk Reef Supply 176 a b c Dictyosphaeria cavernosa 177 In Saltcorner 178 a b Dictyosphaeria cavernosa 179 In Marine Algae of Hawai i 180 a b c d e Saltwater fish Seaweed Isosugina with stone 1 Hokkaido Kyushu Okinawa Airmail Insulation required 181 In Rakuten Ichiba 182 a b c d e f g h HALIMEDA DISCOIDEA 183 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 184 Halimeda discoidea 185 In Saltcorner 186 Halimeda discoidea 187 In Keoki Stender s Flora amp Fauna ID Site 188 a b c d e f g h HALIMEDA INCRASSATA 189 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 190 Halimeda incrassata 191 In Saltcorner 192 a b c d e Halimeda Monile Incrassata 193 In Reef Cleaners 194 TWAInverts1 195 In WetWebMedia 196 a b c d e f g h HALIMEDA OPUNTIA 197 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 198 Halimeda opuntia 199 In Saltcorner 200 Carpeting Halimeda 201 In Reef Cleaners 202 Halimeda opuntia watercress alga 203 In Wildflower Search 204 a b c d e f Halimeda Money Plant 205 In Reef Cleaners 206 Halimeda tuna 207 In Saltcorner 208 a b c d e f g h NEOMERIS ANNULATA 209 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 210 Saltwater fish Seaweed Fudenoho with stone S size 1 Hokkaido Kyushu Okinawa Airmail Insulation required 211 In Rakuten Ichiba 212 Neomeris Annulata 213 In Livealgae UK 214 a b c d e f g h PENICILLUS CAPITATUS 215 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 216 a b c d e f g h PENICILLUS DUMETOSUS 217 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 218 a b c d e f g h PENICILLUS PYRIFORMIS 219 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 220 a b c d e f g h RHIPOCEPHALUS PHOENIX 221 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 222 a b c d e f g h UDOTEA FLABELLUM 223 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 224 a b c d e f Saltwater fish Seaweed Hagoromo 1 Hokkaido Kyushu Okinawa Airmail Insulation required 225 In Rakuten Ichiba 226 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n ENTEROMORPHA SP 227 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 228 Enteromorpha Link 1820 229 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 230 a b c d e f g h ULVA SP 231 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 232 a b c How to keep ULVA macroalgae ULTIMATE Nitrate amp Phosphate Refugium Algae Better Than CHAETO 233 In YouTube 234 Enteromorpha flexuosa Wulfen J Agardh 1883 235 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 236 Ulva flexuosa Wulfen 1803 237 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 238 Grass Lettuce 239 In Rusalty 240 a b Gut weed Ulva intestinalis 241 In MarLIN The Marine Life Information Network 242 Live Frag Stringy Ulva Intestinalis Sea Lettuce Marine Macro Algae Plant PICK A SIZE 243 In Addictive Reef Keeping Quality Products Quality Livestock 244 a b c d e f g Ulva Lactuca 245 In Livealgae UK 246 Sea Lettuce Ulva lactuca 247 In URI EDC 248 a b c d e f g h VALONIA SP 249 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 250 Valonia 251 In Melev s Reef 252 RED MACROALGAE RHODOPHYTA 253 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 254 a b c d e f g h ANCANTHOPHORA SPICIFERA 255 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 256 Acanthophora spicifera Spiny Algae 257 In Reef Cleaners 258 a b Green Agardhiella 259 In Reef Cleaners 260 a b Agardhiella 261 In Oceans Reefs amp Aquariums ORA 262 Agardhiella F Schmitz 1897 263 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 264 Agardhiella tenera J Agardh F Schmitz 1897 265 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 266 Agardhiella subulata C Agardh Kraft amp M J Wynne 1979 267 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 268 a b c d e f g h Gracilaria Vermiculophylla 269 In Livealgae UK 270 Gracilaria vermiculophylla Ohmi Papenfuss 1967 271 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 272 Agarophyton vermiculophyllum Worm or Black Wart Weed 273 In A P H O T O Wildlife Image Libraries 274 a b c d e f g h ASPARAGOPSIS TAXIFORMIS 275 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 276 a b c d e f g h BOTRYOCLADIA SP 277 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 278 Botryocladia Red Grape 279 In Livealgae UK 280 a b c d e Botryocladia Botryoides Red Grape Macroalgae 281 In PLANTED REEF 282 a b Red Grape Caulerpa 283 In Salty Bottom Reef Company 284 Botryocladia Red Grape Marine Macro Algae 285 In YouTube 286 Botryocladia botryoides Wulfen Feldmann 1941 287 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 288 a b c d e Saltwater fish Seaweed Indonesian Red Grape Plants 1 Hokkaido Air Mail Insulation required 289 In Rakuten Ichiba 290 a b c d Botryocladia Red Grape 291 In Reef Cleaners 292 a b c Red Grape Kelp Botryocladia Occidentalis 293 In LowTideCorals 294 a b c d Botryocladia skottsbergii 295 In Saltcorner 296 a b c d Flame Algae 297 In Reef Cleaners 298 a b BRYOTHAMNION 299 In Pacific East Aquaculture 300 a b c d e f g h Bryothamnion Triquetrum 301 In Livealgae UK 302 Bryothamnion triquetrum 303 In Gulf Coast Ecosystems 304 a b Patience by Sandra Shoup 305 In Reefkeeping Blog 306 a b Cotton Candy Algae 307 In Salty Underground 308 Callithamnion 309 In PhycoKey 310 Caulacanthus ustulatus 311 In Melev s Reef 312 Caulacanthus ustulatus 313 In Seaweeds of the South African South Coast 314 a b c d e f g h CHONDRIA SP 315 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 316 a b Chondria Coerulescens Blue Algae Frag 1 317 In Addictive Reef Keeping Quality Products Quality Livestock 318 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o HYDROLITHON SP 319 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 320 CORALLINE ALGAE THE ULTIMATE GUIDE 321 In ARC Reef Atlantic Reef Conservation 322 Coralline 323 In Reef Cleaners Clean up Crews and Macroalgae 324 Coralline Algae What Is It and Why Is It Important in Reef Tanks 325 In Reefs com Saltwater Aquarium Blog Marine Aquarium Blog 326 a b c d e f Cryptonemia Crenulata 327 In Livealgae UK 328 a b Cryptonemia crenulata Macroalgae 329 In PLANTED REEF 330 Cryptonemia Crenulata 331 In Gulf Coast Ecosystems 332 Cryptonemia crenulata J Agardh J Agardh 1851 333 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 334 a b c d e f g h DASYA SP 335 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 336 Digenea simplex Wulfen C Agardh 1822 337 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 338 a b Euchema spinosum 339 In Gulf Coast Ecosystems 340 EUCHEMA SPINOSUM 341 In Pacific East Aquaculture 342 a b c Eucheuma Spinosum macro care What to expect 343 In Nano Reef Community 344 a b Eucheuma denticulatum N L Burman Collins amp Hervey 1917 345 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 346 a b c d e f g h GALAXAURA SP 347 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 348 a b c d e f g Pink Galaxy 349 In Reef Cleaners 350 a b c d e f g Saltwater fish Seaweed Indonesian Red Feather 1 Hokkaido Kyushu Okinawa Airmail Insulation required 351 In Rakuten Ichiba 352 a b c d e f g h GELIDIUM SP 353 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 354 a b c d e f g Fauchea Sp 355 In Livealgae UK 356 a b Fauchea Sp 357 In Gulf Coast Ecosystems 358 a b c d e f Saltwater fish Seaweed Yumigata Ogonori 1 Hokkaido Kyushu Okinawa Airmail Insulation required 359 In Rakuten Ichiba 360 Gracilaria arcuata Arcuate gracilaria fisheries 361 In SeaLifeBase 362 a b Red Gracilaria 363 In Gulf Coast Ecosystems 364 a b c d e f g Gracilaria Curtissae 365 In Livealgae UK 366 a b Gracilaria curtissae 367 In Saltcorner 368 a b c d e f g GRACILARIA HAYI 369 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 370 Tigahboy s Macroalgae Tank s 371 In Reef2Reef 372 Gracilaria hayi Gurgel Fredericq amp J N Norris 2004 373 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 374 a b c d e f g Gracilaria Mammillaris 375 In Livealgae UK 376 Red Mat Algae Gracilaria Lauris 377 In LowTide Corals 378 Gracilaria Mammillaris Macroalgae 379 In PLANTED REEF 380 Schneider Craig 1975 11 01 Taxonomic Notes on Gracilaria mammillaris Mont Howe and Gracilaria Veleroae Dawson Rhodophyta Gigartinales Taxon 24 643 646 doi 10 2307 1220737 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p GRACILARIA PARVISIPORA 381 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 382 Gracilaria Parvispora 383 In Livealgae UK 384 a b c d e f Dragon s Tongue Algae 385 In LiveAquaria Official Fish Aquarium Fish Corals amp More 386 a b c d DRAGON S TONGUE 387 In AlgaeBarn 388 a b Halymenia duchassaignii 389 In Saltcorner 390 Halymenia duchassaingii J Agardh Kylin 1932 391 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 392 a b c d e f g Halymenia Durvillei Dragons Breath 393 In Livealgae UK 394 Live Dragon s Breath Fire Macro Algae Plant Frag Refugium Coral Reef Saltwater 395 In eBay 396 Halymenia durvillei Dragons Breath 397 In Gulf Coast Ecosystems 398 Halymenia durvillei Bory de Saint Vincent 1828 399 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 400 a b c d e f g h HALYMENIA ELONGATA 401 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 402 a b c d e f g h HALYMENIA FLORESIA 403 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 404 a b c d e f g h HALYMENIA FLORIDANA 405 In Marine Plants in the Aquarium 406 a b c d e f g Halymenia Maculata 407 In Livealgae UK 408 a b LEAFY OGO HALYMENIA MACULATA 409 In AlgaeBarn 410 a b c d e f Flamingo Feather Algae 411 In Reef Cleaners 412 a b Hetereosiphona gibessii 413 In Gulf Coast Ecosystems 414 Hildenbrandia prototypus Nardo 1834 415 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 416 Hildenbrandia rubra Sommerfelt Meneghini 1841 417 In World Register of Marine Species WoRMS 418 a b c d e Blue Hypnea The Next Hot Refugium Macro 419 In AlgaeBarn 420 Blue Hypnea Hypnea pannosa 421 In Oceans Reefs amp Aquariums ORA 422 How to take care and grow blue hypnea macroalgae 423 In YouTube 424 a b c d e Pink Segmented Algae Jania spp a, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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