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List of lemuroids

Lemuroidea is a superfamily of primates. Members of this superfamily are called lemuroids, or lemurs. Lemuroidea is one of two superfamilies that form the suborder Strepsirrhini, itself one of two suborders in the order Primates. They are found exclusively on the island of Madagascar, primarily in forests but with some species also in savannas, shrublands, or wetlands. They range in size from the Margot Marsh's mouse lemur, at 8 cm (3 in) plus a 11 cm (4 in) tail, to the indri, at 90 cm (35 in) plus a 6 cm (2 in) tail. Lemuroids primarily eat fruit, leaves, and insects. Most lemuroids do not have population estimates, but the ones that do range from 40 mature individuals to 5,000. Most lemuroid species are at risk of extinction, with 45 species categorized as endangered, and a further 32 species categorized as critically endangered.

Ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)
Range of all lemur species

The 107 extant species of Lemuroidea are divided into five families. Cheirogaleidae contains 41 dwarf, mouse, and fork-marked lemur species in five genera. Daubentoniidae contains a single species, the aye-aye. Indriidae contains nineteen woolly lemur and sifaka species in three genera. Lemuridae contains 21 ruffed, ring-tailed, bamboo, and other lemur species in five genera. Lepilemuridae contains 25 sportive lemur species in a single genus.

Dozens of extinct prehistoric lemuroid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[1] At least 17 species and eight genera are believed to have become extinct in the 2,000 years since humans first arrived in Madagascar.[2][3] All known extinct species were large, ranging in weight from 10 to 200 kg (22 to 441 lb). The largest known subfossil lemur was Archaeoindris fontoynonti, a giant sloth lemur, which weighed more than a modern female gorilla. The extinction of the largest lemurs is often attributed to predation by humans and possibly habitat destruction.[2] Since all extinct lemurs were not only large (and thus ideal prey species), but also slow-moving (and thus more vulnerable to human predation), their presumably slow-reproducing and low-density populations were least likely to survive the introduction of humans.[2] Gradual changes in climate have also been blamed, and may have played a minor role; however since the largest lemurs also survived the climatic changes from previous ice ages and only disappeared following the arrival of humans, it is unlikely that climatic change was largely responsible.[2]

Conventions edit

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (32 species)
 EN Endangered (45 species)
 VU Vulnerable (24 species)
 NT Near threatened (1 species)
 LC Least concern (2 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (3 species)
 NE Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the lemuroid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

Classification edit

The superfamily Lemuroidea consists of five extant families: Cheirogaleidae, Daubentoniidae, Indriidae, Lemuridae, and Lepilemuridae. Cheirogaleidae contains 41 species in five genera. Daubentoniidae contains a single species. Indriidae contains nineteen species in three genera. Lemuridae contains 21 species in five genera. Lepilemuridae contains 25 lemur species in a single genus. There are additionally three families which went extinct prior to modern record-keeping: Archaeolemuridae, Megaladapidae, and Palaeopropithecidae, as well as an extinct genus in Lemuridae.

Family Archaeolemuridae† (monkey lemurs)

Family Cheirogaleidae

  • Genus Allocebus (hairy-eared dwarf lemur): one species
  • Genus Cheirogaleus (dwarf lemurs): ten species
  • Genus Microcebus (mouse lemurs): twenty-four species
  • Genus Mirza (giant mouse lemurs): two species
  • Genus Phaner (fork-marked lemurs): four species

Family Daubentoniidae

Family Indriidae

  • Genus Avahi (woolly lemurs): nine species
  • Genus Indri (indri): one species
  • Genus Propithecus (sifakas): nine species

Family Lemuridae

  • Genus Eulemur (true lemurs): twelve species
  • Genus Hapalemur (bamboo lemurs): five species
  • Genus Lemur (ring-tailed lemur): one species
  • Genus Pachylemur†: two extinct species
  • Genus Prolemur (greater bamboo lemur): one species
  • Genus Varecia (ruffed lemurs): two species

Family Lepilemuridae

  • Genus Lepilemur (sportive lemurs): twenty-five species

Family Megaladapidae† (koala lemurs)

Family Palaeopropithecidae† (sloth lemurs)

Lemuroidea  

Daubentoniidae

Lepilemuridae

Cheirogaleidae

Lemuridae

Indriidae

There are two competing lemur phylogenies, one by Horvath et al. (top)[4] and one by Orlando et al. (bottom).[5]

Lemuroids edit

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[6]

Family Cheirogaleidae edit

Genus AllocebusPetter-Rousseaux & Petter, 1967 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Hairy-eared dwarf lemur

 

A. trichotis
(Günther, 1875)
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus about 17 cm (7 in) tail[7]

Habitat: Forest[8]

Diet: Nectar, fruit, gum, leaves, honey, and insects[8]
 EN 


Unknown  [8]

Genus CheirogaleusGeoffroy, 1812 – ten species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Ankarana dwarf lemur


C. shethi
Frasier et al., 2016
Northern Madagascar Size: 16–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus about 18 cm (7 in) tail[9]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[10]

Diet: Fruit[10]
 EN 


Unknown  [10]

Fat-tailed dwarf lemur

 

C. medius
Geoffroy, 1812
Southern, western, and northern Madagascar
 
Size: 20–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 20–27 cm (8–11 in) tail[11]

Habitat: Forest[12]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, seeds, nectar, insects, and small vertebrates[11]
 VU 


Unknown  [12]

Furry-eared dwarf lemur

 

C. crossleyi
Grandidier, 1870
Scattered eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 22–26 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 21–27 cm (8–11 in) tail[13]

Habitat: Forest[14]

Diet: Nectar, fruit, leaves, and insects[13]
 VU 


Unknown  [14]

Greater dwarf lemur

 

C. major
Geoffroy, 1812
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 16–27 cm (6–11 in) long, plus 19–31 cm (7–12 in) tail[15]

Habitat: Forest[16]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, and nectar, as well as insects small vertebrates, and honey[15]
 VU 


Unknown  [16]

Groves' dwarf lemur

 

C. grovesi
McLain et al., 2017
Southeastern Madagascar Size: 16–24 cm (6–9 in) long, plus 27–31 cm (11–12 in) tail[17]

Habitat: Forest[18]

Diet:
 DD 


Unknown  [18]

Lavasoa dwarf lemur


C. lavasoensis
Thiele, Razafimahatratra, & Hapke, 2013
Southern Madagascar Size: 50–55 cm (20–22 in) long, including tail[19]

Habitat: Forest[20]

Diet:
 EN 


Unknown  [20]

Lesser iron-gray dwarf lemur


C. minusculus
Groves, 2000
Central Madagascar
 
Size: Unknown[21]

Habitat: Forest[22]

Diet: Unknown[21]
 DD 


Unknown  [22]

Montagne d'Ambre dwarf lemur


C. andysabini
Lei et al., 2015
Northern Madagascar Size: 16–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 26–27 cm (10–11 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Forest[24]

Diet:
 EN 


Unknown  [24]

Sibree's dwarf lemur


C. sibreei
Forsyth Major, 1896
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: Unknown[25]

Habitat: Forest[26]

Diet: Unknown[25]
 CR 


Unknown  [26]

Thomas' dwarf lemur

 

C. thomasi
(Forsyth Major, 1894)
Southeastern Madagascar Size: Unknown

Habitat: Forest[27]

Diet: Fruit and flowers[27]
 EN 


Unknown  [27]

Genus MicrocebusGeoffroy, 1834 – 24 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Anosy mouse lemur


M. tanosi
Rasoloarison, Weisrock, Yoder, Rakotondravony, & Kappeler, 2013
Southeastern Madagascar Size: 10–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 11–15 cm (4–6 in) tail[28]

Habitat: Forest[29]

Diet: Fruit and insects[29]
 EN 


Unknown  [29]

Arnhold's mouse lemur


M. arnholdi
Louis et al., 2008
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail[30]

Habitat: Forest[31]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 VU 


Unknown  [31]

Bemanasy mouse lemur


M. manitatra
Hotaling et al., 2016
Southeastern Madagascar Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus about 15 cm (6 in) tail

Habitat: Forest[33]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 CR 


Unknown  [33]

Bongolava mouse lemur


M. bongolavensis
Olivieri et al., 2007
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[34]

Habitat: Forest[35]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 EN 


Unknown  [35]

Brown mouse lemur

 

M. rufus
Geoffroy, 1834
Southeastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 13 cm (5 in) long, plus about 12 cm (5 in) tail[36]

Habitat: Forest[37]

Diet: Fruit, as well as insects, leaves, flowers, gum, nectar, and pollen[36]
 VU 


Unknown  [37]

Claire's mouse lemur

 

M. mamiratra
Andriantompohavana et al., 2006
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[38]

Habitat: Forest[39]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 EN 


Unknown  [39]

Danfoss's mouse lemur


M. danfossi
Olivieri et al., 2007
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 15–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[40]

Habitat: Forest[41]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 VU 


Unknown  [41]

Ganzhorn's mouse lemur


M. ganzhorni
Hotaling et al., 2016
Southeastern Madagascar Size:

Habitat: Forest[42]

Diet: Fruit and insects[42]
 EN 


Unknown  [42]

Gerp's mouse lemur

 

M. gerpi
Radespiel et al., 2012
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus about 15 cm (6 in) tail[43]

Habitat: Forest[44]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 CR 


Unknown  [44]

Golden-brown mouse lemur

 

M. ravelobensis
Zimmermann, Cepok, Rakotoarison, Zietemann, & Radespiel, 1998
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 14–18 cm (6–7 in) tail[45]

Habitat: Forest[46]

Diet: Gum, insect excretions, nectar, fruit, leaves, and animal matter[46]
 VU 


Unknown  [46]

Goodman's mouse lemur

 

M. lehilahytsara
Roos & Kappeler, 2005
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus 11–12 cm (4–5 in) tail[47]

Habitat: Forest[48]

Diet: Fruit and insects[48]
 NT 


Unknown  [48]

Gray mouse lemur

 

M. murinus
(J. F. Miller, 1777)
Western and southern Madagascar
 
Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[49]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[50]

Diet: Insects, as well as small reptiles, plants, leaves, fruit, and flowers[49]
 LC 


Unknown  [50]

Jolly's mouse lemur


M. jollyae
Louis et al., 2006
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus 12–13 cm (5 in) tail[51]

Habitat: Forest[52]

Diet: Fruit[52]
 EN 


Unknown  [52]

MacArthur's mouse lemur


M. macarthurii
Radespiel et al., 2008
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[53]

Habitat: Forest[54]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 EN 


Unknown  [54]

Madame Berthe's mouse lemur

 

M. berthae
Rasoloarison, Goodman, & Ganzhorn, 2000
Western Madagascar
 
Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 12–14 cm (5–6 in) tail[55]

Habitat: Forest[56]

Diet: Honeydew, as well as gum, flowers, fruit, arthropods, and small vertebrates[55]
 CR 


Unknown  [56]

Margot Marsh's mouse lemur


M. margotmarshae
Andriantompohavana et al., 2006
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 8–13 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 11–16 cm (4–6 in) tail[30]

Habitat: Forest[57]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 EN 


Unknown  [57]

Marohita mouse lemur


M. marohita
Rasoloarison, Weisrock, Yoder, Rakotondravony, & Kappeler, 2013
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 13–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[28]

Habitat: Forest[58]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 CR 


Unknown  [58]

Jonah's mouse lemur


M. jonahi
Schüssler et al., 2020
Northeastern Madagascar Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 12–14 cm (5–6 in) tail[53]

Habitat: Forest[59]

Diet: Fruit and insects[59]
 EN 


Unknown  [59]

Northern rufous mouse lemur


M. tavaratra
(Rasoloarison, Goodman, & Ganzhorn, 2000)
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[60]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[61]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 VU 


Unknown  [61]

Nosy Boraha mouse lemur


M. boraha
Hotaling et al., 2016
Northeastern Madagascar Size:

Habitat: Unknown[62]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 DD 


Unknown  [62]

Pygmy mouse lemur

 

M. myoxinus
Peters, 1852
Western Madagascar
 
Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[63]

Habitat: Forest[64]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, gums, and insects[63]
 VU 


Unknown  [64]

Reddish-gray mouse lemur

 

M. griseorufus
Kollman, 1910
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–16 cm (5–6 in) tail[47]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[65]

Diet: Fruit and gum, as well as flowers and arthropods[65]
 LC 


Unknown  [65]

Sambirano mouse lemur


M. sambiranensis
Rasoloarison et al., 2000
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[66]

Habitat: Forest[67]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 EN 


Unknown  [67]

Simmons' mouse lemur


M. simmonsi
Louis et al., 2006
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus 14–15 cm (6 in) tail[68]

Habitat: Forest[69]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 EN 


Unknown  [69]

Genus MirzaGray, 1870 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Coquerel's giant mouse lemur

 

M. coquereli
Grandidier, 1867
Western Madagascar
 
Size: 23–27 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 31–32 cm (12–13 in) tail[70]

Habitat: Forest[71]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, and invertebrates, as well as small vertebrates[70]
 EN 


Unknown  [71]

Northern giant mouse lemur

 

M. zaza
Kappeler & Roos, 2005
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 23–25 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 26–29 cm (10–11 in) tail[72]

Habitat: Forest[73]

Diet: Fruit, insect secretions, and sap[73]
 VU 


Unknown  [73]

Genus PhanerGray, 1870 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Amber Mountain fork-marked lemur


P. electromontis
Groves & Tattersall, 1991
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 28–37 cm (11–15 in) tail[74]

Habitat: Forest[75]

Diet:
 EN 


Unknown  [75]

Masoala fork-marked lemur

 

P. furcifer
Blainville, 1839
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 28–37 cm (11–15 in) tail[76]

Habitat: Forest[77]

Diet: Gum, as well as insects[76]
 EN 


Unknown  [77]

Pale fork-marked lemur

 

P. pallescens
Groves & Tattersall, 1991
Western Madagascar
 
Size: 23–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 29–37 cm (11–15 in) tail[78]

Habitat: Forest[79]

Diet: Sap and gum, as well as insects, insect secretions, fruit, flowers, and nectar[79]
 EN 


Unknown  [79]

Pariente's fork-marked lemur


P. parienti
Groves & Tattersall, 1991
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 28–37 cm (11–15 in) tail[74]

Habitat: Forest[80]

Diet: Gum[80]
 EN 


Unknown  [80]

Family Daubentoniidae edit

Genus DaubentoniaGeoffroy, 1795 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Aye-aye

 

D. madagascariensis
Gmelin, 1788
Western and eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 36–44 cm (14–17 in) long, plus tail[81]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[82]

Diet: Fruit, nuts, and sap[81]
 EN 


Unknown  [82]

Family Indriidae edit

Genus AvahiJourdan, 1834 – nine species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Bemaraha woolly lemur


A. cleesei
Thalmann & Geissmann, 2005
Western Madagascar
 
Size: 26–37 cm (10–15 in) long, plus 29–35 cm (11–14 in) tail[83]

Habitat: Forest[84]

Diet: Buds and leaves[85]
 CR 


Unknown  [84]

Betsileo woolly lemur


A. betsileo
Andriantompohavana et al., 2007
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 25–34 cm (10–13 in) long, plus 28–35 cm (11–14 in) tail[83]

Habitat: Forest[86]

Diet:
 EN 


Unknown  [86]

Eastern woolly lemur

 

A. laniger
Gmelin, 1788
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 30–45 cm (12–18 in) long plus tail[87]

Habitat: Forest[88]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers and fruit[87]
 VU 


Unknown  [88]

Moore's woolly lemur


A. mooreorum
Lei et al., 2008
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 28–34 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 29–38 cm (11–15 in) tail[89]

Habitat: Forest[90]

Diet: Leaves[90]
 EN 


Unknown  [90]

Peyrieras's woolly lemur


A. peyrierasi
Zaramody et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 26–32 cm (10–13 in) long, plus 28–35 cm (11–14 in) tail[91]

Habitat: Forest[92]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers and fruit[92]
 VU 


Unknown  [92]

Ramanantsoavana's woolly lemur


A. ramanantsoavani
Zaramody et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 27–34 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 26–39 cm (10–15 in) tail[83]

Habitat: Forest[93]

Diet:
 VU 


Unknown  [93]

Sambirano woolly lemur


A. unicolor
Thalmann & Geissmann, 2000
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 25–29 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 31–36 cm (12–14 in) tail[94]

Habitat: Forest[95]

Diet:
 CR 


Unknown  [95]

Southern woolly lemur


A. meridionalis
Zaramody et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 29–33 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 29–38 cm (11–15 in) tail[83]

Habitat: Forest[96]

Diet: Leaves[96]
 EN 


Unknown  [96]

Western woolly lemur

 

A. occidentalis
Liburnau, 1898
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 25–29 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 31–37 cm (12–15 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest[98]

Diet: Leaves[97]
 VU 


Unknown  [98]

Genus IndriGeoffroy & Cuvier, 1796 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Indri

 

I. indri
(Gmelin, 1788)

Two subspecies
  • I. i. indri
  • I. i. variegatus
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 60–90 cm (24–35 in) long, plus 5–6 cm (2 in) tail[99]

Habitat: Forest[100]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, and flowers[99]
 CR 


Unknown  [100]

Genus PropithecusBennett, 1832 – nine species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Coquerel's sifaka

 

P. coquereli
Grandidier, 1867
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 42–50 cm (17–20 in) long, plus 50–60 cm (20–24 in) tail[101]

Habitat: Forest[102]

Diet: Leaves, seeds, flowers, fruit, and bark[103]
 CR 


Unknown  [102]

Crowned sifaka

 

P. coronatus
H. Milne-Edwards, 1871
Western Madagascar
 
Size: About 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 56 cm (22 in) tail[104]

Habitat: Forest[105]

Diet: Flowers and leaves, as well as fruit[105]
 CR 


Unknown  [105]

Diademed sifaka

 

P. diadema
Bennett, 1832
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 45–55 cm (18–22 in) long, plus 43–56 cm (17–22 in)[106]

Habitat: Forest[107]

Diet: Leaves, flowers, fruit, and shoots[106]
 CR 


Unknown  [107]

Golden-crowned sifaka

 

P. tattersalli
Simons, 1988
Northern lemur
 
Size: About 48 cm (19 in) long, plus about 39 cm (15 in) tail[108]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[109]

Diet: Seeds, fruit, leaves, and flowers, as well as bark[108]
 CR 


4,000–5,000  [109]

Milne-Edwards's sifaka

 

P. edwardsi
Grandidier, 1871
Southeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 42–52 cm (17–20 in) long, plus 41–48 cm (16–19 in) tail[110]

Habitat: Forest[111]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, seeds, and flowers[110]
 EN 


Unknown  [111]

Perrier's sifaka

 

P. perrieri
Lavauden, 1931
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: About 49 cm (19 in) long, plus tail[112]

Habitat: Forest[113]

Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit[112]
 CR 


125  [113]

Silky sifaka

 

P. candidus
Grandidier, 1871
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 48–54 cm (19–21 in) long, plus 45–51 cm (18–20 in) tail[114]

Habitat: Forest[115]

Diet: Leaves, seeds, fruit, and flowers, as well as bark and soil[114]
 CR 


250  [115]

Verreaux's sifaka

 

P. verreauxi
Grandidier, 1867
Southwestern Madagascar
 
Size: 45–55 cm (18–22 in) long, plus 43–56 cm (17–22 in) tail[116]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[117]

Diet: Leaves, bark, and flowers, as well as fruit[116]
 CR 


Unknown  [117]

Von der Decken's sifaka

 

P. deckenii
Grandidier, 1867
Western Madagascar
 
Size: About 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 45 cm (18 in) tail[118]

Habitat: Forest[119]

Diet: Leaves[119]
 CR 


Unknown  [119]

Family Lemuridae edit

Genus EulemurSimons & Rumpler, 1988 – twelve species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black lemur

 

E. macaco
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long, plus 40–60 cm (16–24 in) tail[120]

Habitat: Forest[121]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, nectar, leaves, bark, soil, and ants[120]
 EN 


Unknown  [121]

Blue-eyed black lemur

 

E. flavifrons
Gray, 1867
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 39–45 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 51–65 cm (20–26 in) tail[122]

Habitat: Forest[123]

Diet: Fruit and leaves[123]
 CR 


Unknown  [123]

Collared brown lemur

 

E. collaris
Geoffroy, 1817
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 39–40 cm (15–16 in) long, plus 50–55 cm (20–22 in) tail[124]

Habitat: Forest[125]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, young leaves, and insects[125]
 EN 


Unknown  [125]

Common brown lemur

 

E. fulvus
Geoffroy, 1796
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 41–51 cm (16–20 in) long, plus 41–51 cm (16–20 in) tail[126]

Habitat: Forest[127]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers, fruit, and bark[128]
 VU 


Unknown  [127]

Crowned lemur

 

E. coronatus
(Gray, 1842)
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: About 34 cm (13 in) long, plus about 45 cm (18 in) tail[129]

Habitat: Forest[130]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves[129]
 EN 


Unknown  [130]

Gray-headed lemur

 

E. cinereiceps
Grandidier & A. Milne-Edwards, 1890
Southeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 39–41 cm (15–16 in) long, plus 50–55 cm (20–22 in) tail[131]

Habitat: Forest[132]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, leaves, nectar, fungi, and insects[131]
 CR 


Unknown  [132]

Mongoose lemur

 

E. mongoz
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: About 35 cm (14 in) long, plus about 48 cm (19 in) tail[133]

Habitat: Forest[134]

Diet: Flowers, pollen, fruit, and leaves[133]
 CR 


Unknown  [134]

Red lemur

 

E. rufus
(Audebert, 1799)
Northwestern lemur
 
Size: About 38 cm (15 in) long, plus 49–51 cm (19–20 in)[135]

Habitat: Forest[136]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, insects, and arthropods[135]
 VU 


Unknown  [136]

Red-bellied lemur

 

E. rubriventer
Geoffroy, 1850
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 36–42 cm (14–17 in) long, plus 46–54 cm (18–21 in) tail[137]

Habitat: Forest[138]

Diet: Flowers, fruits and leaves, as well as invertebrates[137]
 VU 


Unknown  [138]

Red-fronted lemur

 

E. rufifrons
Bennett, 1833
Southwestern and southeastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 30 cm (12 in) long, plus about 50 cm (20 in) tail[139]

Habitat: Forest[140]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, buds, and flowers, as well as invertebrates[139]
 VU 


Unknown  [140]

Sanford's brown lemur

 

E. sanfordi
Archbold, 1932
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 38–40 cm (15–16 in) long, plus 50–55 cm (20–22 in) tail[141]

Habitat: Forest[142]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, and invertebrates[142]
 EN 


Unknown  [142]

White-headed lemur

 

E. albifrons
Geoffroy, 1796
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 40 cm (16 in) long, plus about 50 cm (20 in) tail[143]

Habitat: Forest[144]

Diet: Fruit and flowers[144]
 VU 


Unknown  [144]

Genus HapalemurGeoffroy, 1851 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Eastern lesser bamboo lemur

 

H. griseus
Link, 1795
Western and eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 28–30 cm (11–12 in) long, plus 35–37 cm (14–15 in) tail[145]

Habitat: Forest[146]

Diet: Bamboo, as well as grass, fruit, and leaves[147]
 VU 


Unknown  [146]

Golden bamboo lemur

 

H. aureus
Meier, Albignac, Peyriéras, Rumpler, & Wright,, 1987
Southeastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 34 cm (13 in) long, plus about 41 cm (16 in) tail[148]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[149]

Diet: Bamboo, as well as grass, leaves, fruit, fungi, and soil[148]
 CR 


50–250  [149]

Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur

 

H. alaotrensis
Rumpler, 1975
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 40 cm (16 in) long, plus tail[150]

Habitat: Inland wetlands[151]

Diet: Marsh plants[151]
 CR 


Unknown  [151]

Southern lesser bamboo lemur

 

H. meridionalis
Warter, Randrianasolo, Dutrillaux, & Rumpler, 1987
Southeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 24–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 32–40 cm (13–16 in) tail[152]

Habitat: Forest[153]

Diet: Grass, pith, stems, and leaves, as well as fruit[153]
 VU 


Unknown  [153]

Western lesser bamboo lemur

 

H. occidentalis
Rumpler, 1975

 
Size: 27–28 cm (11–11 in) long, plus 36–39 cm (14–15 in) tail[154]

Habitat: Forest[155]

Diet: Fruit, bamboo, flowers, fungi, and soil[155]
 VU 


Unknown  [155]

Genus LemurLinnaeus, 1758 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Ring-tailed lemur

 

L. catta
Linnaeus, 1758
Southwestern Madagascar
 
Size: 39–46 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 56–63 cm (22–25 in) tail[156]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, rocky areas, and caves[157]

Diet: Omnivorous, including fruit, leaves, stems, flowers, sap, spiders, spider webs, chameleons, insects, small birds, and termite mounds[156]
 EN 


Unknown  [157]

Genus ProlemurGray, 1871 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Greater bamboo lemur

 

P. simus
Gray, 1871
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 40–45 cm (16–18 in) long, plus 43–48 cm (17–19 in) tail[158]

Habitat: Forest[159]

Diet: Bamboo shoots and pith, as well as flowers, leaves, soil, and fruit[158]
 CR 


Unknown  [159]

Genus VareciaGray, 1863 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black-and-white ruffed lemur

 

V. variegata
Kerr, 1792

Three subspecies
  • V. v. editorum (Hill's ruffed lemur)
  • V. v. subcincta (White-belted black-and-white ruffed lemur)
  • V. v. variegata (Black-and-white ruffed lemur)
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 60–61 cm (24–24 in) tail[145]

Habitat: Forest[160]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, and nectar[161]
 CR 


Unknown  [160]

Red ruffed lemur

 

V. rubra
(Geoffroy, 1812)
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 50 cm (20 in) long, plus about 60 cm (24 in) tail[162]

Habitat: Forest[163]

Diet: Fruit, nectar, and pollen, as well as leaves and seeds[162]
 CR 


Unknown  [163]

Family Lepilemuridae edit

Genus LepilemurGeoffroy, 1851 – 25 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
AEECL's sportive lemur

 

L. aeeclis
Andriaholinirina et al., 2017
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 28–33 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[164]

Habitat: Forest[165]

Diet: Leaves[165]
 EN 


Unknown  [165]

Ahmanson's sportive lemur


L. ahmansoni
Louis et al., 2006
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 24–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 23–25 cm (9–10 in) tail[166]

Habitat: Forest[167]

Diet: Leaves[167]
 CR 


Unknown  [167]

Ankarana sportive lemur

 

L. ankaranensis
Rumpler, 1975
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus about 25 cm (10 in) tail[168]

Habitat: Forest[169]

Diet: Leaves and fruit, as well as latex[169]
 EN 


Unknown  [169]

Betsileo sportive lemur


L. betsileo
Louis et al., 2006
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus about 33 cm (13 in) tail[170]

Habitat: Forest[171]

Diet: Leaves and flowers[170]
 EN 


Unknown  [171]

Daraina sportive lemur

 

L. milanoii
Louis et al., 2006
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 25–29 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 24–27 cm (9–11 in) tail[172]

Habitat: Forest[173]

Diet: Leaves[173]
 EN 


Unknown  [173]

Fleurete's sportive lemur


L. fleuretae
Louis et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 28–37 cm (11–15 in) long, plus about 30 cm (12 in) tail[174]

Habitat: Forest[175]

Diet: Leaves, fruit, and flowers[175]
 EN 


Unknown  [175]

Gray-backed sportive lemur

 

L. dorsalis
Gray, 1870
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 23–26 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 26–28 cm (10–11 in) tail[176]

Habitat: Forest[177]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers, fruit, and bark[176]
 EN 


Unknown  [177]

Grewcock's sportive lemur


L. grewcocki
Louis et al., 2006
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 29–33 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 26–30 cm (10–12 in) tail[178]

Habitat: Forest[179]

Diet:
 CR 


Unknown  [179]

Hawks' sportive lemur

 

L. tymerlachsoni
Louis et al., 2006
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 28–41 cm (11–16 in) long, plus 22–27 cm (9–11 in) tail[180]

Habitat: Forest[181]

Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit and bark[181]
 CR 


Unknown  [181]

Holland's sportive lemur


L. hollandorum
Ramaromilanto et al., 2009
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size:

Habitat: Forest[182]

Diet: Leaves[182]
 CR 


Unknown  [182]

Hubbard's sportive lemur

 

L. hubbardi
Louis et al., 2006
Southwestern Madagascar
 
Size: 28–34 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 23–25 cm (9–10 in) tail[183]

Habitat: Forest[184]

Diet: Leaves[184]
 EN 


Unknown  [184]

James' sportive lemur


L. jamesi
Louis et al., 2006
Southeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 32–35 cm (13–14 in) long, plus 28–32 cm (11–13 in) tail[185]

Habitat: Forest[186]

Diet:
 CR 


Unknown  [186]

Milne-Edwards' sportive lemur

 

L. edwardsi
Forsyth Major, 1894
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 27–29 cm (11–11 in) long, plus 27–29 cm (11–11 in) tail[187]

Habitat: Forest[188]

Diet: Leaves, as well as seeds, flowers, and fruit[187]
 EN 


Unknown  [188]

Northern sportive lemur

 

L. septentrionalis
Rumpler & Albignac, 1975
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus 25 cm (10 in) tail[189]

Habitat: Forest[190]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers and fruit[189]
 CR 


40  [190]

Otto's sportive lemur


L. otto
Craul, Zimmermann, Rasoloharijaona, Randrianambinina, & Radespiel, 2007
Northern Madagascar
 
Size:

Habitat: Forest[191]

Diet:
 EN 


Unknown  [191]

Petter's sportive lemur

 

L. petteri
Louis et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 27–29 cm (11–11 in) long, plus 22–25 cm (9–10 in) tail[183]

Habitat: Forest[192]

Diet: Leaves[192]
 EN 


Unknown  [192]

Randrianasolo's sportive lemur

 

L. randrianasoloi
Andriaholinirina et al., 2017
Western Madagascar
 
Size: About 29 cm (11 in) long, plus about 28 cm (11 in) tail[193]

Habitat: Forest[194]

Diet: Leaves, as well as pollen, seeds, fruit, flowers, and bark[193]
 EN 


Unknown  [194]

Red-tailed sportive lemur

 

L. ruficaudatus
Grandidier, 1867
Southwestern Madagascar
 
Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus about 25 cm (10 in) tail[195]

Habitat: Forest[196]

Diet: Fruit and leaves[196]
 CR 


Unknown  [196]

Sahamalaza sportive lemur

 

L. sahamalaza
Andriaholinirina et al., 2017
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: About 26 cm (10 in) long, plus about 27 cm (11 in) tail[197]

Habitat: Forest[198]

Diet: Leaves, fruit, spiders, and insects[198]
 CR 


Unknown  [198]

Scott's sportive lemur

 

L. scottorum
Lei et al., 2008
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 31–35 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 25–30 cm (10–12 in) tail[89]

Habitat: Forest[199]

Diet: Leaves[199]
 EN 


Unknown  [199]

Seal's sportive lemur


L. seali
Louis et al., 2006
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 32–38 cm (13–15 in) long, plus 24–38 cm (9–15 in) tail[89]

Habitat: Forest[200]

Diet:
 VU 


Unknown  [200]

Small-toothed sportive lemur

 

L. microdon
Forsyth Major, 1894

 
Size: 27–32 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 28–32 cm (11–13 in) tail[201]

Habitat: Forest[202]

Diet: Leaves[202]
 EN 


Unknown  [202]

Weasel sportive lemur

 

L. mustelinus
Geoffroy, 1851
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 24–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 22–29 cm (9–11 in) tail[203]

Habitat: Forest[204]

Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit, flowers, and bark[203]
 VU 


Unknown  [204]

White-footed sportive lemur

 

L. leucopus
Forsyth Major, 1894
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 24–26 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 21–26 cm (8–10 in) tail[205]

Habitat: Forest[206]

Diet: Leaves and vines, as well as flowers and fruit[205]
 EN 


Unknown  [206]

Wright's sportive lemur


L. wrighti
Louis et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 31–38 cm (12–15 in) long, plus 23–28 cm (9–11 in) tail[89]

Habitat: Forest[207]

Diet: Leaves[207]
 EN 


2,000  [207]

Extinct species edit

All known extinct lemurs from Madagascar are known from recent, subfossil remains.[208] Conditions for fossilization were not ideal on the island, so little is known about ancestral lemur populations. All known extinct lemurs are thought to have died out after the arrival of humans.

Scientific name Common name Family Estimated size Extinction date References
Archaeoindris fontoynonti Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 160–200 kg (350–440 lb) 350 BCE [209][210][211]
Archaeolemur edwardsi Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs) Archaeolemuridae 15–25 kg (33–55 lb) 1047–1280 CE [212][213]
Archaeolemur majori Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs) Archaeolemuridae 15–25 kg (33–55 lb) 1047–1280 CE [212][213]
Babakotia radofilai Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 16–20 kg (35–44 lb) 3050 BCE[c] [209][210]
Daubentonia robusta Giant aye-aye Daubentoniidae 14 kg (31 lb) 891–1027 CE [214][215]
Hadropithecus stenognathus Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs) Archaeolemuridae 27–35 kg (60–77 lb) 444–772 CE [212][213]
Megaladapis edwardsi Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 40–80 kg (88–176 lb) 1280–1420 CE [216][217]
Megaladapis grandidieri Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 40–80 kg (88–176 lb) 1280–1420 CE [216][217]
Megaladapis madagascariensis Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 40–80 kg (88–176 lb) 1280–1420 CE [216][217]
Mesopropithecus dolichobrachion Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 10–14 kg (22–31 lb) 245–429 CE [209][210]
Mesopropithecus globiceps Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 10–14 kg (22–31 lb) 245–429 CE [209][210]
Mesopropithecus pithecoides Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 10–14 kg (22–31 lb) 245–429 CE [209][210]
Pachylemur insignis Pachylemur Lemuridae 11.5 kg (25 lb) 680–960 BCE [218]
Pachylemur jullyi Pachylemur Lemuridae 13 kg (29 lb) Holocene [218]
Palaeopropithecus ingens Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 25–50 kg (55–110 lb) 1300–1620 CE [209][210]
Palaeopropithecus kelyus Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 35 kg (77 lb) Late Quaternary [3]
Palaeopropithecus maximus Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 25–50 kg (55–110 lb) 1300–1620 CE [209][210]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Fossilworks: Lemuroidea". Paleobiology Database. University of Wisconsin–Madison. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d Mittermeier, pp. 50–51
  3. ^ a b Gommery, D.; Ramanivosoa, B.; Tombomiadana-Raveloson, S.; Randrianantenaina, H.; Kerloc'h, P. (2009). "A new species of giant subfossil lemur from the North-West of Madagascar (Palaeopropithecus kelyus, Primates)". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 8 (5): 471–480. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2009.02.001.
    • "New Extinct Lemur Species Discovered In Madagascar". ScienceDaily (Press release). 27 May 2009.
  4. ^ Horvath, J. E.; Weisrock, D. W.; Embry, S. L.; Fiorentino, I.; Balhoff, J. P.; Kappeler, P.; Wray, G. A.; Willard, H. F.; Yoder, A. D. (2008). "Development and application of a phylogenomic toolkit: Resolving the evolutionary history of Madagascar's lemurs" (PDF). Genome Research. 18 (3): 489–499. doi:10.1101/gr.7265208. PMC 2259113. PMID 18245770.
  5. ^ Orlando, L.; Calvignac, S.; Schnebelen, C.; Douady, C. J.; Godfrey, L. R.; Hänni, C. (2008). "DNA from extinct giant lemurs links archaeolemurids to extant indriids". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (121): 121. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-121. PMC 2386821. PMID 18442367.
  6. ^ Wilson, Reeder, pp. 114–120
  7. ^ Drury, Chad (2002). "Allocebus trichotis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  8. ^ a b c Louis, E. E.; Frasier, C. L.; Bezandry, N.; Sefczek, T. M.; Bailey, C. A.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Mittermeier, J.; Réné De Roland, L. A. (2020). "Allocebus trichotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T868A115559302. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T868A115559302.en.
  9. ^ Frasier, C.; Lei, R.; McLain, A.; Taylor, J.; Bailey, C.; Ginter, A.; Nash, S.; Randriamampionona, R.; Groves, C.; Mittermeier, R.; Louis, E. (2016). "A New Species of Dwarf Lemur (Cheirogaleidae: Cheirogaleus medius Group) from the Ankarana and Andrafiamena-Andavakoera Massifs, Madagascar". Primate Conservation. 30: 59–72.
  10. ^ a b c Sgarlata, G. M.; Le Pors, B.; Blanco, M.; Salmona, J.; Chikhi, L.; Louis, E. E.; Cotton, S.; Hending, D.; Frasier, C. L.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Lewis, R.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus shethi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163020756A163020759. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163020756A163020759.en.
  11. ^ a b Dewey, Tanya; Older, Kevin F. (2008). "Cheirogaleus medius". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  12. ^ a b Blanco, M.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Louis, E. E.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus medius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163023599A115588562. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163023599A115588562.en.
  13. ^ a b Garbutt, pp. 102–103
  14. ^ a b Blanco, M.; Borgerson, C.; Dolch, R.; Donati, G.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Louis, E. E.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus crossleyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163021377A115581154. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163021377A115581154.en.
  15. ^ a b Cooper, Arthur (2000). "Cheirogaleus major". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
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list, lemuroids, lemuroidea, superfamily, primates, members, this, superfamily, called, lemuroids, lemurs, lemuroidea, superfamilies, that, form, suborder, strepsirrhini, itself, suborders, order, primates, they, found, exclusively, island, madagascar, primari. Lemuroidea is a superfamily of primates Members of this superfamily are called lemuroids or lemurs Lemuroidea is one of two superfamilies that form the suborder Strepsirrhini itself one of two suborders in the order Primates They are found exclusively on the island of Madagascar primarily in forests but with some species also in savannas shrublands or wetlands They range in size from the Margot Marsh s mouse lemur at 8 cm 3 in plus a 11 cm 4 in tail to the indri at 90 cm 35 in plus a 6 cm 2 in tail Lemuroids primarily eat fruit leaves and insects Most lemuroids do not have population estimates but the ones that do range from 40 mature individuals to 5 000 Most lemuroid species are at risk of extinction with 45 species categorized as endangered and a further 32 species categorized as critically endangered Ring tailed lemur Lemur catta Range of all lemur speciesThe 107 extant species of Lemuroidea are divided into five families Cheirogaleidae contains 41 dwarf mouse and fork marked lemur species in five genera Daubentoniidae contains a single species the aye aye Indriidae contains nineteen woolly lemur and sifaka species in three genera Lemuridae contains 21 ruffed ring tailed bamboo and other lemur species in five genera Lepilemuridae contains 25 sportive lemur species in a single genus Dozens of extinct prehistoric lemuroid species have been discovered though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed 1 At least 17 species and eight genera are believed to have become extinct in the 2 000 years since humans first arrived in Madagascar 2 3 All known extinct species were large ranging in weight from 10 to 200 kg 22 to 441 lb The largest known subfossil lemur was Archaeoindris fontoynonti a giant sloth lemur which weighed more than a modern female gorilla The extinction of the largest lemurs is often attributed to predation by humans and possibly habitat destruction 2 Since all extinct lemurs were not only large and thus ideal prey species but also slow moving and thus more vulnerable to human predation their presumably slow reproducing and low density populations were least likely to survive the introduction of humans 2 Gradual changes in climate have also been blamed and may have played a minor role however since the largest lemurs also survived the climatic changes from previous ice ages and only disappeared following the arrival of humans it is unlikely that climatic change was largely responsible 2 Contents 1 Conventions 2 Classification 3 Lemuroids 3 1 Family Cheirogaleidae 3 2 Family Daubentoniidae 3 3 Family Indriidae 3 4 Family Lemuridae 3 5 Family Lepilemuridae 4 Extinct species 5 See also 6 References 7 SourcesConventions editIUCN Red List categoriesConservation status EX Extinct 0 species EW Extinct in the wild 0 species CR Critically Endangered 32 species EN Endangered 45 species VU Vulnerable 24 species NT Near threatened 1 species LC Least concern 2 species Other categories DD Data deficient 3 species NE Not evaluated 0 species Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Range maps are provided wherever possible if a range map is not available a description of the lemuroid s range is provided Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted Classification editMain article Taxonomy of lemurs The superfamily Lemuroidea consists of five extant families Cheirogaleidae Daubentoniidae Indriidae Lemuridae and Lepilemuridae Cheirogaleidae contains 41 species in five genera Daubentoniidae contains a single species Indriidae contains nineteen species in three genera Lemuridae contains 21 species in five genera Lepilemuridae contains 25 lemur species in a single genus There are additionally three families which went extinct prior to modern record keeping Archaeolemuridae Megaladapidae and Palaeopropithecidae as well as an extinct genus in Lemuridae Family Archaeolemuridae monkey lemurs Genus Archaeolemur two extinct species Genus Hadropithecus one extinct speciesFamily Cheirogaleidae Genus Allocebus hairy eared dwarf lemur one species Genus Cheirogaleus dwarf lemurs ten species Genus Microcebus mouse lemurs twenty four species Genus Mirza giant mouse lemurs two species Genus Phaner fork marked lemurs four speciesFamily Daubentoniidae Genus Daubentonia aye aye one speciesFamily Indriidae Genus Avahi woolly lemurs nine species Genus Indri indri one species Genus Propithecus sifakas nine speciesFamily Lemuridae Genus Eulemur true lemurs twelve species Genus Hapalemur bamboo lemurs five species Genus Lemur ring tailed lemur one species Genus Pachylemur two extinct species Genus Prolemur greater bamboo lemur one species Genus Varecia ruffed lemurs two speciesFamily Lepilemuridae Genus Lepilemur sportive lemurs twenty five speciesFamily Megaladapidae koala lemurs Genus Megaladapis Family Palaeopropithecidae sloth lemurs Genus Archaeoindris one extinct species Genus Babakotia one extinct species Genus Mesopropithecus three extinct species Genus Palaeopropithecus three extinct speciesLemuroidea DaubentoniidaeIndriidaeLepilemuridaeCheirogaleidaeLemuridaeLemuroidea DaubentoniidaeLepilemuridaeCheirogaleidaeLemuridaeIndriidaeThere are two competing lemur phylogenies one by Horvath et al top 4 and one by Orlando et al bottom 5 Lemuroids editThe following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World 2005 with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists 6 Family Cheirogaleidae edit Main article Cheirogaleidae Genus Allocebus Petter Rousseaux amp Petter 1967 one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated populationHairy eared dwarf lemur nbsp A trichotis Gunther 1875 Northeastern Madagascar nbsp Size 12 15 cm 5 6 in long plus about 17 cm 7 in tail 7 Habitat Forest 8 Diet Nectar fruit gum leaves honey and insects 8 EN Unknown nbsp 8 Genus Cheirogaleus Geoffroy 1812 ten species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated populationAnkarana dwarf lemur C shethi Frasier et al 2016 Northern Madagascar Size 16 18 cm 6 7 in long plus about 18 cm 7 in tail 9 Habitat Forest and shrubland 10 Diet Fruit 10 EN Unknown nbsp 10 Fat tailed dwarf lemur nbsp C medius Geoffroy 1812 Southern western and northern Madagascar nbsp Size 20 23 cm 8 9 in long plus 20 27 cm 8 11 in tail 11 Habitat Forest 12 Diet Fruit as well as flowers seeds nectar insects and small vertebrates 11 VU Unknown nbsp 12 Furry eared dwarf lemur nbsp C crossleyi Grandidier 1870 Scattered eastern Madagascar nbsp Size 22 26 cm 9 10 in long plus 21 27 cm 8 11 in tail 13 Habitat Forest 14 Diet Nectar fruit leaves and insects 13 VU Unknown nbsp 14 Greater dwarf lemur nbsp C major Geoffroy 1812 Eastern Madagascar nbsp Size 16 27 cm 6 11 in long plus 19 31 cm 7 12 in tail 15 Habitat Forest 16 Diet Fruit flowers and nectar as well as insects small vertebrates and honey 15 VU Unknown nbsp 16 Groves dwarf lemur nbsp C grovesi McLain et al 2017 Southeastern Madagascar Size 16 24 cm 6 9 in long plus 27 31 cm 11 12 in tail 17 Habitat Forest 18 Diet DD Unknown nbsp 18 Lavasoa dwarf lemur C lavasoensis Thiele Razafimahatratra amp Hapke 2013 Southern Madagascar Size 50 55 cm 20 22 in long including tail 19 Habitat Forest 20 Diet EN Unknown nbsp 20 Lesser iron gray dwarf lemur C minusculus Groves 2000 Central Madagascar nbsp Size Unknown 21 Habitat Forest 22 Diet Unknown 21 DD Unknown nbsp 22 Montagne d Ambre dwarf lemur C andysabini Lei et al 2015 Northern Madagascar Size 16 18 cm 6 7 in long plus 26 27 cm 10 11 in tail 23 Habitat Forest 24 Diet EN Unknown nbsp 24 Sibree s dwarf lemur C sibreei Forsyth Major 1896 Eastern Madagascar nbsp Size Unknown 25 Habitat Forest 26 Diet Unknown 25 CR Unknown nbsp 26 Thomas dwarf lemur nbsp C thomasi Forsyth Major 1894 Southeastern Madagascar Size UnknownHabitat Forest 27 Diet Fruit and flowers 27 EN Unknown nbsp 27 Genus Microcebus Geoffroy 1834 24 species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated populationAnosy mouse lemur M tanosi Rasoloarison Weisrock Yoder Rakotondravony amp Kappeler 2013 Southeastern Madagascar Size 10 16 cm 4 6 in long plus 11 15 cm 4 6 in tail 28 Habitat Forest 29 Diet Fruit and insects 29 EN Unknown nbsp 29 Arnhold s mouse lemur M arnholdi Louis et al 2008 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 9 13 cm 4 5 in long plus 10 14 cm 4 6 in tail 30 Habitat Forest 31 Diet Insect secretions arthropods small vertebrates fruit and flowers 32 VU Unknown nbsp 31 Bemanasy mouse lemur M manitatra Hotaling et al 2016 Southeastern Madagascar Size 12 13 cm 5 in long plus about 15 cm 6 in tailHabitat Forest 33 Diet Insect secretions arthropods small vertebrates fruit and flowers 32 CR Unknown nbsp 33 Bongolava mouse lemur M bongolavensis Olivieri et al 2007 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 11 14 cm 4 6 in long plus 14 17 cm 6 7 in tail 34 Habitat Forest 35 Diet Insect secretions arthropods small vertebrates fruit and flowers 32 EN Unknown nbsp 35 Brown mouse lemur nbsp M rufus Geoffroy 1834 Southeastern Madagascar nbsp Size About 13 cm 5 in long plus about 12 cm 5 in tail 36 Habitat Forest 37 Diet Fruit as well as insects leaves flowers gum nectar and pollen 36 VU Unknown nbsp 37 Claire s mouse lemur nbsp M mamiratra Andriantompohavana et al 2006 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 11 14 cm 4 6 in long plus 14 17 cm 6 7 in tail 38 Habitat Forest 39 Diet Insect secretions arthropods small vertebrates fruit and flowers 32 EN Unknown nbsp 39 Danfoss s mouse lemur M danfossi Olivieri et al 2007 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 10 12 cm 4 5 in long plus 15 17 cm 6 7 in tail 40 Habitat Forest 41 Diet Insect secretions arthropods small vertebrates fruit and flowers 32 VU Unknown nbsp 41 Ganzhorn s mouse lemur M ganzhorni Hotaling et al 2016 Southeastern Madagascar Size Habitat Forest 42 Diet Fruit and insects 42 EN Unknown nbsp 42 Gerp s mouse lemur nbsp M gerpi Radespiel et al 2012 Eastern Madagascar nbsp Size 9 10 cm 4 in long plus about 15 cm 6 in tail 43 Habitat Forest 44 Diet Insect secretions arthropods small vertebrates fruit and flowers 32 CR Unknown nbsp 44 Golden brown mouse lemur nbsp M ravelobensis Zimmermann Cepok Rakotoarison Zietemann amp Radespiel 1998 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 12 14 cm 5 6 in long plus 14 18 cm 6 7 in tail 45 Habitat Forest 46 Diet Gum insect excretions nectar fruit leaves and animal matter 46 VU Unknown nbsp 46 Goodman s mouse lemur nbsp M lehilahytsara Roos amp Kappeler 2005 Northeastern Madagascar nbsp Size 9 10 cm 4 in long plus 11 12 cm 4 5 in tail 47 Habitat Forest 48 Diet Fruit and insects 48 NT Unknown nbsp 48 Gray mouse lemur nbsp M murinus J F Miller 1777 Western and southern Madagascar nbsp Size 12 14 cm 5 6 in long plus 13 15 cm 5 6 in tail 49 Habitat Forest and shrubland 50 Diet Insects as well as small reptiles plants leaves fruit and flowers 49 LC Unknown nbsp 50 Jolly s mouse lemur M jollyae Louis et al 2006 Eastern Madagascar nbsp Size 9 10 cm 4 in long plus 12 13 cm 5 in tail 51 Habitat Forest 52 Diet Fruit 52 EN Unknown nbsp 52 MacArthur s mouse lemur M macarthurii Radespiel et al 2008 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 11 14 cm 4 6 in long plus 13 15 cm 5 6 in tail 53 Habitat Forest 54 Diet Insect secretions arthropods small vertebrates fruit and flowers 32 EN Unknown nbsp 54 Madame Berthe s mouse lemur nbsp M berthae Rasoloarison Goodman amp Ganzhorn 2000 Western Madagascar nbsp Size 9 11 cm 4 in long plus 12 14 cm 5 6 in tail 55 Habitat Forest 56 Diet Honeydew as well as gum flowers fruit arthropods and small vertebrates 55 CR Unknown nbsp 56 Margot Marsh s mouse lemur M margotmarshae Andriantompohavana et al 2006 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 8 13 cm 3 5 in long plus 11 16 cm 4 6 in tail 30 Habitat Forest 57 Diet Insect secretions arthropods small vertebrates fruit and flowers 32 EN Unknown nbsp 57 Marohita mouse lemur M marohita Rasoloarison Weisrock Yoder Rakotondravony amp Kappeler 2013 Eastern Madagascar nbsp Size 13 15 cm 5 6 in long plus 13 15 cm 5 6 in tail 28 Habitat Forest 58 Diet Insect secretions arthropods small vertebrates fruit and flowers 32 CR Unknown nbsp 58 Jonah s mouse lemur M jonahi Schussler et al 2020 Northeastern Madagascar Size 12 14 cm 5 6 in long plus 12 14 cm 5 6 in tail 53 Habitat Forest 59 Diet Fruit and insects 59 EN Unknown nbsp 59 Northern rufous mouse lemur M tavaratra Rasoloarison Goodman amp Ganzhorn 2000 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 11 14 cm 4 6 in long plus 14 17 cm 6 7 in tail 60 Habitat Forest and shrubland 61 Diet Insect secretions arthropods small vertebrates fruit and flowers 32 VU Unknown nbsp 61 Nosy Boraha mouse lemur M boraha Hotaling et al 2016 Northeastern Madagascar Size Habitat Unknown 62 Diet Insect secretions arthropods small vertebrates fruit and flowers 32 DD Unknown nbsp 62 Pygmy mouse lemur nbsp M myoxinus Peters 1852 Western Madagascar nbsp Size 12 13 cm 5 in long plus 24 26 cm 9 10 in tail 63 Habitat Forest 64 Diet Fruit as well as flowers gums and insects 63 VU Unknown nbsp 64 Reddish gray mouse lemur nbsp M griseorufus Kollman 1910 Southern Madagascar nbsp Size 11 14 cm 4 6 in long plus 13 16 cm 5 6 in tail 47 Habitat Forest and shrubland 65 Diet Fruit and gum as well as flowers and arthropods 65 LC Unknown nbsp 65 Sambirano mouse lemur M sambiranensis Rasoloarison et al 2000 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 11 13 cm 4 5 in long plus 13 15 cm 5 6 in tail 66 Habitat Forest 67 Diet Insect secretions arthropods small vertebrates fruit and flowers 32 EN Unknown nbsp 67 Simmons mouse lemur M simmonsi Louis et al 2006 Eastern Madagascar nbsp Size 9 10 cm 4 in long plus 14 15 cm 6 in tail 68 Habitat Forest 69 Diet Insect secretions arthropods small vertebrates fruit and flowers 32 EN Unknown nbsp 69 Genus Mirza Gray 1870 two species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated populationCoquerel s giant mouse lemur nbsp M coquereli Grandidier 1867 Western Madagascar nbsp Size 23 27 cm 9 11 in long plus 31 32 cm 12 13 in tail 70 Habitat Forest 71 Diet Fruit flowers and invertebrates as well as small vertebrates 70 EN Unknown nbsp 71 Northern giant mouse lemur nbsp M zaza Kappeler amp Roos 2005 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 23 25 cm 9 10 in long plus 26 29 cm 10 11 in tail 72 Habitat Forest 73 Diet Fruit insect secretions and sap 73 VU Unknown nbsp 73 Genus Phaner Gray 1870 four species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated populationAmber Mountain fork marked lemur P electromontis Groves amp Tattersall 1991 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 22 29 cm 9 11 in long plus 28 37 cm 11 15 in tail 74 Habitat Forest 75 Diet EN Unknown nbsp 75 Masoala fork marked lemur nbsp P furcifer Blainville 1839 Northeastern Madagascar nbsp Size 22 29 cm 9 11 in long plus 28 37 cm 11 15 in tail 76 Habitat Forest 77 Diet Gum as well as insects 76 EN Unknown nbsp 77 Pale fork marked lemur nbsp P pallescens Groves amp Tattersall 1991 Western Madagascar nbsp Size 23 29 cm 9 11 in long plus 29 37 cm 11 15 in tail 78 Habitat Forest 79 Diet Sap and gum as well as insects insect secretions fruit flowers and nectar 79 EN Unknown nbsp 79 Pariente s fork marked lemur P parienti Groves amp Tattersall 1991 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 22 29 cm 9 11 in long plus 28 37 cm 11 15 in tail 74 Habitat Forest 80 Diet Gum 80 EN Unknown nbsp 80 Family Daubentoniidae edit Main article Daubentoniidae Genus Daubentonia Geoffroy 1795 one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated populationAye aye nbsp D madagascariensis Gmelin 1788 Western and eastern Madagascar nbsp Size 36 44 cm 14 17 in long plus tail 81 Habitat Forest and shrubland 82 Diet Fruit nuts and sap 81 EN Unknown nbsp 82 Family Indriidae edit Main article Indriidae Genus Avahi Jourdan 1834 nine species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated populationBemaraha woolly lemur A cleesei Thalmann amp Geissmann 2005 Western Madagascar nbsp Size 26 37 cm 10 15 in long plus 29 35 cm 11 14 in tail 83 Habitat Forest 84 Diet Buds and leaves 85 CR Unknown nbsp 84 Betsileo woolly lemur A betsileo Andriantompohavana et al 2007 Eastern Madagascar nbsp Size 25 34 cm 10 13 in long plus 28 35 cm 11 14 in tail 83 Habitat Forest 86 Diet EN Unknown nbsp 86 Eastern woolly lemur nbsp A laniger Gmelin 1788 Eastern Madagascar nbsp Size 30 45 cm 12 18 in long plus tail 87 Habitat Forest 88 Diet Leaves as well as flowers and fruit 87 VU Unknown nbsp 88 Moore s woolly lemur A mooreorum Lei et al 2008 Eastern Madagascar nbsp Size 28 34 cm 11 13 in long plus 29 38 cm 11 15 in tail 89 Habitat Forest 90 Diet Leaves 90 EN Unknown nbsp 90 Peyrieras s woolly lemur A peyrierasi Zaramody et al 2006 Southern Madagascar nbsp Size 26 32 cm 10 13 in long plus 28 35 cm 11 14 in tail 91 Habitat Forest 92 Diet Leaves as well as flowers and fruit 92 VU Unknown nbsp 92 Ramanantsoavana s woolly lemur A ramanantsoavani Zaramody et al 2006 Southern Madagascar nbsp Size 27 34 cm 11 13 in long plus 26 39 cm 10 15 in tail 83 Habitat Forest 93 Diet VU Unknown nbsp 93 Sambirano woolly lemur A unicolor Thalmann amp Geissmann 2000 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 25 29 cm 10 11 in long plus 31 36 cm 12 14 in tail 94 Habitat Forest 95 Diet CR Unknown nbsp 95 Southern woolly lemur A meridionalis Zaramody et al 2006 Southern Madagascar nbsp Size 29 33 cm 11 13 in long plus 29 38 cm 11 15 in tail 83 Habitat Forest 96 Diet Leaves 96 EN Unknown nbsp 96 Western woolly lemur nbsp A occidentalis Liburnau 1898 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 25 29 cm 10 11 in long plus 31 37 cm 12 15 in tail 97 Habitat Forest 98 Diet Leaves 97 VU Unknown nbsp 98 Genus Indri Geoffroy amp Cuvier 1796 one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated populationIndri nbsp I indri Gmelin 1788 Two subspecies I i indriI i variegatus Northeastern Madagascar nbsp Size 60 90 cm 24 35 in long plus 5 6 cm 2 in tail 99 Habitat Forest 100 Diet Fruit leaves and flowers 99 CR Unknown nbsp 100 Genus Propithecus Bennett 1832 nine species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated populationCoquerel s sifaka nbsp P coquereli Grandidier 1867 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 42 50 cm 17 20 in long plus 50 60 cm 20 24 in tail 101 Habitat Forest 102 Diet Leaves seeds flowers fruit and bark 103 CR Unknown nbsp 102 Crowned sifaka nbsp P coronatus H Milne Edwards 1871 Western Madagascar nbsp Size About 45 cm 18 in long plus 56 cm 22 in tail 104 Habitat Forest 105 Diet Flowers and leaves as well as fruit 105 CR Unknown nbsp 105 Diademed sifaka nbsp P diadema Bennett 1832 Eastern Madagascar nbsp Size 45 55 cm 18 22 in long plus 43 56 cm 17 22 in 106 Habitat Forest 107 Diet Leaves flowers fruit and shoots 106 CR Unknown nbsp 107 Golden crowned sifaka nbsp P tattersalli Simons 1988 Northern lemur nbsp Size About 48 cm 19 in long plus about 39 cm 15 in tail 108 Habitat Forest savanna and shrubland 109 Diet Seeds fruit leaves and flowers as well as bark 108 CR 4 000 5 000 nbsp 109 Milne Edwards s sifaka nbsp P edwardsi Grandidier 1871 Southeastern Madagascar nbsp Size 42 52 cm 17 20 in long plus 41 48 cm 16 19 in tail 110 Habitat Forest 111 Diet Fruit as well as leaves seeds and flowers 110 EN Unknown nbsp 111 Perrier s sifaka nbsp P perrieri Lavauden 1931 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size About 49 cm 19 in long plus tail 112 Habitat Forest 113 Diet Leaves flowers and fruit 112 CR 125 nbsp 113 Silky sifaka nbsp P candidus Grandidier 1871 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 48 54 cm 19 21 in long plus 45 51 cm 18 20 in tail 114 Habitat Forest 115 Diet Leaves seeds fruit and flowers as well as bark and soil 114 CR 250 nbsp 115 Verreaux s sifaka nbsp P verreauxi Grandidier 1867 Southwestern Madagascar nbsp Size 45 55 cm 18 22 in long plus 43 56 cm 17 22 in tail 116 Habitat Forest and shrubland 117 Diet Leaves bark and flowers as well as fruit 116 CR Unknown nbsp 117 Von der Decken s sifaka nbsp P deckenii Grandidier 1867 Western Madagascar nbsp Size About 45 cm 18 in long plus 45 cm 18 in tail 118 Habitat Forest 119 Diet Leaves 119 CR Unknown nbsp 119 Family Lemuridae edit Main article Lemuridae Genus Eulemur Simons amp Rumpler 1988 twelve species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated populationBlack lemur nbsp E macaco Linnaeus 1766 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 30 50 cm 12 20 in long plus 40 60 cm 16 24 in tail 120 Habitat Forest 121 Diet Fruit as well as flowers nectar leaves bark soil and ants 120 EN Unknown nbsp 121 Blue eyed black lemur nbsp E flavifrons Gray 1867 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 39 45 cm 15 18 in long plus 51 65 cm 20 26 in tail 122 Habitat Forest 123 Diet Fruit and leaves 123 CR Unknown nbsp 123 Collared brown lemur nbsp E collaris Geoffroy 1817 Southern Madagascar nbsp Size 39 40 cm 15 16 in long plus 50 55 cm 20 22 in tail 124 Habitat Forest 125 Diet Fruit as well as flowers young leaves and insects 125 EN Unknown nbsp 125 Common brown lemur nbsp E fulvus Geoffroy 1796 Northeastern Madagascar nbsp Size 41 51 cm 16 20 in long plus 41 51 cm 16 20 in tail 126 Habitat Forest 127 Diet Leaves as well as flowers fruit and bark 128 VU Unknown nbsp 127 Crowned lemur nbsp E coronatus Gray 1842 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size About 34 cm 13 in long plus about 45 cm 18 in tail 129 Habitat Forest 130 Diet Fruit as well as leaves 129 EN Unknown nbsp 130 Gray headed lemur nbsp E cinereiceps Grandidier amp A Milne Edwards 1890 Southeastern Madagascar nbsp Size 39 41 cm 15 16 in long plus 50 55 cm 20 22 in tail 131 Habitat Forest 132 Diet Fruit as well as flowers leaves nectar fungi and insects 131 CR Unknown nbsp 132 Mongoose lemur nbsp E mongoz Linnaeus 1766 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size About 35 cm 14 in long plus about 48 cm 19 in tail 133 Habitat Forest 134 Diet Flowers pollen fruit and leaves 133 CR Unknown nbsp 134 Red lemur nbsp E rufus Audebert 1799 Northwestern lemur nbsp Size About 38 cm 15 in long plus 49 51 cm 19 20 in 135 Habitat Forest 136 Diet Fruit as well as leaves flowers insects and arthropods 135 VU Unknown nbsp 136 Red bellied lemur nbsp E rubriventer Geoffroy 1850 Eastern Madagascar nbsp Size 36 42 cm 14 17 in long plus 46 54 cm 18 21 in tail 137 Habitat Forest 138 Diet Flowers fruits and leaves as well as invertebrates 137 VU Unknown nbsp 138 Red fronted lemur nbsp E rufifrons Bennett 1833 Southwestern and southeastern Madagascar nbsp Size About 30 cm 12 in long plus about 50 cm 20 in tail 139 Habitat Forest 140 Diet Fruit leaves buds and flowers as well as invertebrates 139 VU Unknown nbsp 140 Sanford s brown lemur nbsp E sanfordi Archbold 1932 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 38 40 cm 15 16 in long plus 50 55 cm 20 22 in tail 141 Habitat Forest 142 Diet Fruit as well as leaves flowers and invertebrates 142 EN Unknown nbsp 142 White headed lemur nbsp E albifrons Geoffroy 1796 Northeastern Madagascar nbsp Size About 40 cm 16 in long plus about 50 cm 20 in tail 143 Habitat Forest 144 Diet Fruit and flowers 144 VU Unknown nbsp 144 Genus Hapalemur Geoffroy 1851 five species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated populationEastern lesser bamboo lemur nbsp H griseus Link 1795 Western and eastern Madagascar nbsp Size 28 30 cm 11 12 in long plus 35 37 cm 14 15 in tail 145 Habitat Forest 146 Diet Bamboo as well as grass fruit and leaves 147 VU Unknown nbsp 146 Golden bamboo lemur nbsp H aureus Meier Albignac Peyrieras Rumpler amp Wright 1987 Southeastern Madagascar nbsp Size About 34 cm 13 in long plus about 41 cm 16 in tail 148 Habitat Forest and inland wetlands 149 Diet Bamboo as well as grass leaves fruit fungi and soil 148 CR 50 250 nbsp 149 Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur nbsp H alaotrensis Rumpler 1975 Northeastern Madagascar nbsp Size About 40 cm 16 in long plus tail 150 Habitat Inland wetlands 151 Diet Marsh plants 151 CR Unknown nbsp 151 Southern lesser bamboo lemur nbsp H meridionalis Warter Randrianasolo Dutrillaux amp Rumpler 1987 Southeastern Madagascar nbsp Size 24 30 cm 9 12 in long plus 32 40 cm 13 16 in tail 152 Habitat Forest 153 Diet Grass pith stems and leaves as well as fruit 153 VU Unknown nbsp 153 Western lesser bamboo lemur nbsp H occidentalis Rumpler 1975 nbsp Size 27 28 cm 11 11 in long plus 36 39 cm 14 15 in tail 154 Habitat Forest 155 Diet Fruit bamboo flowers fungi and soil 155 VU Unknown nbsp 155 Genus Lemur Linnaeus 1758 one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated populationRing tailed lemur nbsp L catta Linnaeus 1758 Southwestern Madagascar nbsp Size 39 46 cm 15 18 in long plus 56 63 cm 22 25 in tail 156 Habitat Forest shrubland rocky areas and caves 157 Diet Omnivorous including fruit leaves stems flowers sap spiders spider webs chameleons insects small birds and termite mounds 156 EN Unknown nbsp 157 Genus Prolemur Gray 1871 one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated populationGreater bamboo lemur nbsp P simus Gray 1871 Eastern Madagascar nbsp Size 40 45 cm 16 18 in long plus 43 48 cm 17 19 in tail 158 Habitat Forest 159 Diet Bamboo shoots and pith as well as flowers leaves soil and fruit 158 CR Unknown nbsp 159 Genus Varecia Gray 1863 two species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated populationBlack and white ruffed lemur nbsp V variegata Kerr 1792 Three subspecies V v editorum Hill s ruffed lemur V v subcincta White belted black and white ruffed lemur V v variegata Black and white ruffed lemur Eastern Madagascar nbsp Size About 45 cm 18 in long plus 60 61 cm 24 24 in tail 145 Habitat Forest 160 Diet Fruit as well as leaves flowers and nectar 161 CR Unknown nbsp 160 Red ruffed lemur nbsp V rubra Geoffroy 1812 Northeastern Madagascar nbsp Size About 50 cm 20 in long plus about 60 cm 24 in tail 162 Habitat Forest 163 Diet Fruit nectar and pollen as well as leaves and seeds 162 CR Unknown nbsp 163 Family Lepilemuridae edit Main article Lepilemuridae Genus Lepilemur Geoffroy 1851 25 species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated populationAEECL s sportive lemur nbsp L aeeclis Andriaholinirina et al 2017 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 28 33 cm 11 13 in long plus 24 26 cm 9 10 in tail 164 Habitat Forest 165 Diet Leaves 165 EN Unknown nbsp 165 Ahmanson s sportive lemur L ahmansoni Louis et al 2006 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 24 30 cm 9 12 in long plus 23 25 cm 9 10 in tail 166 Habitat Forest 167 Diet Leaves 167 CR Unknown nbsp 167 Ankarana sportive lemur nbsp L ankaranensis Rumpler 1975 Northeastern Madagascar nbsp Size About 28 cm 11 in long plus about 25 cm 10 in tail 168 Habitat Forest 169 Diet Leaves and fruit as well as latex 169 EN Unknown nbsp 169 Betsileo sportive lemur L betsileo Louis et al 2006 Eastern Madagascar nbsp Size About 28 cm 11 in long plus about 33 cm 13 in tail 170 Habitat Forest 171 Diet Leaves and flowers 170 EN Unknown nbsp 171 Daraina sportive lemur nbsp L milanoii Louis et al 2006 Northeastern Madagascar nbsp Size 25 29 cm 10 11 in long plus 24 27 cm 9 11 in tail 172 Habitat Forest 173 Diet Leaves 173 EN Unknown nbsp 173 Fleurete s sportive lemur L fleuretae Louis et al 2006 Southern Madagascar nbsp Size 28 37 cm 11 15 in long plus about 30 cm 12 in tail 174 Habitat Forest 175 Diet Leaves fruit and flowers 175 EN Unknown nbsp 175 Gray backed sportive lemur nbsp L dorsalis Gray 1870 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 23 26 cm 9 10 in long plus 26 28 cm 10 11 in tail 176 Habitat Forest 177 Diet Leaves as well as flowers fruit and bark 176 EN Unknown nbsp 177 Grewcock s sportive lemur L grewcocki Louis et al 2006 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 29 33 cm 11 13 in long plus 26 30 cm 10 12 in tail 178 Habitat Forest 179 Diet CR Unknown nbsp 179 Hawks sportive lemur nbsp L tymerlachsoni Louis et al 2006 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 28 41 cm 11 16 in long plus 22 27 cm 9 11 in tail 180 Habitat Forest 181 Diet Leaves as well as fruit and bark 181 CR Unknown nbsp 181 Holland s sportive lemur L hollandorum Ramaromilanto et al 2009 Northeastern Madagascar nbsp Size Habitat Forest 182 Diet Leaves 182 CR Unknown nbsp 182 Hubbard s sportive lemur nbsp L hubbardi Louis et al 2006 Southwestern Madagascar nbsp Size 28 34 cm 11 13 in long plus 23 25 cm 9 10 in tail 183 Habitat Forest 184 Diet Leaves 184 EN Unknown nbsp 184 James sportive lemur L jamesi Louis et al 2006 Southeastern Madagascar nbsp Size 32 35 cm 13 14 in long plus 28 32 cm 11 13 in tail 185 Habitat Forest 186 Diet CR Unknown nbsp 186 Milne Edwards sportive lemur nbsp L edwardsi Forsyth Major 1894 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size 27 29 cm 11 11 in long plus 27 29 cm 11 11 in tail 187 Habitat Forest 188 Diet Leaves as well as seeds flowers and fruit 187 EN Unknown nbsp 188 Northern sportive lemur nbsp L septentrionalis Rumpler amp Albignac 1975 Northeastern Madagascar nbsp Size About 28 cm 11 in long plus 25 cm 10 in tail 189 Habitat Forest 190 Diet Leaves as well as flowers and fruit 189 CR 40 nbsp 190 Otto s sportive lemur L otto Craul Zimmermann Rasoloharijaona Randrianambinina amp Radespiel 2007 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size Habitat Forest 191 Diet EN Unknown nbsp 191 Petter s sportive lemur nbsp L petteri Louis et al 2006 Southern Madagascar nbsp Size 27 29 cm 11 11 in long plus 22 25 cm 9 10 in tail 183 Habitat Forest 192 Diet Leaves 192 EN Unknown nbsp 192 Randrianasolo s sportive lemur nbsp L randrianasoloi Andriaholinirina et al 2017 Western Madagascar nbsp Size About 29 cm 11 in long plus about 28 cm 11 in tail 193 Habitat Forest 194 Diet Leaves as well as pollen seeds fruit flowers and bark 193 EN Unknown nbsp 194 Red tailed sportive lemur nbsp L ruficaudatus Grandidier 1867 Southwestern Madagascar nbsp Size About 28 cm 11 in long plus about 25 cm 10 in tail 195 Habitat Forest 196 Diet Fruit and leaves 196 CR Unknown nbsp 196 Sahamalaza sportive lemur nbsp L sahamalaza Andriaholinirina et al 2017 Northern Madagascar nbsp Size About 26 cm 10 in long plus about 27 cm 11 in tail 197 Habitat Forest 198 Diet Leaves fruit spiders and insects 198 CR Unknown nbsp 198 Scott s sportive lemur nbsp L scottorum Lei et al 2008 Northeastern Madagascar nbsp Size 31 35 cm 12 14 in long plus 25 30 cm 10 12 in tail 89 Habitat Forest 199 Diet Leaves 199 EN Unknown nbsp 199 Seal s sportive lemur L seali Louis et al 2006 Northeastern Madagascar nbsp Size 32 38 cm 13 15 in long plus 24 38 cm 9 15 in tail 89 Habitat Forest 200 Diet VU Unknown nbsp 200 Small toothed sportive lemur nbsp L microdon Forsyth Major 1894 nbsp Size 27 32 cm 11 13 in long plus 28 32 cm 11 13 in tail 201 Habitat Forest 202 Diet Leaves 202 EN Unknown nbsp 202 Weasel sportive lemur nbsp L mustelinus Geoffroy 1851 Eastern Madagascar nbsp Size 24 30 cm 9 12 in long plus 22 29 cm 9 11 in tail 203 Habitat Forest 204 Diet Leaves as well as fruit flowers and bark 203 VU Unknown nbsp 204 White footed sportive lemur nbsp L leucopus Forsyth Major 1894 Southern Madagascar nbsp Size 24 26 cm 9 10 in long plus 21 26 cm 8 10 in tail 205 Habitat Forest 206 Diet Leaves and vines as well as flowers and fruit 205 EN Unknown nbsp 206 Wright s sportive lemur L wrighti Louis et al 2006 Southern Madagascar nbsp Size 31 38 cm 12 15 in long plus 23 28 cm 9 11 in tail 89 Habitat Forest 207 Diet Leaves 207 EN 2 000 nbsp 207 Extinct species editMain article Subfossil lemur All known extinct lemurs from Madagascar are known from recent subfossil remains 208 Conditions for fossilization were not ideal on the island so little is known about ancestral lemur populations All known extinct lemurs are thought to have died out after the arrival of humans Scientific name Common name Family Estimated size Extinction date ReferencesArchaeoindris fontoynonti Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 160 200 kg 350 440 lb 350 BCE 209 210 211 Archaeolemur edwardsi Monkey lemurs or baboon lemurs Archaeolemuridae 15 25 kg 33 55 lb 1047 1280 CE 212 213 Archaeolemur majori Monkey lemurs or baboon lemurs Archaeolemuridae 15 25 kg 33 55 lb 1047 1280 CE 212 213 Babakotia radofilai Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 16 20 kg 35 44 lb 3050 BCE c 209 210 Daubentonia robusta Giant aye aye Daubentoniidae 14 kg 31 lb 891 1027 CE 214 215 Hadropithecus stenognathus Monkey lemurs or baboon lemurs Archaeolemuridae 27 35 kg 60 77 lb 444 772 CE 212 213 Megaladapis edwardsi Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 40 80 kg 88 176 lb 1280 1420 CE 216 217 Megaladapis grandidieri Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 40 80 kg 88 176 lb 1280 1420 CE 216 217 Megaladapis madagascariensis Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 40 80 kg 88 176 lb 1280 1420 CE 216 217 Mesopropithecus dolichobrachion Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 10 14 kg 22 31 lb 245 429 CE 209 210 Mesopropithecus globiceps Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 10 14 kg 22 31 lb 245 429 CE 209 210 Mesopropithecus pithecoides Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 10 14 kg 22 31 lb 245 429 CE 209 210 Pachylemur insignis Pachylemur Lemuridae 11 5 kg 25 lb 680 960 BCE 218 Pachylemur jullyi Pachylemur Lemuridae 13 kg 29 lb Holocene 218 Palaeopropithecus ingens Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 25 50 kg 55 110 lb 1300 1620 CE 209 210 Palaeopropithecus kelyus Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 35 kg 77 lb Late Quaternary 3 Palaeopropithecus maximus Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 25 50 kg 55 110 lb 1300 1620 CE 209 210 See also editList of mammals of Madagascar List of primatesReferences edit Fossilworks Lemuroidea Paleobiology Database University of Wisconsin Madison Retrieved 23 November 2023 a b c d Mittermeier pp 50 51 a b Gommery D Ramanivosoa B Tombomiadana Raveloson S Randrianantenaina H Kerloc h P 2009 A new species of giant subfossil lemur from the North West of Madagascar Palaeopropithecus kelyus Primates Comptes Rendus Palevol 8 5 471 480 doi 10 1016 j crpv 2009 02 001 New Extinct Lemur Species Discovered In Madagascar ScienceDaily Press release 27 May 2009 Horvath J E Weisrock D W Embry S L Fiorentino I Balhoff J P Kappeler P Wray G A Willard H F Yoder A D 2008 Development and application of a phylogenomic toolkit Resolving the evolutionary history of Madagascar s lemurs PDF Genome Research 18 3 489 499 doi 10 1101 gr 7265208 PMC 2259113 PMID 18245770 Orlando L Calvignac S Schnebelen C Douady C J Godfrey L R Hanni C 2008 DNA from extinct giant lemurs links archaeolemurids to extant indriids BMC Evolutionary Biology 8 121 121 doi 10 1186 1471 2148 8 121 PMC 2386821 PMID 18442367 Wilson Reeder pp 114 120 Drury Chad 2002 Allocebus trichotis Animal Diversity Web University of Michigan Retrieved 29 October 2023 a b c Louis E E Frasier C L Bezandry N Sefczek T M Bailey C A Mittermeier R A Mittermeier J Rene De Roland L A 2020 Allocebus trichotis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T868A115559302 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 2 RLTS T868A115559302 en Frasier C Lei R McLain A Taylor J Bailey C Ginter A Nash S Randriamampionona R Groves C Mittermeier R Louis E 2016 A New Species of Dwarf Lemur Cheirogaleidae Cheirogaleus medius Group from the Ankarana and Andrafiamena Andavakoera Massifs Madagascar Primate Conservation 30 59 72 a b c Sgarlata G M Le Pors B Blanco M Salmona J Chikhi L Louis E E Cotton S Hending D Frasier C L Dolch R Ganzhorn J Greene L K Lewis R Rafalinirina H A Raharivololona B Rakotoarisoa G Ralison J Randriahaingo H N T Rasoloarison R M Razafindrasolo M Wright P Zaonarivelo J 2020 Cheirogaleus shethi IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T163020756A163020759 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 2 RLTS T163020756A163020759 en a b Dewey Tanya Older Kevin F 2008 Cheirogaleus medius Animal Diversity Web University of Michigan Retrieved 29 October 2023 a b Blanco M Dolch R Ganzhorn J Greene L K Le Pors B Lewis R Louis E E Rafalinirina H A Raharivololona B Rakotoarisoa G Ralison J Randriahaingo H N T Rasoloarison R M Razafindrasolo M Sgarlata G M Wright P Zaonarivelo J 2020 Cheirogaleus medius IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T163023599A115588562 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 2 RLTS T163023599A115588562 en a b Garbutt pp 102 103 a b Blanco M Borgerson C Dolch R Donati G Ganzhorn J Greene L K Le Pors B Lewis R Louis E E Rafalinirina H A Raharivololona B Rakotoarisoa G Ralison J Randriahaingo H N T Rasoloarison R M Razafindrasolo M Sgarlata G M Wright P Zaonarivelo J 2020 Cheirogaleus crossleyi IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T163021377A115581154 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 2 RLTS T163021377A115581154 en a b Cooper Arthur 2000 Cheirogaleus major Animal Diversity Web University of Michigan Retrieved 29 October 2023 a b Blanco M Borgerson C Dolch R Donati G Ganzhorn J Greene L K Le Pors B Lewis R Louis E E Rafalinirina H A Raharivololona B Rakotoarisoa G Ralison J Randriahaingo H N T Rasoloarison R M Razafindrasolo M Sgarlata G M Wright P Zaonarivelo J 2020 Cheirogaleus major IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T54778911A115588708 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 2 RLTS T54778911A115588708 en McLain A T Lei R Frasier C L Taylor J M Bailey C A Robertson B A D Nash S D Randriamanana J C Mittermeier R A Louis E E Jr 2017 A New Cheirogaleus Cheirogaleidae Cheirogaleus crossleyi Group Species from Southeastern Madagascar PDF Primate Conservation 31 27 36 a b Blanco M Dolch R Donati G Ganzhorn J Greene L K Le Pors B Lewis R Louis E E Rafalinirina H A Raharivololona B Ralison J Randriahaingo H N T Rasoloarison R M Razafindrasolo M Sgarlata G M Wright P Zaonarivelo J 2020 Cheirogaleus grovesi IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T163021927A163021999 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 2 RLTS T163021927A163021999 en Anderson 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Randrianarimanana L Randrianasolo H Randriatahina G Rasamimananana H Rasolofoharivelo T Rasoloharijaona S Ratelolahy F Ratsimbazafy J Ratsimbazafy N Razafindraibe H Razafindramanana J Rowe N Salmona J Seiler M Volampeno S Wright P Youssouf J Zaonarivelo J Zaramody A 2014 Cheirogaleus minusculus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014 e T136800A16111635 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2014 1 RLTS T136800A16111635 en Montagne d Ambre Dwarf Lemur New Species Found Sci News 12 October 2015 Retrieved 27 November 2023 a b Sgarlata G M Le Pors B Frasier C L Chikhi L Salmona J Louis E E Blanco M Dolch R Ganzhorn J Greene L K Lewis R Rafalinirina H A Raharivololona B Rakotoarisoa G Ralison J Randriahaingo H N T Rasoloarison R M Razafindrasolo M Wright P Zaonarivelo J 2020 Cheirogaleus andysabini IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T163021607A163021799 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 2 RLTS T163021607A163021799 en a b Garbutt p 104 a b Blanco M Dolch R Ganzhorn J Greene L K Le Pors B Lewis R Louis E E 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in Feeding Ecology and Activity Patterns of Two Sympatric Mouse Lemur Species the Gray Mouse Lemur Microcebus murinus and the Golden brown Mouse Lemur M ravelobensis in Northwestern Madagascar International Journal of Primatology 32 3 566 586 doi 10 1007 s10764 010 9488 1 S2CID 39339969 a b Blanco M Dolch R Donati G Ganzhorn J Greene L K Le Pors B Lewis R Rafalinirina H A Raharivololona B Ralison J Randriahaingo H N T Rasoloarison R M Razafindrasolo M Sgarlata G M Wright P Zaonarivelo J 2020 Microcebus manitatra IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T163313848A163313878 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 2 RLTS T163313848A163313878 en Garbutt p 98 a b Blanco M Dolch R Ganzhorn J Greene L K Le Pors B Lewis R Rafalinirina H A Raharivololona B Rakotoarisoa G Ralison J Randriahaingo H N T Rasoloarison R M Razafindrasolo M Sgarlata G M Wright P Zaonarivelo J 2020 Microcebus bongolavensis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T136537A115583451 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 2 RLTS 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