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List of capital crimes in the Torah

November 11, 2023

According to the Torah or Law of Moses, these are some of the offenses which may merit the death penalty.

Religious practices edit

Sexual practices edit

  • Being participant in sexual activity, in which a betrothed woman loses her virginity to another man[17]
  • Raping a betrothed woman in the countryside.[18]
  • Adultery with a married woman.[19] Both parties are to die.
  • A woman falsely representing herself as a virgin before the marriage ceremony[20]
  • Marrying one's wife's mother.[21] This was in addition to one's wife; death is by burning.
  • Certain forms of incest, namely if it involves the father's wife or a daughter-in-law.[22] Other forms of incest receive lesser punishment; sexual activity with a sister/stepsister is given excommunication for a punishment;[23] if it involves a brother's wife or an uncle's wife it is just cursed[24] and sexual activity with an aunt that is a blood relation is merely criticised.[25]
  • Certain sexual activities between males (Hebrew: zakhar) involving what the Masoretic Text literally terms lie lyings (of a) woman (Hebrew: tishkav mishkvei ishah),[26][27][28] and the Septuagint literally terms beds [verb] the woman's/wife's bed (Greek: koimethese koiten gynaikos);[29][30] the gender of the target of the command is commonly understood to be male, but not explicitly stated. The correct translation and interpretation of this passage, and its implications for homosexuality in Judaism and homosexuality in Christianity, are controversial. Translations into English are wide-ranging.[31][32]
  • Bestiality.[33][34] Both the human and the animal are to die.
  • Prostitution by the daughter of a priest.[35]

Homicide edit

  • Murder, believed by Jews to apply to non-Jews as well.[36][37][38][39] Sanctuary at the altar was not permitted.
  • If an ox has gored in the past and the owner has been warned about the behavior of the ox but has failed to confine it, and it gores and kills another person, the owner is to be put to death. If the interested party requires payment of a fee death is not required. If a slave is killed the owner of the ox is to pay a fine, and the ox is to be stoned in all cases.[40]

Parental discipline edit

Courts edit

Kidnapping edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Exodus 22:19
  2. ^ Leviticus 20:1–5
  3. ^ Numbers 25:1–9
  4. ^ Deuteronomy 13:2–10
  5. ^ Deuteronomy 17:2–7
  6. ^ Deuteronomy 18:20–22
  7. ^ Leviticus 20:27
  8. ^ Leviticus 20:27 (LXX)
  9. ^ Exodus 22:18
  10. ^ Exodus 22:17 (LXX); note that verse numbering in the Septuagint doesn't correspond exactly with the Masoretic Text
  11. ^ Exodus 22:18
  12. ^ Leviticus 24:10–16
  13. ^ Exodus 31:14–15
  14. ^ Exodus 35:2
  15. ^ Numbers 15:32–36
  16. ^ Numbers 1:51, Numbers 3:10 and Numbers 3:38
  17. ^ Deuteronomy 22:23–24
  18. ^ Deuteronomy 22:25–27
  19. ^ Leviticus 20:10
  20. ^ Deuteronomy 22:13–21
  21. ^ Leviticus 20:14
  22. ^ Leviticus 20:11–12
  23. ^ Leviticus 20:17
  24. ^ Leviticus 20:20–21
  25. ^ Leviticus 20:19
  26. ^ Coogan, Michael (October 2010). "4. Thou Shalt Not: Forbidden Sexual Relationships in the Bible". God and Sex: What the Bible Really Says (1st ed.). New York, Boston: Twelve. Hachette Book Group. pp. 116–117, 140. ISBN 978-0-446-54525-9. OCLC 505927356. Retrieved May 5, 2011. It is arbitrary to assert on the basis of biblical authority that some of them, such as sex between men, are intrinsically wrong, whereas others, such as wearing clothing made from wool and linen, are not: the biblical writers themselves make no such distinction. Few who argue that homosexuality is wrong – to say nothing about incest, adultery and bestiality – because the Bible says so, would enforce the death penalty for these offences as the Bible also commands.
  27. ^ Leviticus 20:13
  28. ^ Leviticus 18:22
  29. ^ Leviticus 18:22 (LXX)
  30. ^ Leviticus 20:13 (LXX)
  31. ^ Leviticus 20:13
  32. ^ Leviticus 18:22
  33. ^ Exodus 22:18
  34. ^ Leviticus 20:15–16
  35. ^ Leviticus 21:9
  36. ^ Genesis 9:6
  37. ^ Exodus 21:12–14
  38. ^ Leviticus 24:17–23
  39. ^ Numbers 35:9–34
  40. ^ Exodus 21:28–32
  41. ^ Exodus 21:15
  42. ^ Exodus 21:17
  43. ^ Leviticus 20:9
  44. ^ Deuteronomy 21:18–21
  45. ^ Ehrman, Bart (2009). "Eight. Is faith possible?". Jesus, Interrupted: Revealing the Hidden Contradictions in the Bible (And Why We Don't Know About Them). HarperCollins e-books. p. 281. ISBN 978-0061173943. OCLC 317877487. My view is that everyone already picks and chooses what they want to accept in the Bible.6 The most egregious instances of this can be found among people who claim not to be picking and choosing. I have a young friend whose evangelical parents were upset because she wanted to get a tattoo, since the Bible, after all, condemns tattoos. In the same book, Leviticus, the Bible also condemns wearing clothing made of two different kinds of fabric and eating pork. And it indicates that children who disobey their parents are to be stoned to death. Why insist on the biblical teaching about tattoos but not about dress shirts, pork chops, and stoning?
  46. ^ Deuteronomy 17:8–13
  47. ^ Deuteronomy 19:15–21
  48. ^ Exodus 21:16
  49. ^ Deuteronomy 24:7

External links edit

  • Jewish Encyclopedia: Capital Punishment
  • Catholic Encyclopedia: Capital Punishment

November 11, 2023
list, capital, crimes, torah, this, article, uncritically, uses, texts, from, within, religion, faith, system, without, referring, secondary, sources, that, critically, analyze, them, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, references, reliable, secondar. This article uncritically uses texts from within a religion or faith system without referring to secondary sources that critically analyze them Please help improve this article by adding references to reliable secondary sources with multiple points of view February 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message According to the Torah or Law of Moses these are some of the offenses which may merit the death penalty Contents 1 Religious practices 2 Sexual practices 3 Homicide 4 Parental discipline 5 Courts 6 Kidnapping 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksReligious practices editSacrificing to gods other than Yahweh 1 Sacrificing offspring to Molech 2 Worshipping Baal Peor 3 A prophet who says to follow gods other than Yahweh 4 A person who follows gods other than Yahweh 5 A false prophet one whose prophecies do not come to pass 6 Necromancy according to the Masoretic Text specifically those who are masters over ghosts Hebrew Ba al ob and those who gain information from the dead Hebrew Yidde oni 7 The Septuagint instead condemns gastromancy Greek eggastrimuthos and enchantment Greek epaoidos 8 According to the Masoretic Text practitioners of kashaph 9 incanting maleficium According to the Septuagint version of the same passages pharmakeia 10 poisoners drug users for the purposes of hallucinogenic experiences citation needed Historically this passage has been translated into English using vague terminology condemning witchcraft or sorcery in general 11 Blaspheming Yahweh 12 Working on the Sabbath 13 14 15 Being a non Levite common man and approaching the tabernacle 16 Sexual practices editBeing participant in sexual activity in which a betrothed woman loses her virginity to another man 17 Raping a betrothed woman in the countryside 18 Adultery with a married woman 19 Both parties are to die A woman falsely representing herself as a virgin before the marriage ceremony 20 Marrying one s wife s mother 21 This was in addition to one s wife death is by burning Certain forms of incest namely if it involves the father s wife or a daughter in law 22 Other forms of incest receive lesser punishment sexual activity with a sister stepsister is given excommunication for a punishment 23 if it involves a brother s wife or an uncle s wife it is just cursed 24 and sexual activity with an aunt that is a blood relation is merely criticised 25 Certain sexual activities between males Hebrew zakhar involving what the Masoretic Text literally terms lie lyings of a woman Hebrew tishkav mishkvei ishah 26 27 28 and the Septuagint literally terms beds verb the woman s wife s bed Greek koimethese koiten gynaikos 29 30 the gender of the target of the command is commonly understood to be male but not explicitly stated The correct translation and interpretation of this passage and its implications for homosexuality in Judaism and homosexuality in Christianity are controversial Translations into English are wide ranging 31 32 Bestiality 33 34 Both the human and the animal are to die Prostitution by the daughter of a priest 35 Homicide editMurder believed by Jews to apply to non Jews as well 36 37 38 39 Sanctuary at the altar was not permitted If an ox has gored in the past and the owner has been warned about the behavior of the ox but has failed to confine it and it gores and kills another person the owner is to be put to death If the interested party requires payment of a fee death is not required If a slave is killed the owner of the ox is to pay a fine and the ox is to be stoned in all cases 40 Parental discipline editSmiting a parent 41 Cursing a parent 42 43 A son who persists in disobeying his parents 44 45 Courts editDisobeying the decision of the court 46 False witness to a capital crime 47 Kidnapping edit Stealing an Israelite into slavery 48 49 See also edit613 commandments Capital punishment in Judaism Capital punishment Christian views on the Old Covenant Crime and punishment in the Bible Death penalty in the Bible Draco lawgiver Jewish ethics Religion and capital punishment Sanhedrin Seven Laws of Noah Twelve Tables Witchcraft and divination in the Hebrew BibleReferences edit Exodus 22 19 Leviticus 20 1 5 Numbers 25 1 9 Deuteronomy 13 2 10 Deuteronomy 17 2 7 Deuteronomy 18 20 22 Leviticus 20 27 Leviticus 20 27 LXX Exodus 22 18 Exodus 22 17 LXX note that verse numbering in the Septuagint doesn t correspond exactly with the Masoretic Text Exodus 22 18 Leviticus 24 10 16 Exodus 31 14 15 Exodus 35 2 Numbers 15 32 36 Numbers 1 51 Numbers 3 10 and Numbers 3 38 Deuteronomy 22 23 24 Deuteronomy 22 25 27 Leviticus 20 10 Deuteronomy 22 13 21 Leviticus 20 14 Leviticus 20 11 12 Leviticus 20 17 Leviticus 20 20 21 Leviticus 20 19 Coogan Michael October 2010 4 Thou Shalt Not Forbidden Sexual Relationships in the Bible God and Sex What the Bible Really Says 1st ed New York Boston Twelve Hachette Book Group pp 116 117 140 ISBN 978 0 446 54525 9 OCLC 505927356 Retrieved May 5 2011 It is arbitrary to assert on the basis of biblical authority that some of them such as sex between men are intrinsically wrong whereas others such as wearing clothing made from wool and linen are not the biblical writers themselves make no such distinction Few who argue that homosexuality is wrong to say nothing about incest adultery and bestiality because the Bible says so would enforce the death penalty for these offences as the Bible also commands Leviticus 20 13 Leviticus 18 22 Leviticus 18 22 LXX Leviticus 20 13 LXX Leviticus 20 13 Leviticus 18 22 Exodus 22 18 Leviticus 20 15 16 Leviticus 21 9 Genesis 9 6 Exodus 21 12 14 Leviticus 24 17 23 Numbers 35 9 34 Exodus 21 28 32 Exodus 21 15 Exodus 21 17 Leviticus 20 9 Deuteronomy 21 18 21 Ehrman Bart 2009 Eight Is faith possible Jesus Interrupted Revealing the Hidden Contradictions in the Bible And Why We Don t Know About Them HarperCollins e books p 281 ISBN 978 0061173943 OCLC 317877487 My view is that everyone already picks and chooses what they want to accept in the Bible 6 The most egregious instances of this can be found among people who claim not to be picking and choosing I have a young friend whose evangelical parents were upset because she wanted to get a tattoo since the Bible after all condemns tattoos In the same book Leviticus the Bible also condemns wearing clothing made of two different kinds of fabric and eating pork And it indicates that children who disobey their parents are to be stoned to death Why insist on the biblical teaching about tattoos but not about dress shirts pork chops and stoning Deuteronomy 17 8 13 Deuteronomy 19 15 21 Exodus 21 16 Deuteronomy 24 7External links editJewish Encyclopedia Capital Punishment Catholic Encyclopedia Capital Punishment Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of capital crimes in the Torah amp oldid 1183143371, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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