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List of British Army regiments that served in Australia between 1810 and 1870

April 11, 2024

The following is a list of British Army regiments that served in Australia between 1810 and 1870. From 1788 to 1790, the colony was defended by Royal Marines. From 1790 to 1810 the colony was defended by the New South Wales Corps. From 1810 to 1870, the colony was defended by British Army regiments. The Royal Marines remained in Australia until 1913, after which the Royal Australian Navy was strong enough to take full responsibility for Australian waters.

British soldiers storming the Eureka stockade in 1854

After the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788, the colony of New South Wales was initially defended by a force of three companies of marines.[1] In 1790 this force was relieved by a specially raised corps, known as the New South Wales Corps,[2] which provided colonial defence until 1810 when they were returned to England following the events of the Rum Rebellion.[3] After this, regular British Army regiments were dispatched to the Australian colonies on a rotational basis,[4] to serve as a colonial garrison for the next 60 years.[5] The first regiment to arrive was the 73rd, who were brought to colony to replace the New South Wales Corps by Lachlan Macquarie.[4][6]

The size of these forces varied over time and they were dispersed over a number geographically diverse locations, including Van Diemen's Land (later known as Tasmania), Port Phillip District (later Victoria), the Swan River Colony (later known as Western Australia),[7][8] South Australia,[9] Moreton Bay and Cape York in what later became Queensland,[10] and Melville Island and other places in modern-day Northern Territory.[11] Initially the garrison was formed by only one regiment (battalion equivalent), however, in 1824 it rose to three. At its peak, in the 1840s, there were between four and six, although this fell to two in the early 1850s and then to one by the end of the decade.[12] In the 1860s, British forces were limited to mainly garrison artillery,[8] although a force of 15 companies of British infantry remained until 1870 when the last British regiment was withdrawn.[13]

Ultimately, between 1810 and 1870 a total of 24 British Army infantry regiments served in Australia, along with detachments of the Royal Engineers and the Royal Artillery.[4][Note 1] No cavalry units were deployed, although detachments of infantry served as ad hoc mounted units when required. Royal Marines were also sent a number of times.[14] The length of each regiment's service varied, with the average being around seven years.[8] Nevertheless, some regiments, such as the 73rd and 46th served as little as three or four years, while others such as 99th served a total of 13.[13] Two regiments, the 40th and the 50th, served two tours.[13] The last regiment to leave was the 18th, which served the shortest tour, under a year, leaving in 1870.[13] They were not, however, the last British troops to leave Australia. The Royal Marines remained in Australia until 1913, serving on the ships of the Royal Navy's Australia Squadron, which was based in Sydney until the Royal Australian Navy was strong enough to take full responsibility for Australian waters.[15]

While deployed, British Army regiments undertook a variety of duties. This included guarding convict settlements,[16] hunting down bushrangers,[17] suppressing armed resistance by Indigenous Australians,[18] providing security on the goldfields,[19] assisting local police to maintain public order,[20] undertaking ceremonial duties and developing the nation's military defences.[16][21]

Regiments edit

Regimental designation[13] Arrived[13][Note 2] Departed[13] States served in[Note 3] Notes
73rd Regiment of Foot) 1810 1814 New South Wales and Tasmania.[13]
46th (South Devonshire) 1814 1818 New South Wales and Tasmania.[13]
48th (Northamptonshire) 1817 1824 New South Wales and Tasmania.[23][24]
3rd (East Kent) – The Buffs 1823 1827 New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and Northern Territory.[25][26]
40th (2nd Somerset) 1824 1829 New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and Queensland.[27] Served two tours in Australia. Reputed to have "seen more action in Australia than any other regiment", it took part in the Black War in 1824.[28] It later helped to put down the Eureka Rebellion in 1854.[13]
1852 1860
57th (West Middlesex) 1825 1832 New South Wales, Western Australia, Tasmania, Northern Territory, Victoria and Queensland.[10][28][29][30]
39th (Dorsetshire) 1827 1832 New South Wales, Western Australia and Tasmania.[29]
63rd (West Suffolk) 1829 1833 New South Wales, Western Australia and Tasmania.[31]
17th (Leicestershire) 1830 1836 New South Wales, Tasmania and Queensland.[32]
4th (King's Own) 1832 1837 New South Wales, Western Australia, Victoria and Tasmania.[13][30]
50th (West Kent) 1833 1841 New South Wales, Tasmania, Western Australia, and South Australia.[33] Served two tours in Australia.[13]
1866 1869
21st (Royal North British Fusiliers) 1833 1839 New South Wales, Western Australia and Tasmania.[33]
28th (North Gloucestershire) 1835 1842 New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland.[7][34][35] Sent to India after the First Anglo-Afghan War.[7]
80th (Staffordshire Volunteers) 1837 1844 New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia.[9][30]
51st (2nd Yorkshire West Riding) 1838 1846 New South Wales, Western Australia and Tasmania.[13]
96th (Manchester) 1841 1848 New South Wales, Tasmania and South Australia.[9][36]
99th (Wiltshire) 1843 1856 New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia.[35][37][38] The longest serving regiment.[8]
58th (Rutlandshire) 1844 1846 New South Wales.[13][34] Was sent to fight in New Zealand in 1845 before returning to Australia in 1846, remaining a further year until being sent back to New Zealand.[7]
11th (North Devonshire) 1845 1857 New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.[13][35]
65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) 1846 1849 New South Wales.[13]
12th (East Suffolk) 1854 1861 New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.[13][39] Took part in putting down the Eureka Rebellion in 1854.[13]
77th (East Middlesex) 1857 1858 New South Wales.[13] Was dispatched to fight in India during the Indian Mutiny.[7]
14th (Buckinghamshire) 1867 1869 New South Wales, Western Australia, Victoria and Tasmania.[13][39]
18th (Royal Irish) 1870 1870 New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.[13][39][40]

See also edit

Notes edit

Footnotes
  1. ^ Of these 24 regiments, two served second tours.[13] As a result of this, some sources sometimes provide the figure of 26 regiments.[4]
  2. ^ Between 1810 and 1840 British regiments were dispatched in waves, which arrived in Australia over a considerable period of time. As a result, sources vary as to the date that many regiments reached Australia.[22]
  3. ^ Modern-day states are referred to here for ease of reader understanding.
Citations
  1. ^ Grey 2008, p. 8.
  2. ^ Dennis et al 1995, p. 433.
  3. ^ Odgers 1988, p. 14.
  4. ^ a b c d Grey 2008, p. 13.
  5. ^ Kuring 2004, p. 5.
  6. ^ Dennis et al 1995, p. 121.
  7. ^ a b c d e Grey 2008, p. 17.
  8. ^ a b c d Dennis et al 1995, p. 122.
  9. ^ a b c Stanley 1986, p. 56.
  10. ^ a b Stanley 1986, p. 60.
  11. ^ Kuring 2004, p. 7.
  12. ^ Grey 2008, p. 14.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Odgers 1988, p. 17.
  14. ^ Stanley 1986, p. 86.
  15. ^ Stanley 1986, p. 76.
  16. ^ a b Kuring 2004, p. 6.
  17. ^ Stanley 1986, p. 26.
  18. ^ Stanley 1986, p. 30.
  19. ^ Stanley 1986, p. 66.
  20. ^ Stanley 1986, pp. 68–73.
  21. ^ Stanley 1986, p. 72.
  22. ^ Stanley 1986, p. 80.
  23. ^ Sargent 1995, p. 3.
  24. ^ Coulthard-Clark 1998, pp. 4–5.
  25. ^ Sargent 1995, p. 3 & 8.
  26. ^ Stanley 1986, p. 36.
  27. ^ Sargent 1995, p. 6 & 10.
  28. ^ a b Stanley 1986, p. 38.
  29. ^ a b Sargent 1995, p. 13.
  30. ^ a b c Ward 1989, p. 8.
  31. ^ Stanley 1986, p. 54.
  32. ^ Stanley 1986, p. 46.
  33. ^ a b Coulthard-Clark 1998, p. 10.
  34. ^ a b Stanley 1986, p. 81.
  35. ^ a b c Ward 1989, p. 9.
  36. ^ Coulthard-Clark 1998, p. 20.
  37. ^ Coulthard-Clark 1998, p. 22.
  38. ^ Austin 1982, p. 55.
  39. ^ a b c Ward 1989, p. 11.
  40. ^ Wyatt 1990, p. 55.

References edit

  • Austin, M (1982). "The Foundation of Australia's Army Reserves: 1788–1854 (Part 5)". Australian Defence Force Journal. 37 (November/December): 47–56. ISSN 1444-7150.
  • Coulthard-Clark, Chris (1998). Where Australians Fought: The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles (1st ed.). St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86448-611-2.
  • Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin; Connor, John (1995). The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History (1st ed.). Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-553227-9.
  • Grey, Jeffrey (2008). A Military History of Australia (3rd ed.). Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-69791-0.
  • Kuring, Ian (2004). Redcoats to Cams: A History of Australian Infantry 1788–2001. Loftus, New South Wales: Australian Military History Publications. ISBN 1-876439-99-8.
  • Odgers, George (1988). Army Australia: An Illustrated History. Frenchs Forest, New South Wales: Child & Associates. ISBN 0-86777-061-9.
  • Sargent, Clem (1995). "The Buffs in Australia – 1822 to 1827". Sabretache. XXXVI (January/March). Military Historical Society of Australia: 3–13. ISSN 0048-8933.
  • Stanley, Peter (1986). The Remote Garrison: The British Army in Australia. Kenthurst, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press. ISBN 0-86417-091-2.
  • Ward, George (1989). Victorian Land Forces 1853–1883. Sunshine, Victoria: Talkprint. ISBN 0-7316-3088-2.
  • Wyatt, Douglas (1990). A Lion in the Colony. Hobart, Tasmania: The 6th Military District Museum. ISBN 0-646-01177-4.

April 11, 2024
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The following is a list of British Army regiments that served in Australia between 1810 and 1870 From 1788 to 1790 the colony was defended by Royal Marines From 1790 to 1810 the colony was defended by the New South Wales Corps From 1810 to 1870 the colony was defended by British Army regiments The Royal Marines remained in Australia until 1913 after which the Royal Australian Navy was strong enough to take full responsibility for Australian waters British soldiers storming the Eureka stockade in 1854After the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788 the colony of New South Wales was initially defended by a force of three companies of marines 1 In 1790 this force was relieved by a specially raised corps known as the New South Wales Corps 2 which provided colonial defence until 1810 when they were returned to England following the events of the Rum Rebellion 3 After this regular British Army regiments were dispatched to the Australian colonies on a rotational basis 4 to serve as a colonial garrison for the next 60 years 5 The first regiment to arrive was the 73rd who were brought to colony to replace the New South Wales Corps by Lachlan Macquarie 4 6 The size of these forces varied over time and they were dispersed over a number geographically diverse locations including Van Diemen s Land later known as Tasmania Port Phillip District later Victoria the Swan River Colony later known as Western Australia 7 8 South Australia 9 Moreton Bay and Cape York in what later became Queensland 10 and Melville Island and other places in modern day Northern Territory 11 Initially the garrison was formed by only one regiment battalion equivalent however in 1824 it rose to three At its peak in the 1840s there were between four and six although this fell to two in the early 1850s and then to one by the end of the decade 12 In the 1860s British forces were limited to mainly garrison artillery 8 although a force of 15 companies of British infantry remained until 1870 when the last British regiment was withdrawn 13 Ultimately between 1810 and 1870 a total of 24 British Army infantry regiments served in Australia along with detachments of the Royal Engineers and the Royal Artillery 4 Note 1 No cavalry units were deployed although detachments of infantry served as ad hoc mounted units when required Royal Marines were also sent a number of times 14 The length of each regiment s service varied with the average being around seven years 8 Nevertheless some regiments such as the 73rd and 46th served as little as three or four years while others such as 99th served a total of 13 13 Two regiments the 40th and the 50th served two tours 13 The last regiment to leave was the 18th which served the shortest tour under a year leaving in 1870 13 They were not however the last British troops to leave Australia The Royal Marines remained in Australia until 1913 serving on the ships of the Royal Navy s Australia Squadron which was based in Sydney until the Royal Australian Navy was strong enough to take full responsibility for Australian waters 15 While deployed British Army regiments undertook a variety of duties This included guarding convict settlements 16 hunting down bushrangers 17 suppressing armed resistance by Indigenous Australians 18 providing security on the goldfields 19 assisting local police to maintain public order 20 undertaking ceremonial duties and developing the nation s military defences 16 21 Contents 1 Regiments 2 See also 3 Notes 4 ReferencesRegiments editRegimental designation 13 Arrived 13 Note 2 Departed 13 States served in Note 3 Notes73rd Regiment of Foot 1810 1814 New South Wales and Tasmania 13 46th South Devonshire 1814 1818 New South Wales and Tasmania 13 48th Northamptonshire 1817 1824 New South Wales and Tasmania 23 24 3rd East Kent The Buffs 1823 1827 New South Wales Victoria Tasmania and Northern Territory 25 26 40th 2nd Somerset 1824 1829 New South Wales Victoria Tasmania and Queensland 27 Served two tours in Australia Reputed to have seen more action in Australia than any other regiment it took part in the Black War in 1824 28 It later helped to put down the Eureka Rebellion in 1854 13 1852 186057th West Middlesex 1825 1832 New South Wales Western Australia Tasmania Northern Territory Victoria and Queensland 10 28 29 30 39th Dorsetshire 1827 1832 New South Wales Western Australia and Tasmania 29 63rd West Suffolk 1829 1833 New South Wales Western Australia and Tasmania 31 17th Leicestershire 1830 1836 New South Wales Tasmania and Queensland 32 4th King s Own 1832 1837 New South Wales Western Australia Victoria and Tasmania 13 30 50th West Kent 1833 1841 New South Wales Tasmania Western Australia and South Australia 33 Served two tours in Australia 13 1866 186921st Royal North British Fusiliers 1833 1839 New South Wales Western Australia and Tasmania 33 28th North Gloucestershire 1835 1842 New South Wales Victoria and Queensland 7 34 35 Sent to India after the First Anglo Afghan War 7 80th Staffordshire Volunteers 1837 1844 New South Wales Victoria and South Australia 9 30 51st 2nd Yorkshire West Riding 1838 1846 New South Wales Western Australia and Tasmania 13 96th Manchester 1841 1848 New South Wales Tasmania and South Australia 9 36 99th Wiltshire 1843 1856 New South Wales Tasmania Victoria Queensland and Western Australia 35 37 38 The longest serving regiment 8 58th Rutlandshire 1844 1846 New South Wales 13 34 Was sent to fight in New Zealand in 1845 before returning to Australia in 1846 remaining a further year until being sent back to New Zealand 7 11th North Devonshire 1845 1857 New South Wales Victoria and Tasmania 13 35 65th 2nd Yorkshire North Riding 1846 1849 New South Wales 13 12th East Suffolk 1854 1861 New South Wales Victoria and Tasmania 13 39 Took part in putting down the Eureka Rebellion in 1854 13 77th East Middlesex 1857 1858 New South Wales 13 Was dispatched to fight in India during the Indian Mutiny 7 14th Buckinghamshire 1867 1869 New South Wales Western Australia Victoria and Tasmania 13 39 18th Royal Irish 1870 1870 New South Wales Victoria and Tasmania 13 39 40 See also editColonial forces of AustraliaNotes editFootnotes Of these 24 regiments two served second tours 13 As a result of this some sources sometimes provide the figure of 26 regiments 4 Between 1810 and 1840 British regiments were dispatched in waves which arrived in Australia over a considerable period of time As a result sources vary as to the date that many regiments reached Australia 22 Modern day states are referred to here for ease of reader understanding Citations Grey 2008 p 8 Dennis et al 1995 p 433 Odgers 1988 p 14 a b c d Grey 2008 p 13 Kuring 2004 p 5 Dennis et al 1995 p 121 a b c d e Grey 2008 p 17 a b c d Dennis et al 1995 p 122 a b c Stanley 1986 p 56 a b Stanley 1986 p 60 Kuring 2004 p 7 Grey 2008 p 14 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Odgers 1988 p 17 Stanley 1986 p 86 Stanley 1986 p 76 a b Kuring 2004 p 6 Stanley 1986 p 26 Stanley 1986 p 30 Stanley 1986 p 66 Stanley 1986 pp 68 73 Stanley 1986 p 72 Stanley 1986 p 80 Sargent 1995 p 3 Coulthard Clark 1998 pp 4 5 Sargent 1995 p 3 amp 8 Stanley 1986 p 36 Sargent 1995 p 6 amp 10 a b Stanley 1986 p 38 a b Sargent 1995 p 13 a b c Ward 1989 p 8 Stanley 1986 p 54 Stanley 1986 p 46 a b Coulthard Clark 1998 p 10 a b Stanley 1986 p 81 a b c Ward 1989 p 9 Coulthard Clark 1998 p 20 Coulthard Clark 1998 p 22 Austin 1982 p 55 a b c Ward 1989 p 11 Wyatt 1990 p 55 References editAustin M 1982 The Foundation of Australia s Army Reserves 1788 1854 Part 5 Australian Defence Force Journal 37 November December 47 56 ISSN 1444 7150 Coulthard Clark Chris 1998 Where Australians Fought The Encyclopaedia of Australia s Battles 1st ed St Leonards New South Wales Allen amp Unwin ISBN 1 86448 611 2 Dennis Peter Grey Jeffrey Morris Ewan Prior Robin Connor John 1995 The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History 1st ed Melbourne Victoria Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 553227 9 Grey Jeffrey 2008 A Military History of Australia 3rd ed Port Melbourne Victoria Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 69791 0 Kuring Ian 2004 Redcoats to Cams A History of Australian Infantry 1788 2001 Loftus New South Wales Australian Military History Publications ISBN 1 876439 99 8 Odgers George 1988 Army Australia An Illustrated History Frenchs Forest New South Wales Child amp Associates ISBN 0 86777 061 9 Sargent Clem 1995 The Buffs in Australia 1822 to 1827 Sabretache XXXVI January March Military Historical Society of Australia 3 13 ISSN 0048 8933 Stanley Peter 1986 The Remote Garrison The British Army in Australia Kenthurst New South Wales Kangaroo Press ISBN 0 86417 091 2 Ward George 1989 Victorian Land Forces 1853 1883 Sunshine Victoria Talkprint ISBN 0 7316 3088 2 Wyatt Douglas 1990 A Lion in the Colony Hobart Tasmania The 6th Military District Museum ISBN 0 646 01177 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of British Army regiments that served in Australia between 1810 and 1870 amp oldid 1085108244, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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