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Liberal Union (Germany)

The Liberal Union (German: Liberale Vereinigung) was a short-lived liberal party in the German Empire. It originated in 1880 as a breakaway from the National Liberal Party and so was also called the Secession.[1] It merged with the left liberal German Progress Party to form the German Free-minded Party (German: Deutsche Freisinnige Partei, DFP) in 1884.

Liberal Union
Liberale Vereinigung
LeaderEduard Lasker
Founded1880; 143 years ago (1880)
Dissolved1884; 139 years ago (1884)
Split fromNational Liberal Party
Merged intoGerman Free-minded Party
IdeologyLiberalism
Parliamentarism
Economic liberalism
Political positionCentre to centre-right
Colours  Yellow

The leftist faction of the National Liberal Party expressed discontent with the party leadership's support for Otto von Bismarck's conservative government.[2] Most importantly, they supported free trade[1] whereas National Liberal leaders Rudolf von Bennigsen and Johann von Miquel sustained Bismarck's prohibitive tariffs strategy (Schutzzollpolitik). Other contentious points included the Anti-Socialist Laws (Sozialistengesetze),[3] the Kulturkampf against the Catholic Church and the septennial military budget (Septennat).

Eduard Lasker led the Secession.[2] Other notable members included Ludwig Bamberger, Berlin Mayor Max von Forckenbeck,[2] historian and future Nobel laureate Theodor Mommsen,[3] Friedrich Kapp, Theodor Barth, Heinrich Edwin Rickert[4] and Georg von Siemens.[3] The Liberal Union was a notables' party (Honoratiorenpartei [de]), having its electorate mainly amongst the North and East German upper classes, wholesale merchants and intellectuals. The organisational structure was rather loose. Nevertheless, the new grouping was initially successful, gaining 46 seats of the Reichstag in the 1881 federal election—as many as the preceding National liberals.[3]

Ultimately, the Secessionists planned to merge all German liberals into a single whole liberal party, hence the name Liberal Union, with liberal and parliamentary monarchist positions, modelled after the British Liberal Party and ideally to govern under a future Emperor Frederick III.[5] However, the National Liberals made clear they would not leave the majority loyal to Bismarck, therefore Secessionist representative Franz von Stauffenberg negotiated with Eugen Richter, the leader of the left liberal German Progress Party in early 1884. As early as in March 1884, both parties' legislators formed a joint parliamentary group with together 100 seats. Timely to the federal election in October, the German Free-minded Party was formed.[3] Subsequently, the parliamentary representation diminished to only 64 members of the Reichstag.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Eley, Geoff (1992), "Bismarckian Germany", Modern Germany Reconsidered: 1870-1945, Routledge, p. 17.
  2. ^ a b c Harris, James F. (1984), A Study in the Theory and Practice of German Liberalism: Eduard Lasker, 1829-1884, University Press of America, p. 38.
  3. ^ a b c d e . LeMO: Lebendiges Museum Online. Deutsches Historisches Museum. Archived from the original on 16 August 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2015..
  4. ^ Killy, Walther; Vierhaus, Rudolf (2005). Dictionary of German Biography, vol. 8. München. p. 306. ISBN 3-598-23298-5.
  5. ^ Nipperdey, Thomas (1995), Deutsche Geschichte 1866-1918, vol. II, C.H. Beck, p. 327.
Preceded by liberal German parties
1880-1884
Succeeded by

liberal, union, germany, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, liberal, union, germany, news, newspapers, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Liberal Union Germany news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Liberal Union German Liberale Vereinigung was a short lived liberal party in the German Empire It originated in 1880 as a breakaway from the National Liberal Party and so was also called the Secession 1 It merged with the left liberal German Progress Party to form the German Free minded Party German Deutsche Freisinnige Partei DFP in 1884 Liberal Union Liberale VereinigungLeaderEduard LaskerFounded1880 143 years ago 1880 Dissolved1884 139 years ago 1884 Split fromNational Liberal PartyMerged intoGerman Free minded PartyIdeologyLiberalismParliamentarismEconomic liberalismPolitical positionCentre to centre rightColours YellowPolitics of GermanyPolitical partiesElectionsThe leftist faction of the National Liberal Party expressed discontent with the party leadership s support for Otto von Bismarck s conservative government 2 Most importantly they supported free trade 1 whereas National Liberal leaders Rudolf von Bennigsen and Johann von Miquel sustained Bismarck s prohibitive tariffs strategy Schutzzollpolitik Other contentious points included the Anti Socialist Laws Sozialistengesetze 3 the Kulturkampf against the Catholic Church and the septennial military budget Septennat Eduard Lasker led the Secession 2 Other notable members included Ludwig Bamberger Berlin Mayor Max von Forckenbeck 2 historian and future Nobel laureate Theodor Mommsen 3 Friedrich Kapp Theodor Barth Heinrich Edwin Rickert 4 and Georg von Siemens 3 The Liberal Union was a notables party Honoratiorenpartei de having its electorate mainly amongst the North and East German upper classes wholesale merchants and intellectuals The organisational structure was rather loose Nevertheless the new grouping was initially successful gaining 46 seats of the Reichstag in the 1881 federal election as many as the preceding National liberals 3 Ultimately the Secessionists planned to merge all German liberals into a single whole liberal party hence the name Liberal Union with liberal and parliamentary monarchist positions modelled after the British Liberal Party and ideally to govern under a future Emperor Frederick III 5 However the National Liberals made clear they would not leave the majority loyal to Bismarck therefore Secessionist representative Franz von Stauffenberg negotiated with Eugen Richter the leader of the left liberal German Progress Party in early 1884 As early as in March 1884 both parties legislators formed a joint parliamentary group with together 100 seats Timely to the federal election in October the German Free minded Party was formed 3 Subsequently the parliamentary representation diminished to only 64 members of the Reichstag See also EditContributions to liberal theory Liberal democracy Liberalism Liberalism in Germany Liberalism worldwide List of liberal partiesReferences Edit a b Eley Geoff 1992 Bismarckian Germany Modern Germany Reconsidered 1870 1945 Routledge p 17 a b c Harris James F 1984 A Study in the Theory and Practice of German Liberalism Eduard Lasker 1829 1884 University Press of America p 38 a b c d e Liberale Vereinigung 1880 1884 LeMO Lebendiges Museum Online Deutsches Historisches Museum Archived from the original on 16 August 2014 Retrieved 16 August 2015 Killy Walther Vierhaus Rudolf 2005 Dictionary of German Biography vol 8 Munchen p 306 ISBN 3 598 23298 5 Nipperdey Thomas 1995 Deutsche Geschichte 1866 1918 vol II C H Beck p 327 Preceded byNational Liberal Party Germany liberal German parties1880 1884 Succeeded byGerman Free minded Party Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Liberal Union Germany amp oldid 1129775928, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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