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Marie-Anne Libert

April 17, 2024

"Lib." redirects here. For other uses, see Lib.

Marie-Anne Libert (born 7 April 1782 in Malmedy, province of Liège, died 14 January 1865 in Malmedy) was a Belgian botanist and mycologist. She was one of the first women plant pathologists. She is sometimes referred to as "Anne-Marie Libert".[1]

Marie-Anne Libert
Born(1782-04-07)7 April 1782
Malmedy, Holy Roman Empire
Died14 January 1865(1865-01-14) (aged 82)
Malmedy, Belgium
NationalityBelgian
Scientific career
FieldsBotany, mycology, plant pathology

Early life edit

Marie-Anne Libert was born in Malmedy in April 1782, twelfth of the thirteen children of Henri-Joseph Libert and his wife Marie-Jeanne-Bernadine Libert (née Dubois). The parents, educated members of the middle class who ran a tanning business, recognised her intellectual potential.[2] She was initially a pupil of the Sépulcrines of Malmedy. At the age of eleven her parents sent her to stay in Prüm in Germany to learn German and the violin, both of which she quickly mastered. Her father recognised his daughter's emerging interest in the exact sciences and taught her algebra and geometry, so that she could follow him into the business. She was enthusiastic and pushed the education well beyond the needs of commerce[citation needed].

At an age when other girls only wanted to amuse themselves, Marie-Anne Libert was motivated by a thirst for knowledge: everything interested her, she wanted to know everything[citation needed]. Nature drew her in particular; she spent long hours walking in the area of Malmedy, particularly in the High Fens. She observed, gathered many minerals and plants then identified them in her father's office, cataloguing and classifying them. As most reference works were written in Latin, she began to teach herself Latin.[3]

Botany and mycology edit

Her work in botany, or more precisely in cryptogams, of an undeniable scientific rigour, earned her an international reputation. She corresponded with scientists in Belgium and elsewhere. She also collaborated for a time with Dr. Lejeune of Verviers, who was preparing a catalogue of the plants of the Department of Ourthe. Lejeune introduced Libert to the Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramis de Candolle, who encouraged her to work on cryptogamic flora.[2] Libert's later produced a cryptogamic flora of the Ardennes.[2]

She was one of the first to identify the organism responsible for the "late blight" disease of the potato, which she named Botrytis vastatrix Lib. and of which she gave a detailed description in a report written in August 1845.[4] The German mycologist Anton de Bary built on this discovery, among other work, when he showed in 1876 that the oomycete, Phytophthora infestans as he renamed it, was the cause of late blight, and not the consequence as was still believed at the time.[5]

She also described several plant pathogenic Ascomycetes, including Alternaria cheiranthi (Lib.) PC Bolle (basionym: Helminthosporium cheiranthi Lib.) a pathogen of wallflower, and Fusarium coeruleum Lib. ex Sacc., the causative agent of dry rot of potato. In total, she described over 200 new taxa.[2]

Other interests edit

The study of ancient languages had directed her attention towards archaeology. In the last years of her life, when her age no longer allowed her to move around the countryside easily, she devoted considerable time to the history of the Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy. She gave to history and archeology the same scientific rigour as to her botanical studies, using all available sources.

In addition to her herbarium, she formed a remarkable collection of pearls obtained from large pearl mussels found in abundance in the river Amblève and its tributaries. She also assembled a large collection of coins.

This intense scientific activity was no obstacle to her involvement in the family business. She had the same determination as in her research, the same desire to do well. With her brothers, she was able to make a large extension to the small tannery which they had inherited from their parents. After a short illness, Marie-Anne Libert died in Malmedy on 14 January 1865.[3]

Honours edit

The taxa Libertia (a genus in the family Iridaceae), as well as Asterolibertia,[6] Libertiella and Myxolibertella (genera of ascomycete fungi),[7] were all named after her.[8]

The "Cercle naturaliste de la région de Malmedy", founded in 1951, which later became "Cercle Royal Marie-Anne Libert", took its name in her honour. In 1965, the centenary of her death, a stele decorated with a medallion bearing her likeness was erected in the Tanneries Park (Parc Marie-Anne Libert) in Malmedy.[3] A street in Malmedy (Rue Marie-Anne Libert) was named after her in 1925.[2]

In 1820 she became as associate member of the Société Linnéenne de Paris (Linnean Society of Paris), and Emperor Friedrich-Wilhelm III awarded her a gold medal of merit.[2] She was the first woman invited to join the Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique in 1862.[2]

Publications edit

Libert M-A (1813). Cryptogamie, In Flore des environs de Spa … vol. 2 (ALS Lejeune). Chez Duvivier, Liège, Belgium: 272–285.
Libert M-A (1820). Sur un genre nouveau de'Hépatiques, Lejeunia. Annales Générales des Sciences Physiques 6: 372–374.
Libert M-A (1827a). Mémoires sur des cryptogames observées aux environs de Malmedy. Secrétariat de la Société Linnéenne, Paris, France [preprint of Libert (1827b) and (1827c) combined, TL-2 4496].
Libert M-A (1827b). Illustration du genre Inoconia, dans la famille des Algues. Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Paris 5: 402–403. [Some details from Libert's description of Inoconia are reproduced by Du Mortier (1865)]
Libert M-A (1827c). Observations sur le genre Asteroma, et description de deux espèces appartenant à ce genre. Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Paris 5: 404–406.
Libert M-A (1829). Description d'un nouveau genre de champignons nommé Desmazierella. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 17: 82–83.
Libert M-A (1829–1830). Mémoire concernant les plantes cryptogames qui peuvent être réunies sous le nom d'Ascoxylacei. Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts de Lille: 174–176.
Libert M-A (1830–1837). Plantae cryptogamicae quas in Arduenna collegit M.A. Libert …, 4 vols. Typis Jacobi Desoer, Leodii [Liège, Luik], Belgium [TL-2 4497].
Libert M-A (1836). Précis des observations sur la famille des Hypoxylons. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 7: 121–125.

Works edit

  • (1826). Mémoires sur des cryptogames observées aux environs de Malmedy
  • (1830–1837). Plantae cryptogamicae quas in Arduenna collegit M. A. Libert. 4 volumes, i.e. exsiccata work
The standard author abbreviation Lib. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[9]

See also edit

Notes and references edit

  1. ^ Crépin, François (1878). Guide du botaniste en Belgique: (plantes vivantes et fossiles). G, Mayolez. p. 230.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Maroske, Sara; May, Tom W. (2018-03-01). "Naming names: the first women taxonomists in mycology". Studies in Mycology. Leading women in fungal biology. 89: 63–84. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2017.12.001. ISSN 0166-0616. PMC 6002341. PMID 29910514.
  3. ^ a b c "Historique du Cercle Royal Marie-Anne Libert". Archived from the original on 2012-06-30..
  4. ^ Pitrat, Michel; Foury, Claude (2003). Histoires de légumes : des origines à l'orée du XXIe siècle (in French). Éditions Quae. p. 170. ISBN 2738010660..
  5. ^ Widmark, Anna-Karin (2010). "The Late Blight Pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. Interaction with the Potato Plant and Inoculum Sources" (PDF). Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae – Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala..
  6. ^ "Asterolibertia G.Arnaud". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  7. ^ "Myxolibertella". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  8. ^ Burkhardt, Lotte (2022). Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen [Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names] (pdf) (in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin. doi:10.3372/epolist2022. ISBN 978-3-946292-41-8. S2CID 246307410. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
  9. ^ International Plant Names Index.  Lib.

Bibliography edit

  • Creese, Mary R. S.; Creese, Thomas M. (2004). Ladies in the Laboratory II: West European Women in Science, 1800–1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research. Scarecrow Press. pp. 101–104. ISBN 978-0-8108-4979-2.
  • Lawalrée, André (1965). Marie-Anne Libert, 1782–1865 : biographie, généalogie, bibliographie. Famille et Terroir. p. 126..

External links edit

April 17, 2024
marie, anne, libert, redirects, here, other, uses, born, april, 1782, malmedy, province, liège, died, january, 1865, malmedy, belgian, botanist, mycologist, first, women, plant, pathologists, sometimes, referred, anne, marie, libert, born, 1782, april, 1782mal. Lib redirects here For other uses see Lib Marie Anne Libert born 7 April 1782 in Malmedy province of Liege died 14 January 1865 in Malmedy was a Belgian botanist and mycologist She was one of the first women plant pathologists She is sometimes referred to as Anne Marie Libert 1 Marie Anne LibertBorn 1782 04 07 7 April 1782Malmedy Holy Roman EmpireDied14 January 1865 1865 01 14 aged 82 Malmedy BelgiumNationalityBelgianScientific careerFieldsBotany mycology plant pathology Contents 1 Early life 2 Botany and mycology 3 Other interests 4 Honours 5 Publications 6 Works 7 See also 8 Notes and references 9 Bibliography 10 External linksEarly life editMarie Anne Libert was born in Malmedy in April 1782 twelfth of the thirteen children of Henri Joseph Libert and his wife Marie Jeanne Bernadine Libert nee Dubois The parents educated members of the middle class who ran a tanning business recognised her intellectual potential 2 She was initially a pupil of the Sepulcrines of Malmedy At the age of eleven her parents sent her to stay in Prum in Germany to learn German and the violin both of which she quickly mastered Her father recognised his daughter s emerging interest in the exact sciences and taught her algebra and geometry so that she could follow him into the business She was enthusiastic and pushed the education well beyond the needs of commerce citation needed At an age when other girls only wanted to amuse themselves Marie Anne Libert was motivated by a thirst for knowledge everything interested her she wanted to know everything citation needed Nature drew her in particular she spent long hours walking in the area of Malmedy particularly in the High Fens She observed gathered many minerals and plants then identified them in her father s office cataloguing and classifying them As most reference works were written in Latin she began to teach herself Latin 3 Botany and mycology editHer work in botany or more precisely in cryptogams of an undeniable scientific rigour earned her an international reputation She corresponded with scientists in Belgium and elsewhere She also collaborated for a time with Dr Lejeune of Verviers who was preparing a catalogue of the plants of the Department of Ourthe Lejeune introduced Libert to the Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramis de Candolle who encouraged her to work on cryptogamic flora 2 Libert s later produced a cryptogamic flora of the Ardennes 2 She was one of the first to identify the organism responsible for the late blight disease of the potato which she named Botrytis vastatrix Lib and of which she gave a detailed description in a report written in August 1845 4 The German mycologist Anton de Bary built on this discovery among other work when he showed in 1876 that the oomycete Phytophthora infestans as he renamed it was the cause of late blight and not the consequence as was still believed at the time 5 She also described several plant pathogenic Ascomycetes including Alternaria cheiranthi Lib PC Bolle basionym Helminthosporium cheiranthi Lib a pathogen of wallflower and Fusarium coeruleum Lib ex Sacc the causative agent of dry rot of potato In total she described over 200 new taxa 2 Other interests editThe study of ancient languages had directed her attention towards archaeology In the last years of her life when her age no longer allowed her to move around the countryside easily she devoted considerable time to the history of the Principality of Stavelot Malmedy She gave to history and archeology the same scientific rigour as to her botanical studies using all available sources In addition to her herbarium she formed a remarkable collection of pearls obtained from large pearl mussels found in abundance in the river Ambleve and its tributaries She also assembled a large collection of coins This intense scientific activity was no obstacle to her involvement in the family business She had the same determination as in her research the same desire to do well With her brothers she was able to make a large extension to the small tannery which they had inherited from their parents After a short illness Marie Anne Libert died in Malmedy on 14 January 1865 3 Honours editThe taxa Libertia a genus in the family Iridaceae as well as Asterolibertia 6 Libertiella and Myxolibertella genera of ascomycete fungi 7 were all named after her 8 The Cercle naturaliste de la region de Malmedy founded in 1951 which later became Cercle Royal Marie Anne Libert took its name in her honour In 1965 the centenary of her death a stele decorated with a medallion bearing her likeness was erected in the Tanneries Park Parc Marie Anne Libert in Malmedy 3 A street in Malmedy Rue Marie Anne Libert was named after her in 1925 2 In 1820 she became as associate member of the Societe Linneenne de Paris Linnean Society of Paris and Emperor Friedrich Wilhelm III awarded her a gold medal of merit 2 She was the first woman invited to join the Societe Royale de Botanique de Belgique in 1862 2 Publications editLibert M A 1813 Cryptogamie In Flore des environs de Spa vol 2 ALS Lejeune Chez Duvivier Liege Belgium 272 285 Libert M A 1820 Sur un genre nouveau de Hepatiques Lejeunia Annales Generales des Sciences Physiques 6 372 374 Libert M A 1827a Memoires sur des cryptogames observees aux environs de Malmedy Secretariat de la Societe Linneenne Paris France preprint of Libert 1827b and 1827c combined TL 2 4496 Libert M A 1827b Illustration du genre Inoconia dans la famille des Algues Memoires de la Societe Linneenne de Paris 5 402 403 Some details from Libert s description of Inoconia are reproduced by Du Mortier 1865 Libert M A 1827c Observations sur le genre Asteroma et description de deux especes appartenant a ce genre Memoires de la Societe Linneenne de Paris 5 404 406 Libert M A 1829 Description d un nouveau genre de champignons nomme Desmazierella Annales des Sciences Naturelles 17 82 83 Libert M A 1829 1830 Memoire concernant les plantes cryptogames qui peuvent etre reunies sous le nom d Ascoxylacei Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de l Agriculture et des Arts de Lille 174 176 Libert M A 1830 1837 Plantae cryptogamicae quas in Arduenna collegit M A Libert 4 vols Typis Jacobi Desoer Leodii Liege Luik Belgium TL 2 4497 Libert M A 1836 Precis des observations sur la famille des Hypoxylons Annales des Sciences Naturelles 7 121 125 Works edit 1826 Memoires sur des cryptogames observees aux environs de Malmedy 1830 1837 Plantae cryptogamicae quas in Arduenna collegit M A Libert 4 volumes i e exsiccata workThe standard author abbreviation Lib is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name 9 See also editTimeline of women in scienceNotes and references edit Crepin Francois 1878 Guide du botaniste en Belgique plantes vivantes et fossiles G Mayolez p 230 a b c d e f g Maroske Sara May Tom W 2018 03 01 Naming names the first women taxonomists in mycology Studies in Mycology Leading women in fungal biology 89 63 84 doi 10 1016 j simyco 2017 12 001 ISSN 0166 0616 PMC 6002341 PMID 29910514 a b c Historique du Cercle Royal Marie Anne Libert Archived from the original on 2012 06 30 Pitrat Michel Foury Claude 2003 Histoires de legumes des origines a l oree du XXIe siecle in French Editions Quae p 170 ISBN 2738010660 Widmark Anna Karin 2010 The Late Blight Pathogen Phytophthora infestans Interaction with the Potato Plant and Inoculum Sources PDF Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Asterolibertia G Arnaud www gbif org Retrieved 22 June 2022 Myxolibertella www gbif org Retrieved 21 June 2022 Burkhardt Lotte 2022 Eine Enzyklopadie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names pdf in German Berlin Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Freie Universitat Berlin doi 10 3372 epolist2022 ISBN 978 3 946292 41 8 S2CID 246307410 Retrieved January 27 2022 International Plant Names Index Lib Bibliography editCreese Mary R S Creese Thomas M 2004 Ladies in the Laboratory II West European Women in Science 1800 1900 A Survey of Their Contributions to Research Scarecrow Press pp 101 104 ISBN 978 0 8108 4979 2 Lawalree Andre 1965 Marie Anne Libert 1782 1865 biographie genealogie bibliographie Famille et Terroir p 126 External links editEntry for Marie Anne Libert at IPNI Entry for Marie Anne Libert at Index Fungorum Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marie Anne Libert amp oldid 1186065254, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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