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Leslie C. Aiello

January 01, 1970

Leslie Crum Aiello FBA (born May 26, 1946, in Pasadena, California) is an American paleoanthropologist and professor emeritus of University College London. She was the president of Axel Lennart Wenner-Gren donated Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research from 2005 to 2017. In 2014, Aiello was elected to the American Philosophical Society.[1] She is currently[when?] president of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists.[2]

Biography edit

Beginning in 1964, Aiello studied anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles, earning a bachelor's degree, and later a master's degree (completed in 1970), in anthropology.[3] While working on her BA, she spent a year (1965–66) studying abroad at the University of Göttingen. She later received her PhD from the University of London in human evolution and anatomy.[3] Aiello remained at the University of London where she became a professor of biological anthropology in 1995. During this time, she was the co-managing editor for the Journal of Human Evolution (1993-1999). She was the head of the UCL Anthropology Department (1996-2002) and the UCL Graduate School (2002-2005).[3]

Aiello is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Zoological Society of London and, since 2011, a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and, since 2014, the American Philosophical Society.[4]

She co-wrote the textbook, An Introduction to Human Evolutionary Anatomy,[5] which uses the fossil record to predict the ways early hominids moved, ate and looked. She is now[when?] the president of the Manhattan-based Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research.[6]

Overall, Aiello has had 21 publications in the fields of physiology, anatomy and archaeology (under anthropology). She also has collaborated with 25 co-authors between 1981 and 2010.[7]

Research areas edit

Aiello studies evolutionary anthropology with focuses on human adaptation and life history, as well as the evolution of the brain, diet, language and cognition, and locomotion and its energetic costs. She has also researched Paleolithic hominids and their thermoregulation and climate adaptation.

In collaboration with Peter Wheeler, she developed the expensive tissue hypothesis, regarding early humans, according to which there is an inverse correlation between the increase in brain size during human evolution and the parallel reduction of the digestive tract as a result of richer protein animal foods. Another idea she posited was that higher reproductive costs would be the effect of this increase in brain size, which was compensated by the females increasing in size faster than the males. She highlighted that terrestriality (movement of early hominids from forest to savannahs) is the oldest stage that led to human civilization. The second stage was bipedialism and the third is encephalization (evoking larger brains). Aiello identified social implications of meat eating, one of which is food sharing, which does not happen often in primates, which strengthens the bond between female and offspring. The other societal implication is that meat eating likely led to division of labor between males and females (males hunting, females caring for dependent young). Meat eating did not cause larger brains, but simply made them possible.[6][8]

Aiello emphasized that a large brain, long legs and the creation and use of tools probably evolved together, but not as a single package at the beginning of the lineage of Homo, especially in Australopithecus ancestors. Therefore, early humans were able to change with their changing environmental conditions, which allowed them to survive and spread from Africa around 1.85 million years ago. Aiello has said, "taken together, these data suggest that species of early Homo were more flexible in their dietary choices than other species." And, "their flexible diet — probably containing meat — was aided by stone tool-assisted foraging that allowed our ancestors to exploit a range of resources." Flexibility is a hallmark of human biology.[9]

Wenner-Gren Foundation edit

Aiello is currently[when?] the president of the Wenner-Gren Foundation. It was founded in 1941 in New York to support anthropological research in human origins. Every year it gives a total of $5 million in grants to further this research. "One of the real welcome trends in the field has been integrating other lines of study … to give us a much richer understanding of early humans."[10] It founded the journal Current Anthropology which it continues to publish. The foundation seeks to support all areas of anthropology and other related disciplines that are concerned with human development, origins and variation.[11]

American Association of Physical Anthropologists edit

Aiello is the president of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA). In 2016, she received the Gabriel W Lasker Service Award in recognition of excellence in service to the AAPA, its members and the field of physical anthropology.

Published works: Selecta edit

  • "The Expensive Tissue Hypothesis: Co-evolution of the brain and the digestive system in humans and other primates", International Journal of Anthropology, 9:3, 1994, p 166, doi: 10.1007/BF02575406
  • Peter Wheeler: "The Expensive Tissue Hypothesis: The Brain and the Digestive System in Human and Primate Evolution", Current Anthropology, 36:2, 1995, pp 199–221, doi: 10.1086/204350
  • "Brains and Guts in Human Evolution: The Expensive Tissue Hypothesis", Brazilian Journal of Genetics, 201, 1997, p 141–148, doi: 10.1590/S0100-84551997000100023
  • "The expensive tissue hypothesis and the evolution of the human adaptive niche: a study in comparative anatomy", Justine Bayley (ed.), Science in Archaeology. Agenda for the Future of English Heritage, London 1998, pp 25–36, ISBN 1-85074-693-1
  • with N. Bates and T. Joffe: "The expensive tissue hypothesis revisited", American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 104, Supplement 24, 1997, p 62
  • with N. Bates and T. Joffe: "In defense of the expensive tissue hypothesis: ontogeny, maternal care and organ size", Dean Falk, Kathleen R. Gibson (ed.), Evolutionary Anatomy of the Primate Cerebral Cortex, Cambridge University Press., Cambridge 2001, pp 57–78, ISBN 0-521-64271-X
  • Cathy Key: "The energetic Consequences of being a female Homo erectus", American Journal of Human Biology, 14:5, 2002, pp 551–565. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.10069
  • Jonathan CK Wells: "Energetics and the evolution of the genus Homo", Annual Review of Anthropology, 31, 2002, pp 323–338, doi: 10.1146/annurev.anthro.31.040402.085403
  • with WEH Harcourt-Smith: "Fossils, feet and the evolution of human bipedal locomotion", Journal of Anatomy, 204:5, 2004, pp 403–416. doi : 10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00296. x, Full Text
  • "Five years of Homo floresiensis", American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 142:2, 2010, pp 167–179, doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21255

References edit

  1. ^ "APS Member History". American Philosophical Society]. Retrieved April 7, 2019.
  2. ^ "Executive". American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Retrieved April 7, 2019.
  3. ^ a b c "Professor Leslie C. Aiello". The Wenner-Gren Foundation. March 9, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
  4. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
  5. ^ Aiello, Leslie; Dean, Christopher (1990). An Introduction to Human Evolutionary Anatomy. Academic Press. ISBN 9780120455911. ASIN 0120455919.
  6. ^ a b Ireland, Corydon (April 3, 2008). "Eating meat led to smaller stomachs, bigger brains". Harvard Gazette. Retrieved May 15, 2019.
  7. ^ "Leslie C. Aiello". Microsoft Academic. Retrieved May 25, 2016. [dead link]
  8. ^ Leslie Aiello; Peter Wheeler (1995). "The Expensive Tissue Hypothesis: The Brain and the Digestive System in Human and Primate Evolution". Current Anthropology. 36 (2): 199–221. doi:10.1086/204350. S2CID 144317407.
  9. ^ "Smithsonian Scientist and Collaborators Revise Timeline of Human Origins". Smithsonian. July 3, 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2019.
  10. ^ Mary Caperton Morton (May 15, 2015). "The new anthropology: From bones and stones to biology and behavior". Earth. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
  11. ^ "About". Wenner-Gren Foundation. Retrieved May 25, 2016.


January 01, 1970
leslie, aiello, leslie, crum, aiello, born, 1946, pasadena, california, american, paleoanthropologist, professor, emeritus, university, college, london, president, axel, lennart, wenner, gren, donated, wenner, gren, foundation, anthropological, research, from,. Leslie Crum Aiello FBA born May 26 1946 in Pasadena California is an American paleoanthropologist and professor emeritus of University College London She was the president of Axel Lennart Wenner Gren donated Wenner Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research from 2005 to 2017 In 2014 Aiello was elected to the American Philosophical Society 1 She is currently when president of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists 2 Contents 1 Biography 2 Research areas 3 Wenner Gren Foundation 4 American Association of Physical Anthropologists 5 Published works Selecta 6 ReferencesBiography editBeginning in 1964 Aiello studied anthropology at the University of California Los Angeles earning a bachelor s degree and later a master s degree completed in 1970 in anthropology 3 While working on her BA she spent a year 1965 66 studying abroad at the University of Gottingen She later received her PhD from the University of London in human evolution and anatomy 3 Aiello remained at the University of London where she became a professor of biological anthropology in 1995 During this time she was the co managing editor for the Journal of Human Evolution 1993 1999 She was the head of the UCL Anthropology Department 1996 2002 and the UCL Graduate School 2002 2005 3 Aiello is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Zoological Society of London and since 2011 a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and since 2014 the American Philosophical Society 4 She co wrote the textbook An Introduction to Human Evolutionary Anatomy 5 which uses the fossil record to predict the ways early hominids moved ate and looked She is now when the president of the Manhattan based Wenner Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research 6 Overall Aiello has had 21 publications in the fields of physiology anatomy and archaeology under anthropology She also has collaborated with 25 co authors between 1981 and 2010 7 Research areas editAiello studies evolutionary anthropology with focuses on human adaptation and life history as well as the evolution of the brain diet language and cognition and locomotion and its energetic costs She has also researched Paleolithic hominids and their thermoregulation and climate adaptation In collaboration with Peter Wheeler she developed the expensive tissue hypothesis regarding early humans according to which there is an inverse correlation between the increase in brain size during human evolution and the parallel reduction of the digestive tract as a result of richer protein animal foods Another idea she posited was that higher reproductive costs would be the effect of this increase in brain size which was compensated by the females increasing in size faster than the males She highlighted that terrestriality movement of early hominids from forest to savannahs is the oldest stage that led to human civilization The second stage was bipedialism and the third is encephalization evoking larger brains Aiello identified social implications of meat eating one of which is food sharing which does not happen often in primates which strengthens the bond between female and offspring The other societal implication is that meat eating likely led to division of labor between males and females males hunting females caring for dependent young Meat eating did not cause larger brains but simply made them possible 6 8 Aiello emphasized that a large brain long legs and the creation and use of tools probably evolved together but not as a single package at the beginning of the lineage of Homo especially in Australopithecus ancestors Therefore early humans were able to change with their changing environmental conditions which allowed them to survive and spread from Africa around 1 85 million years ago Aiello has said taken together these data suggest that species of early Homo were more flexible in their dietary choices than other species And their flexible diet probably containing meat was aided by stone tool assisted foraging that allowed our ancestors to exploit a range of resources Flexibility is a hallmark of human biology 9 Wenner Gren Foundation editAiello is currently when the president of the Wenner Gren Foundation It was founded in 1941 in New York to support anthropological research in human origins Every year it gives a total of 5 million in grants to further this research One of the real welcome trends in the field has been integrating other lines of study to give us a much richer understanding of early humans 10 It founded the journal Current Anthropology which it continues to publish The foundation seeks to support all areas of anthropology and other related disciplines that are concerned with human development origins and variation 11 American Association of Physical Anthropologists editAiello is the president of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists AAPA In 2016 she received the Gabriel W Lasker Service Award in recognition of excellence in service to the AAPA its members and the field of physical anthropology Published works Selecta edit The Expensive Tissue Hypothesis Co evolution of the brain and the digestive system in humans and other primates International Journal of Anthropology 9 3 1994 p 166 doi 10 1007 BF02575406 Peter Wheeler The Expensive Tissue Hypothesis The Brain and the Digestive System in Human and Primate Evolution Current Anthropology 36 2 1995 pp 199 221 doi 10 1086 204350 Brains and Guts in Human Evolution The Expensive Tissue Hypothesis Brazilian Journal of Genetics 201 1997 p 141 148 doi 10 1590 S0100 84551997000100023 The expensive tissue hypothesis and the evolution of the human adaptive niche a study in comparative anatomy Justine Bayley ed Science in Archaeology Agenda for the Future of English Heritage London 1998 pp 25 36 ISBN 1 85074 693 1 with N Bates and T Joffe The expensive tissue hypothesis revisited American Journal of Physical Anthropology 104 Supplement 24 1997 p 62 with N Bates and T Joffe In defense of the expensive tissue hypothesis ontogeny maternal care and organ size Dean Falk Kathleen R Gibson ed Evolutionary Anatomy of the Primate Cerebral Cortex Cambridge University Press Cambridge 2001 pp 57 78 ISBN 0 521 64271 X Cathy Key The energetic Consequences of being a female Homo erectus American Journal of Human Biology 14 5 2002 pp 551 565 doi 10 1002 ajhb 10069 Jonathan CK Wells Energetics and the evolution of the genus Homo Annual Review of Anthropology 31 2002 pp 323 338 doi 10 1146 annurev anthro 31 040402 085403 with WEH Harcourt Smith Fossils feet and the evolution of human bipedal locomotion Journal of Anatomy 204 5 2004 pp 403 416 doi 10 1111 j 0021 8782 2004 00296 x Full Text Five years of Homo floresiensis American Journal of Physical Anthropology 142 2 2010 pp 167 179 doi 10 1002 ajpa 21255References edit APS Member History American Philosophical Society Retrieved April 7 2019 Executive American Association of Physical Anthropologists Retrieved April 7 2019 a b c Professor Leslie C Aiello The Wenner Gren Foundation March 9 2010 Retrieved May 25 2016 APS Member History search amphilsoc org Retrieved March 12 2021 Aiello Leslie Dean Christopher 1990 An Introduction to Human Evolutionary Anatomy Academic Press ISBN 9780120455911 ASIN 0120455919 a b Ireland Corydon April 3 2008 Eating meat led to smaller stomachs bigger brains Harvard Gazette Retrieved May 15 2019 Leslie C Aiello Microsoft Academic Retrieved May 25 2016 dead link Leslie Aiello Peter Wheeler 1995 The Expensive Tissue Hypothesis The Brain and the Digestive System in Human and Primate Evolution Current Anthropology 36 2 199 221 doi 10 1086 204350 S2CID 144317407 Smithsonian Scientist and Collaborators Revise Timeline of Human Origins Smithsonian July 3 2014 Retrieved May 15 2019 Mary Caperton Morton May 15 2015 The new anthropology From bones and stones to biology and behavior Earth Retrieved May 25 2016 About Wenner Gren Foundation Retrieved May 25 2016 Retrieved from https en 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