Leroy Carr
Leroy Carr (March 27, 1904[1] or 1905 – April 29, 1935)[2] was an American blues singer, songwriter and pianist who developed a laid-back, crooning technique and whose popularity and style influenced such artists as Nat King Cole and Ray Charles. Music historian Elijah Wald has called him "the most influential male blues singer and songwriter of the first half of the 20th century".[3] He first became famous for "How Long, How Long Blues", his debut recording released by Vocalion Records in 1928.[4][5]
Leroy Carr | |
|---|---|
| Background information | |
| Born | March 27, 1904 or 1905 Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Died | April 29, 1935 (aged 30–31) Indianapolis, Indiana |
| Genres | Blues |
| Occupation(s) |
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| Instrument(s) |
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| Years active | 1920s–1935 |
| Labels | |
Life and career edit
Leroy Carr was born March 27, 1905[6] in Nashville, Tennessee.[7] His parents were John Carr, a laborer at Vanderbilt University, and Katie Lytle, a domestic worker.[6] After his parents separated, Carr moved to Indianapolis, Indiana with his mother. Carr was a self-taught piano player.[8] After dropping out of high school, Carr travelled with a circus, and in the early 1920s served in the U.S. Army.[9][10] Carr returned to Indianapolis and worked in a meat-packing plant.[6] He was married and had one daughter.[6] Carr was convicted of bootlegging and served a year at the Indiana State Penitentiary.[6]
Carr had a longtime partnership with the guitarist Scrapper Blackwell.[5] His light bluesy piano combined with Blackwell's melodic jazz guitar attracted a sophisticated black audience. The two recorded with Vocalion Records beginning in the 1920s. His first hit was "How Long, How Long Blues", recorded in 1928.[11] Elijah Wald described Carr's music as "carefully written, blending soulful poetry with wry humor, and his music had a light, lilting swing that could shift in a moment to a driving boogie. Rather than Smith's vaudeville jazz combos or Jefferson's idiosyncratic country picking, Carr sang over the solid beat of his piano and the biting guitar of his constant partner Francis (Scrapper) Blackwell. The outcome was a hip, urban club style that signaled a new era in popular music".[12]
Carr was among the most prolific and popular blues artists between 1928 and 1935. His recording career was cut short by his early death, but he produced a large body of work.[4] Some of his most famous songs include "Papa's on the House Top" (1931), "When the Sun Goes Down" (1931), "Blues Before Sunrise" (1932), "Midnight Hour Blues" (1932), and "Hurry Down Sunshine" (1934). He recorded for Vocalion until he signed with Victor's Bluebird imprint, where he made his final recordings.
Last recordings and death edit
Carr had a severe alcohol addiction.[7] His last recording session was held in Chicago on February 25, 1935, in which the reportedly temperamental Blackwell stormed out before the session was finished and Carr recorded his final song, "Six Cold Feet in the Ground", as a solo.
Two months after the session, and a month after his 30th birthday, he died of nephritis and was buried in Floral Park Cemetery[7] in Indianapolis.[13]
Legacy edit
Carr's vocal style moved blues singing toward an urban sophistication, influencing such singers as T-Bone Walker, Charles Brown, Amos Milburn, Jimmy Witherspoon, and Ray Charles, among others.[14]
Count Basie and Jimmy Rushing recorded some of Carr's songs, and Basie's band shows the influence of Carr's piano style.[15]
Carr's music has been recorded by a long list of artists, including Robert Johnson, Ray Charles, Big Bill Broonzy, Moon Mullican, Champion Jack Dupree, Lonnie Donegan, Long John Baldry, Memphis Slim, Barrelhouse Chuck and Eric Clapton.[citation needed]
Carr was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1982.[16]
Partial album discography edit
- Blues Before Sunrise (Columbia, 1962)
- Masters of the Blues, vol. 12 (Collector's Classics, 1971)
- Leroy Carr 1928–34 (K.O.B., 1971)
- Leroy Carr & Scrapper Blackwell: Naptown Blues 1929–1934 (Yazoo, 1973)
- Singin' the Blues 1937 (Biograph, 1973)
- Leroy Carr, vol. 2 (Collector's Classics, 197?)
- Don't Cry When I'm Gone (The Piano Blues, vol. 7) (Magpie, 1978)
- Leroy Carr 1928 (Matchbox, 1983)
- Leroy Carr & Scrapper Blackwell: Great Piano-Guitar Duets (1929–1935) (Old Tramp, 1987)
- Leroy Carr 1929–1934 (Document, 1988)
- Leroy Carr & Scrapper Blackwell 1929–1935 (Best of Blues, 1989)
- Leroy Carr & Scrapper Blackwell 1930–1958 (RST, 1989)
- Naptown Blues (Aldabra, 1992)
- Leroy Carr, vols. 1–6 (Document, 1992)
- Leroy Carr, vols. 1–2 (The Piano Blues series) (Magpie, 1992)
- Southbound Blues (Drive, 1994)
- Hurry Down Sunshine (Indigo, 1995)
- Naptown Blues (Orbis, 1996)
- Leroy Carr & Scrapper Blackwell: How Long Blues 1928–1935 (Blues Collection, 1997)
- American Blues Legend (Charly, 1998)
- Sloppy Drunk (Catfish, 1998)
- Prison Bound Blues (Snapper, 2001)
- P-Vine Presents 21 Blues Giants: Leroy Carr (P-Vine, 2001)
- The Essential Leroy Carr (Document, 2002)
- Whiskey Is My Habit, Women Is All I Crave (Columbia, 2004)
- Leroy Carr & Scrapper Blackwell: The Early Recordings of an Innovative Blues Master, vol. 1, 1928–1934 (JSP, 2008)
- How Long How Long Blues (Wolf, 2008)
- When the Sun Goes Down 1934–1941 (JSP, 2011)
References edit
- ^ Eagle, Bob L.; LeBlanc, Eric S. (2013). Blues: A Regional Experience. ABC-CLIO. p. 152. ISBN 978-0313344244.
- ^ O'Neal, Jim. "Leroy Carr: Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
- ^ Wald, Elijah. "Leroy Carr – "The Bluesman Who Behaved Too Well"". Elijah Wald. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
- ^ a b Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. pp. 52–53. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
- ^ a b Giles Oakley (1997). The Devil's Music. Da Capo Press. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-306-80743-5.
- ^ a b c d e Williams, David L. (2014). Indianapolis Jazz: The Masters, Legends and Legacy of Indiana Avenue (Kindle ed.). Arcadia Publishing Inc. p. 48.
- ^ a b c Colin Larkin, ed. (1997). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music (Concise ed.). Virgin Books. p. 230. ISBN 1-85227-745-9.
- ^ Hitchcock, Paul (September 15, 2017). "Leroy Carr". Morehead State Public Radio. Retrieved January 11, 2023.
- ^ Greenblatt, Mike. "Before there was hip-hop, there was LeRoy Carr". Goldmine. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
- ^ "Leroy Carr / Francis Scrapper Blackwell". thebluestrail.com. Retrieved January 11, 2023.
- ^ Wald 2010, pp. 659.
- ^ Wald, Elijah. "Leroy Carr". Elijah Wald. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
- ^ Long, Kyle (October 27, 2015). "A Cultural Manifesto: Indy's musical graves". Nuvo. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
- ^ Shaw, Arnold (1978). Honkers and Shouters. New York City: Macmillan. pp. 8–9. ISBN 0-02-061740-2.
- ^ Keil, Charles (1991). Urban Blues. University of Chicago Press. pp. 65–67, 107. ISBN 0-226-42960-1.
- ^ "Award Winners and Nominees". Blues Hall of Fame. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
Bibliography edit
- Wald, Elijah (2004). Escaping the Delta: Robert Johnson and the Invention of the Blues. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-052423-5.
- Wald, Elijah (2010). The Blues. A Very Short Introduction (Kindle ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539893-9.
External links edit
- Illustrated Carr discography
- Leroy Carr Biography on Blues Foundation