"Golden Law" redirects here. Not to be confused with The Golden Rule.
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The Lei Áurea was preceded by the Rio Branco Law of 28 September 1871 ("the Law of Free Birth"), which freed all children born to slave parents, and by the Saraiva-Cotegipe Law (also known as "the Law of Sexagenarians"), of 28 September 1885, that freed slaves when they reached the age of 60. Brazil was the last country in the Western world to abolish slavery.[1]
Aside from the activities of abolitionists, there were a number of reasons for the signing of the law: slavery was no longer profitable, as the wages of European immigrants, whose working conditions were poor, cost less than the upkeep of slaves, and the decline in the arrival of new slaves.
Art. 1.º: É declarada extinta desde a data desta lei a escravidão no Brasil. Art. 2.º: Revogam-se as disposições em contrário. (Article 1: From the date of this law, slavery is declared extinct in Brazil. Article 2: All dispositions to the contrary are revoked.)
Analysisedit
Commemorative statue of 121 years of abolition in Botucatu, Brazil.
The succinctness of the law was intended to make clear that there were no conditions of any kind to the freeing of all slaves. However, it did not provide any support to either freed slaves or their former owners to adjust their lives to their new status: slave owners did not receive any state indemnification, and slaves did not receive any kind of compensation from owners or assistance from the state.
Before the abolition of slavery, slaves were prohibited from owning assets or receiving an education; but after being freed, former slaves were left to make their own way in the world. Without education or political representation, former slaves struggled to gain economic and social status in Brazilian society.
The Lei Áurea was authored by Rodrigo A. da Silva, then Minister of Agriculture in the cabinet headed by prime minister João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira, and member of the Chamber of Deputies. After passing both houses of the National Assembly, it was sanctioned by Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (1846–1921), who was regent at the time, while her father, emperor Pedro II, was in Europe.
The Golden Law was signed by the princess imperial and countersigned by Rodrigo A. da Silva, in his capacity as Minister of Agriculture. Princess Isabel, who was a staunch supporter of the abolitionist movement, was awarded the Golden Rose by Pope Leo XIII and minister Rodrigo A. da Silva received honors from the Vatican, France and Portugal. In August 1888 Rodrigo A. da Silva went on to be chosen for a lifetime seat in the Senate of the Empire.
The Lei Áurea had other consequences besides the freeing of all slaves; without slaves and lacking workers, the plantation owners had to recruit workers elsewhere and thus organized, in the 1890s, the Sociedade Promotora de Imigração ("Society for the Promotion of Immigration"). Another effect was an uproar among Brazilian slave owners and upper classes, resulting in the toppling of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic in 1889 – the Lei Áurea is often regarded as the most immediate (but not the only) cause of the fall of monarchy in Brazil.
^ abCandido, M. P. (2007). "Lei Áurea". Encyclopedia of emancipation and abolition in the Transatlantic world. London, United Kingdom: Routledge.
^Schwartz, Stuart B. (1996). Slaves, Peasants, and Rebels Reconsidering Brazilian Slavery. University of Illinois Press. p. 1. ISBN978-0-252-06549-1.
^"The "Golden Law" Abolishing Slavery in Brazil". Encyclopedia of emancipation and abolition in the Transatlantic world. London, United Kingdom: Routledge. 2007.
External linksedit
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February 16, 2024
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Golden Law redirects here Not to be confused with The Golden Rule This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Lei Aurea news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese May 2021 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Portuguese article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 1 500 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at pt Lei Aurea see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated pt Lei Aurea to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Lei Aurea Portuguese pronunciation ˈlej ˈawɾiɐ English Golden Law officialy Law No 3 353 of 13 May 1888 is the law that abolished slavery in Brazil It was signed by Isabel Princess Imperial of Brazil 1846 1921 an opponent of slavery who acted as regent to emperor Pedro II who was in Europe 1 2 Lei AureaGolden LawManuscript of the Lei AureaBrazilian National ArchivesGeneral Assembly of the Empire of BrazilLong title Law No 3 353 of 13 May 1888CitationLaw No 3 353 of 13 May 1888Territorial extentEmpire of BrazilPassed byGeneral Assembly of the Empire of BrazilPassed12 May 1888Enacted13 May 1888Signed byIsabel Princess Imperial of BrazilIntroduced byRodrigo Augusto da SilvaSummaryDeclares slavery extinct in Brazil The Lei Aurea was preceded by the Rio Branco Law of 28 September 1871 the Law of Free Birth which freed all children born to slave parents and by the Saraiva Cotegipe Law also known as the Law of Sexagenarians of 28 September 1885 that freed slaves when they reached the age of 60 Brazil was the last country in the Western world to abolish slavery 1 Contents 1 Background 2 Text 3 Analysis 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksBackground editAside from the activities of abolitionists there were a number of reasons for the signing of the law slavery was no longer profitable as the wages of European immigrants whose working conditions were poor cost less than the upkeep of slaves and the decline in the arrival of new slaves Text editThe text of the Lei Aurea was brief 3 Art 1 º E declarada extinta desde a data desta lei a escravidao no Brasil Art 2 º Revogam se as disposicoes em contrario Article 1 From the date of this law slavery is declared extinct in Brazil Article 2 All dispositions to the contrary are revoked Analysis edit nbsp Commemorative statue of 121 years of abolition in Botucatu Brazil The succinctness of the law was intended to make clear that there were no conditions of any kind to the freeing of all slaves However it did not provide any support to either freed slaves or their former owners to adjust their lives to their new status slave owners did not receive any state indemnification and slaves did not receive any kind of compensation from owners or assistance from the state Before the abolition of slavery slaves were prohibited from owning assets or receiving an education but after being freed former slaves were left to make their own way in the world Without education or political representation former slaves struggled to gain economic and social status in Brazilian society The Lei Aurea was authored by Rodrigo A da Silva then Minister of Agriculture in the cabinet headed by prime minister Joao Alfredo Correia de Oliveira and member of the Chamber of Deputies After passing both houses of the National Assembly it was sanctioned by Isabel Princess Imperial of Brazil 1846 1921 who was regent at the time while her father emperor Pedro II was in Europe The Golden Law was signed by the princess imperial and countersigned by Rodrigo A da Silva in his capacity as Minister of Agriculture Princess Isabel who was a staunch supporter of the abolitionist movement was awarded the Golden Rose by Pope Leo XIII and minister Rodrigo A da Silva received honors from the Vatican France and Portugal In August 1888 Rodrigo A da Silva went on to be chosen for a lifetime seat in the Senate of the Empire The Lei Aurea had other consequences besides the freeing of all slaves without slaves and lacking workers the plantation owners had to recruit workers elsewhere and thus organized in the 1890s the Sociedade Promotora de Imigracao Society for the Promotion of Immigration Another effect was an uproar among Brazilian slave owners and upper classes resulting in the toppling of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic in 1889 the Lei Aurea is often regarded as the most immediate but not the only cause of the fall of monarchy in Brazil See also editThirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Emancipation Proclamation Post abolition in BrazilReferences edit a b Candido M P 2007 Lei Aurea Encyclopedia of emancipation and abolition in the Transatlantic world London United Kingdom Routledge Schwartz Stuart B 1996 Slaves Peasants and Rebels Reconsidering Brazilian Slavery University of Illinois Press p 1 ISBN 978 0 252 06549 1 The Golden Law Abolishing Slavery in Brazil Encyclopedia of emancipation and abolition in the Transatlantic world London United Kingdom Routledge 2007 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lei Aurea Slavery in Brazil UNESCO Memory of the World programme Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lei Aurea amp oldid 1200286184, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
