The lake lamprey, Entosphenus macrostomus, also known as the Vancouver lamprey or Cowichan lamprey, a recent derivative of the Pacific lamprey,[3] is a species of freshwater lamprey endemic to two North American lakes: Lake Cowichan and Mesachie Lake in Vancouver Island, Canada.[4] The lamprey was originally called the Vancouver Island lamprey, until an error in filing shortened it to the Vancouver lamprey. The alternate common name of "Cowichan lamprey" was coined and promoted by the species' describer, Dr. Dick Beamish, who originally identified the species in the 1980s.[5]
An adult lake lamprey is dark blue or dark brown with a lighter belly, and the body is 11.8-27.3 cm in length. The lamprey's disc-like mouth is filled with sharp teeth. The Vancouver lamprey has eyes on the top of its head, two dorsal fins, a caudal fin, and an anal fin.[6]
Distribution and habitatedit
The lake lamprey is found only in the Cowichan and Mesachie Lakes on Vancouver Island, and is not migratory. The lamprey lives and spawns in shallow gravel areas and typically remains in the lake rather than venturing up streams. The ammocoetes larvae are found in silt depositions along the shores of both lakes.[3] They have been found to be capable of surviving in saltwater through experimentation, but remain in fresh water in the wild.[7] An estimated 1,000 to 2,000 live in the entirety of the two lakes as adults.[8]
Sketch of lake lamprey clinging to prey
Dietedit
The adults of several lamprey species, including those of the lake lamprey, are hematophagous predators that latch onto other fish species to feed on their bodily fluids. Young salmonids such as cutthroat trout and the coho salmon are common prey. Wounds have been known to penetrate into the body cavity of hosts, though the majority of prey are only scarred and are not fatally wounded. Only 15% of prey are mortally injured from lamprey feedings. Lampreys are one of the leading predators of salmonids, as shown by the high frequency of salmonids with scars (50-80%) found in the lakes.[7]
Reproductionedit
Lampreys breed once in their lives around 8 years of age. Spawning is from May to August in shallow gravel bars or the mouths of creeks in their respective lake. Over 10,000 eggs are produced in 2 to 3 weeks. The ammocoetes larvae can be found in silt, mud, or sand with relatively still water, and feed on fine organic materials.[7] These larvae undergo a metamorphosis after 5 to 6 years to become adult lampreys. The adult lifespan is only 2 more years before they return to gravel lake shores to spawn.
Referencesedit
^Van Der Laan, Richard; Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ronald (11 November 2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (1): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
^Froese, R.; Pauly, D. (2017). "Petromyzontidae". FishBase version (02/2017). Retrieved 18 May 2017.
^ abMcPhail, John (2007). The Freshwater Fishes of British Columbia. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: The University of Alberta Press. pp. 8–11. ISBN978-0-88864-467-1.
^Smith, K. (2017). "Entosphenus macrostoma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T11208A81468224. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T11208A81468224.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
^"The Vancouver Lamprey (aka the Cowichan Lamprey) | Cowichan Watershed Board". www.cowichanwatershedboard.ca. Retrieved 2016-07-22.
^"Aquatic Species - Details for Vancouver Lamprey". Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 2010-11-17. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
^Docker, Margaret (2013-05-07). "Proposed Recovery Strategy for Vancouver Lamprey". Species at Risk Public Registry. British Columbia Ministry of Environment. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
Further readingedit
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2012). "Entosphenus macrostomus" in FishBase. April 2012 version.
January 01, 1970
lake, lamprey, lake, lamprey, entosphenus, macrostomus, also, known, vancouver, lamprey, cowichan, lamprey, recent, derivative, pacific, lamprey, species, freshwater, lamprey, endemic, north, american, lakes, lake, cowichan, mesachie, lake, vancouver, island, . The lake lamprey Entosphenus macrostomus also known as the Vancouver lamprey or Cowichan lamprey a recent derivative of the Pacific lamprey 3 is a species of freshwater lamprey endemic to two North American lakes Lake Cowichan and Mesachie Lake in Vancouver Island Canada 4 The lamprey was originally called the Vancouver Island lamprey until an error in filing shortened it to the Vancouver lamprey The alternate common name of Cowichan lamprey was coined and promoted by the species describer Dr Dick Beamish who originally identified the species in the 1980s 5 Lake lamprey A Spawning male and B Spawning female Conservation status Endangered IUCN 3 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Infraphylum Agnatha Class Hyperoartia Order Petromyzontiformes Family Petromyzontidae Genus Entosphenus Species E macrostomus Binomial name Entosphenus macrostomus Beamish 1982 Synonyms 1 2 Lampetra macrostoma Beamish 1982 Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Diet 4 Reproduction 5 References 6 Further readingDescription editAn adult lake lamprey is dark blue or dark brown with a lighter belly and the body is 11 8 27 3 cm in length The lamprey s disc like mouth is filled with sharp teeth The Vancouver lamprey has eyes on the top of its head two dorsal fins a caudal fin and an anal fin 6 Distribution and habitat editThe lake lamprey is found only in the Cowichan and Mesachie Lakes on Vancouver Island and is not migratory The lamprey lives and spawns in shallow gravel areas and typically remains in the lake rather than venturing up streams The ammocoetes larvae are found in silt depositions along the shores of both lakes 3 They have been found to be capable of surviving in saltwater through experimentation but remain in fresh water in the wild 7 An estimated 1 000 to 2 000 live in the entirety of the two lakes as adults 8 nbsp Sketch of lake lamprey clinging to preyDiet editThe adults of several lamprey species including those of the lake lamprey are hematophagous predators that latch onto other fish species to feed on their bodily fluids Young salmonids such as cutthroat trout and the coho salmon are common prey Wounds have been known to penetrate into the body cavity of hosts though the majority of prey are only scarred and are not fatally wounded Only 15 of prey are mortally injured from lamprey feedings Lampreys are one of the leading predators of salmonids as shown by the high frequency of salmonids with scars 50 80 found in the lakes 7 Reproduction editLampreys breed once in their lives around 8 years of age Spawning is from May to August in shallow gravel bars or the mouths of creeks in their respective lake Over 10 000 eggs are produced in 2 to 3 weeks The ammocoetes larvae can be found in silt mud or sand with relatively still water and feed on fine organic materials 7 These larvae undergo a metamorphosis after 5 to 6 years to become adult lampreys The adult lifespan is only 2 more years before they return to gravel lake shores to spawn References edit Van Der Laan Richard Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ronald 11 November 2014 Family group names of Recent fishes Zootaxa 3882 1 1 230 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 3882 1 1 PMID 25543675 Froese R Pauly D 2017 Petromyzontidae FishBase version 02 2017 Retrieved 18 May 2017 a b McPhail John 2007 The Freshwater Fishes of British Columbia Edmonton Alberta Canada The University of Alberta Press pp 8 11 ISBN 978 0 88864 467 1 Smith K 2017 Entosphenus macrostoma IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 e T11208A81468224 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 3 RLTS T11208A81468224 en Retrieved 16 November 2021 The Vancouver Lamprey aka the Cowichan Lamprey Cowichan Watershed Board www cowichanwatershedboard ca Retrieved 2016 07 22 Aquatic Species Details for Vancouver Lamprey Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2010 11 17 Retrieved 22 July 2016 a b c Entosphenus macrostomus summary page FishBase Retrieved 2016 07 22 Docker Margaret 2013 05 07 Proposed Recovery Strategy for Vancouver Lamprey Species at Risk Public Registry British Columbia Ministry of Environment Retrieved 22 June 2016 Further reading editFroese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2012 Entosphenus macrostomus in FishBase April 2012 version Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lake lamprey amp oldid 1076554698, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
