Lal Sena (1974–1990,[1][3]English: Red Army) was an organised armed militia of CPIML Liberation in northeastern India, across the terrains of central Bihar, north-west of today's Jharkhand, and a few districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh. It was formed mainly by lower caste (middle and lower class) peasantry and landless labourers.
In 1960s, when the Naxalite movement[4] started under the leadership of Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist),[5] the poor peasantry and agricultural labourers who belonged mainly to the lower castes started taking side with the communists in central Bihar across the districts of Bhojpur, Gaya, Nalanda, Patna and Aurangabad. Several violent armed clashes occurred between the landlords and poor/landless peasantry. In 1970s, CPI (ML) faced hard offence from central and state governments throughout India and splintered into several ML factions. In 1974, one of the ML factions was able to hold on to the grounds and reorganised itself into the CPI(ML) Liberation political party.[6] Meanwhile, the landlords/landowners most of whom economically were from upper class peasantry (mainly upper caste ) organised themselves based on caste lines into several landlord gentries. In retaliation Lal Sena guerrilla armed squads, were organised by then underground CPI (ML) Liberation.[7][8][9]
After 2005edit
Since the late 2000s, Lal Sena's squad activity has been curtailed. The CPI (ML) Liberation party's movements took a militant but democratic approach through legalised workers, peasants, students, youth and women organisations, as noted by Dr. Sanjay K. Jha:[10]
"The CPI-ML (Liberation), which had a formidable presence in the central parts of undivided Bihar, decided to function as an over ground political party in 1992. It was stated that "the party does not rule out the possibility under a set of exceptional national and international circumstances, the balance of social and economic forces may even permit peaceful transfer of central power to revolutionary forces". It was, however, added that the party must prepare itself for winning the ultimate decisive victory through an armed struggle", though it admitted that the situation was not ripe for such a movement. Reports suggest that it still maintains underground squad in some regions. The party also has a string of organizations to mobilize students, women and workers. They are: All India Students Association, Bihar Pradesh Kisan Sabha, All India Coordination Committee of Trade Unions, All India Progressive Women's Association and Jan Sanskritik Manch."
^ ab"Private caste armies in Bihar, South Asia Terrorism Portal". www.satp.org. from the original on 2017-03-13. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
^"The Dalits | Still untouchable". from the original on 2016-12-21. Retrieved 2016-12-15.
^Rammohan, E.N. (2012–2013). "The Naxalite Maoist Insurgency". Studies in International Strategic Issues (Vol. XIV, No. III & Vol. XV No. I). from the original on 2018-05-12.
^"Naxalite Maoist Insurgency In India History Essay". UKEssays. from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
^"Naxalbari: The Beginning – Indian Express". archive.indianexpress.com. from the original on 2017-04-30. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
^. Hindustan Times. 2003-05-09. Archived from the original on 2016-12-29. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
^"Private caste armies in Bihar, South Asia Terrorism Portal". www.satp.org. from the original on 2017-03-13. Retrieved 2016-12-10.
^"Chronology of Massacres in Central Bihar (1977–2001), South Asia Terrorism Portal". www.satp.org. from the original on 2017-04-09. Retrieved 2016-12-10.
^"Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation Major AchievementsCommunist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation". cpiml.org. from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-12-15.
^"Naxalite Movement in Bihar and Jharkhandtc". asthabharati.org. from the original on 2016-12-11. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
November 11, 2023
sena, 1974, 1990, english, army, organised, armed, militia, cpiml, liberation, northeastern, india, across, terrains, central, bihar, north, west, today, jharkhand, districts, eastern, uttar, pradesh, formed, mainly, lower, caste, middle, lower, class, peasant. Lal Sena 1974 1990 1 3 English Red Army was an organised armed militia of CPIML Liberation in northeastern India across the terrains of central Bihar north west of today s Jharkhand and a few districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh It was formed mainly by lower caste middle and lower class peasantry and landless labourers Lal Sena ल ल स न Active1974 1976 1 Traces of activity till 1990s 2 AllegianceCPI ML LiberationTypeArmed Guerilla SquadRoleLand Seizure from the landlords Guerilla warfare Contents 1 Background 2 After 2005 3 See also 4 ReferencesBackground editIn 1960s when the Naxalite movement 4 started under the leadership of Communist Party of India Marxist Leninist 5 the poor peasantry and agricultural labourers who belonged mainly to the lower castes started taking side with the communists in central Bihar across the districts of Bhojpur Gaya Nalanda Patna and Aurangabad Several violent armed clashes occurred between the landlords and poor landless peasantry In 1970s CPI ML faced hard offence from central and state governments throughout India and splintered into several ML factions In 1974 one of the ML factions was able to hold on to the grounds and reorganised itself into the CPI ML Liberation political party 6 Meanwhile the landlords landowners most of whom economically were from upper class peasantry mainly upper caste organised themselves based on caste lines into several landlord gentries In retaliation Lal Sena guerrilla armed squads were organised by then underground CPI ML Liberation 7 8 9 After 2005 editSince the late 2000s Lal Sena s squad activity has been curtailed The CPI ML Liberation party s movements took a militant but democratic approach through legalised workers peasants students youth and women organisations as noted by Dr Sanjay K Jha 10 The CPI ML Liberation which had a formidable presence in the central parts of undivided Bihar decided to function as an over ground political party in 1992 It was stated that the party does not rule out the possibility under a set of exceptional national and international circumstances the balance of social and economic forces may even permit peaceful transfer of central power to revolutionary forces It was however added that the party must prepare itself for winning the ultimate decisive victory through an armed struggle though it admitted that the situation was not ripe for such a movement Reports suggest that it still maintains underground squad in some regions The party also has a string of organizations to mobilize students women and workers They are All India Students Association Bihar Pradesh Kisan Sabha All India Coordination Committee of Trade Unions All India Progressive Women s Association and Jan Sanskritik Manch See also editRanvir Sena Kuer Sena List of communist parties in IndiaReferences edit a b Private caste armies in Bihar South Asia Terrorism Portal www satp org Archived from the original on 2017 03 13 Retrieved 2016 12 13 The Dalits Still untouchable Archived from the original on 2016 12 21 Retrieved 2016 12 15 Rammohan E N 2012 2013 The Naxalite Maoist Insurgency Studies in International Strategic Issues Vol XIV No III amp Vol XV No I Archived from the original on 2018 05 12 Naxalite Maoist Insurgency In India History Essay UKEssays Archived from the original on 2016 12 20 Retrieved 2016 12 12 Naxalbari The Beginning Indian Express archive indianexpress com Archived from the original on 2017 04 30 Retrieved 2016 12 12 History of Naxalism Hindustan Times 2003 05 09 Archived from the original on 2016 12 29 Retrieved 2016 12 12 Private caste armies in Bihar South Asia Terrorism Portal www satp org Archived from the original on 2017 03 13 Retrieved 2016 12 10 Chronology of Massacres in Central Bihar 1977 2001 South Asia Terrorism Portal www satp org Archived from the original on 2017 04 09 Retrieved 2016 12 10 Communist Party of India Marxist Leninist Liberation Major AchievementsCommunist Party of India Marxist Leninist Liberation cpiml org Archived from the original on 2016 12 20 Retrieved 2016 12 15 Naxalite Movement in Bihar and Jharkhandtc asthabharati org Archived from the original on 2016 12 11 Retrieved 2016 12 13 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lal Sena amp oldid 1083381808, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
