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L'Assiette au Beurre

November 28, 2023

L'Assiette au Beurre (literally The Butter Plate,[1] and roughly translating to the English expression pork barrel[2][a]) was an illustrated French weekly satirical magazine with anarchist political leanings that was chiefly produced between 1901 and 1912. It was revived as a monthly for a time and ceased production in 1936.

L'Assiette au Beurre
L'Assiette au Beurre issue 1; cover designed by Théophile Steinlen.
Format25 cm × 32 cm (9.8 in × 12.6 in)
FounderSamuel-Sigismond Schwarz; subsequent directors: André de Joncières & Georges Anquetil
Founded4 April 1901
Final issue1936
CountryFrance
Based inParis
LanguageFrench
ISSN2021-0558
OCLC1514496

The magazine's caricature and editorial cartoon content was drawn from a varied cadre of illustrator-contributors of many backgrounds and disparate artistic styles. The content often focused on socialist and anarchist ideas. The first series expired on 15 October 1912. A second series was published between 1921 and 1925 on a monthly basis, eventually becoming a single supplement.

At the time of its founding near the start of the twentieth century, France was divided on crucial issues such as the extension of military service, revanchism (the call of French nationalists to avenge and reclaim from Germany the annexed territories of Alsace-Lorraine), right of association, separation of church and state, freedom of speech, and the emergence of new and radical political and social ideas in France such as revolutionary syndicalism, antimilitarism, anti-clericalism, Proletarian internationalism, feminism and the rise of labour law, which were all subjects of feature in the magazine.

L'Assiette au Beurre is a valuable iconographic testament of the Belle Époque ("Beautiful Era") period in France, characterized by optimism, peace at home and in Europe, new technology and scientific discoveries. Georges Wolinski (killed in the terrorist attack on Charlie Hebdo), indicated in 2011 that his magazine's work was the legacy of L'Assiette au Beurre.[3]

Description edit

From its first appearance, L'Assiette au Beurre registered as a departure in form from other French humor publications. Each issue was made up of chiefly two- or three-color-inked cartoons and caricatures, given full- or sometimes double-page placement (instead of the more common quarter page real estate granted to such content in related French publications), with each installment containing a minimum of 16 illustrated pages. Special editions held up to 48 pages. Images were published from original drawings using a zincography, planographic printing process.

Periodically, a single artist was chosen for an issue to provide a variety of panels on a specific topic, making that issue a veritable collected album for that illustrator. Sometimes a team was employed as well. According to Kevin C. Robbins in Roving Anarchists Flâneurs: The Visual Politics of Popular Protest via Parisian Street Art in L'Assiette au beurre (1900-1914), "For the most sardonic of multi-media exploits, Assiette staff paired artists with noted, left-wing essayists, poets, or novelists who provided suggestions for timely or provocative captions for each image submitted."[4]

History edit

Founding edit

 
Cover of L'Assiette au Beurre no. 88 (6 December 1902), composed by Benjamin Rabier. Bêtes et gens translates to "man and beast".

Samuel Sigismond Schwarz [b] was the magazine's founder and director. Schwarz was a Jewish immigrant to France from Hungary, becoming a French naturalized citizen.[5]

After arriving in Paris in 1878, Schwarz became a book broker, specializing in the work of Victor Hugo through association with Paul Meurice. He later managed and was the editor of Le Frou Frou (1900-1923), another French humorist periodical that famously featured Picasso sketches, as well as Le Tutu[c] and Le Pompon[d] — magazines also in the humorist vein and known to have had anti-Dreyfusard leanings.[6] Sigismund established a presence in 1895 at 9 rue Sainte-Anne in Paris as an editor of serial novels and later opened a retail space on behalf of Librairie Schwarz, located at 58 Rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin.

He launched the first issue of L'Assiette au Beurre on 4 April 1901, priced at 25 centimes; it did not have a specific theme, which later editions often did. The front cover illustration titled "Caisse de grève" ("Strike Fund") was by Théophile Steinlen and referred to the labour movement in the communes of Montceau-les-Mines and the involvement of Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau, among other Interior Ministers. Other illustrations appearing in the first edition include one by Adolphe Willette depicting the signing of an illustrated letter that plays on the idiomatic meaning of "L'Assiette au Beurre" – to lines one pockets.[7]

This was followed by a Jean Veber drawing occupying two pages, and then by works by Charles Léandre, Gustave-Henri Jossot, Steinlein, Jacques Villon, Charles Huard, Hermann Vogel, Pierre-Georges Jeanniot, Henri-Gabriel Ibels, František Kupka, Auguste Roubille and finally by a Hermann-Paul drawing. Although there was little accompanying text, and no clear anarchist theme to the content, the first issue's tone is fiercely satirical and disrespectful of institutions and the affluent; a trend that increased in later editions.

At inception, L'Assiette au Beurre contained no advertising in its body, but was circulated with a 4-page insert, showcasing Sigismund periodicals and literary productions, as well as editions of classic books, to be purchased directly or through a subscription.

Developments edit

Starting with the fourth issue's cover, the graphic presentation was changed to emulate that of a newspaper. Such typographical variation was quite unusual in the media of the day, though Cocorico had previously paved the way by giving their designers freedom to innovate in the manner. Issue no. 14 was the first to take up a theme, conveyed by its title: "La guerre" ("War"). It was illustrated with 14 lithographs signed by Hermann Paul.

 
n° 14, 4 July 1901

The first special edition of the magazine, released in February 1902, sold for 1 franc and was headlined and took up the theme of "empoisonneurs patentés" ("Patented Poisoners" – referring to a cause célèbre in the France of the time that regarded the practice of tainting milk by adding filler, such as impure water, to increase profits). Júlio Tomás Leal da Câmara, a Portuguese painter and cartoonist who was famous in the Paris of the Belle Epoque, produced the cover, and the issue lambasted the industry for its tainted milk and other industrial food practices that were a fraud on the public. In December 1903, the paper starts printing a "false" cover without images, to guard against censorship, and at the same time to offer advertisements on the back cover.

One of the more unusual issues artistically and in format was no. 48, entitled "Crimes et châtiments" ("Crime and Punishment"). Published on 1 March 1902, and composed by Félix Vallotton, it consists of 23 lithographs printed only on the front and perforated to make each etching detachable, thus rendering it a true album of prints. The selling price was increased to 50 centimes. The format was never repeated, making it a unique feature in the magazine's run.

The first issues sold between 25,000 and 40,000 copies and garnered a profit. In 1902, Sigismund recorded sales approaching 250,000 copies. However, at the end of that year, the publication experienced its first failure linked to poor sales of some of its other titles but managed to recapitalize its newspaper group.[4]

 
Issue no. 242, featuring Gabriele Galantara (18 November 1905).

In October 1903, at a time when business in general appeared to be going wrong for Sigismund, he passed management of the magazine over to a certain "de Boulay". The quality of the content held up under his stewardship, as did its sales. In August 1904, management was taken over by Charles Bracquart, followed by one E. Victor. The magazine's printing was moved to a more modern location at 62 rue de Provence – the offices of the established art magazine L’Épreuve, administered since at least 1903 by André Joncières, the heir to a large fortune. In January 1905, the management weekly was taken over by Joncières, who remained in control until October 1912. Joncières introduced advertising and derivative products (post cards, almanacs, calendars, etc.). The magazine's last address was 51 rue du Rocher. The penultimate issue (593) should never have appeared and had the ultimate theme "Les Vieilles Filles" ("Old Girls").[8]

Between 1907 and 1912 Joncières broadened the magazine's appeal abroad by incorporating material about organizations such as the Second International, the CGT and various European socialist parties; the printing of Franco-German and Franco-English special issues, with bilingual captions; inviting outside cartoonists to contribute; and by coverage of significant socio-political events, such as the great French general strike of September 1911.

Decline of the series (1910-1912) edit

L'Assiette au Beurre is a periodical demanding an artistic point of view, and its production cost was significant from the outset. From 1910-1911, the production values suffered due to financial troubles. Joncières subsidized the magazine with his fortune in an attempt to keep the price to 50 centimes. The last issue of the first series, no. 594, came out on 12 October 1912. The first series comprised 593 numbers, excluding special issues.

Joncières died in August 1920. Georges Anquetil revived L'Assiette au Beurre on 20 November 1921 in a monthly edition. From October 1925 to January 1927, the white Blackbird makes its literary supplement. Subsequently, editions were more scarce until 1936 where the title disappears officially, although between 1943 and 1944 some reprisal editions were published containing content from the first series.

First series illustrators edit

L'Assiette au Beurre was primarily a work of illustrators; more than 9,600 discrete drawing were produced.[9]

Contributing writers edit

L'Assiette au Beurre at times had contributions from prominent writers:

Themes edit

The purpose of an anarchist, satirical weekly, that considers itself transgressive, is of course to mock forms of authorities of all stripes; the targets ran the map: autocrats, the rich, the military, police, artists and writers, scientists, academicians, politicians, priests and believers, often through fierce caricatures. At least in its early stages the magazine maintained a focus on political issues through its drawings, sometimes anti-semitic (in 1902, Judaism was skewered) and often anti-freemasonry[11] and anti-imperialism.[12] The plutocracy was systematically attacked. L'Assiette au Beurre employed more than two hundred artists of an international character. Social issues, often taboo, were also included, such as the death penalty, trafficking of children, sexuality, or even of the themes of daily life such as "L'argent" ("money"), "Le gaz" (gas"), "La police [et ses excès]" (the police and their excesses]), "L'alcool" ("alcohol"), "Paris la nuit" ("Paris by night"), and many others.

List of theme issues edit

  • No. 26: "Les camps de reconcentration du Transvaal" ("Concentration Camps in the South African Republic"), by Jean Veber, 1901.
  • No. 30: "La prostitution" ("Prostitution"), by Kees van Dongen, 26 October 1901.
  • No. 41: "L'argent" ("Money"), by Kupka, 11 January 1902.
  • No. 42: "Les tueurs de la route" ("The Road Killers"), by Weiluc, 18 January 1902.
  • No. 48: "Crimes et châtiments" ("Crime and Punishment")", by Félix Vallotton, 1 March 1902.
  • No. 88: "Bêtes et gens" ("Man and Beast"), by Benjamin Rabier, 6 décembre 1902.
  • No. 101: "Les Académisables", by Camara, 7 March 1903.
  • No. 108: "Esthètes" ("Aesthetes"), by Paul Iribe, 25 avril 1903.
  • No. 110: "Colonisons ! L'Algérie aux Algériens" ("Colonize! the Algeria Algerians"), by Jules Grandjouan, May 1903.
  • No. 112: "La police" ("The police"), by Camara, Jules Grandjouan, Georges d'Ostoya, Léon Fourment, Lengo, 23 May 1903.
  • No. 156: "Les refroidis" ("The Frozen"), by Jossot, 26 March 1904 (le conformisme social).
  • No. 173: "Asiles et fous" (Asylums and the Mad"), by Aristide Delannoy, 23 July 1904.
  • No. 178: "La graine" ("The Seed"), by Jossot, 27 août 1904 (sur le contrôle des naissances).
  • No. 201: "Le Tzar rouge" ("The Red Tzar"), by divers dessinateurs don't Galanis, 4 février 1905 (la révolution russe de 1905).
  • No. 214: "La grève" (Strike"), by Bernard Naudin et Jules Grandjouan, 6 May 1905.
  • No. 263: "La liberté" ("Freedom of the Press"), by Roger Sadrin, 14 April 1906.
  • No. 324: "Europa, numéro illustré international" ("Europa International Illustrated Number"), 15 June 1907.[13]
  • No. 348: "La prison de la Petite Roquette", text by Miguel Almereyda; illustrations d'Aristide Delannoy, 30 November 1907.[14]
  • No. 374: "Zola au Panthéon" ("Zola at the Pantheon"), by Georges d'Ostoya, 30 May 1908 (regarding the Dreyfus Affair).
  • No. 389: "L'enfance coupable" ("Guilty Childhood"), by Bernard Naudin, 12 September 1908.
  • No. 435: "Le grand soir" ("The Big Night"), text by Émile Pataud; illustrations by André Hellé, 7 May 1910.
  • No. 510: "Promenade dans Paris, le Sacré-Cœur" ("A Walk through the Sacred Heart of Paris") 7 January 1911.
  • No. 582: "Les Compensations" ("Compensation"), by Henry Valensi, 4 November 1911.

Special editions and supplements edit

  • "Les Empoisonneurs patentés - Les falsificateurs de lait" ("Patented Poisoners - the Milk Tainters), 48 pages, 1901.
  • "Le cas de M. Monis" ("The Case of Mr. Monis"), No. 7, 8 pages, 21 May 1901 by Adolphe Willette.
  • "Supplément littéraire [la guerre]" ("Literary Supplement [The War]"),[l] No. 14, 8 pages, 4 July 1901.
  • "Tartines de l'Assiette au beurre" ("Bread of the Butter plate"), 6 deliveries from 19 September 1901, composed by Camille de Sainte-Croix and illustrations by Maurice Feuillet.
  • "La Foire aux croutes" (Frequently Asked Crusts") by Paul Iribe and Ernest La Jeunesse, 32 pages, June 1902 (issue nos. 62 and 63).
  • "Les Masques" ("The Masks"), No. 8, 17 February and 7 April 1906.
  • "L'Almanach de l'Assiette au beurre" ("The Butter Plate Almanac"), December 1906.
  • "Madame la Baronne et sa famille, l'arbre généalogique" ("Madame la Baronne, her Family and Family Tree") by Maurice Radiguet, 1909.
  • "Une page d'Espagne (L'assassinat de Ferrer)" ("A page from Spain (The assassination of Ferrer"), 1909.
  • "Le Grand Paon" ("The Great Peacock") by Maurice Radiguet and Galanis, 1910.

Readership and impact edit

The per issue price was relatively average for a weekly of its quality at the start: 25 centimes (on average 4 times the price of a non-illustrated daily), though the price would increase to up to 60 centimes depending on the number of pages. The price base was revised upward in May 1901 (30 cents per regular issue) and in 1905 again to 50 centimes, after Sigismund withdrew. The price iwas judged too high by some, including Jules Grandjouan, who ultimately wrote to Joncières about the issue.

In February 1906, Senator René Bérenger, nicknamed " Père la Pudeur" ("Father Modesty") championed a bill focused on child prostitution: under this pretext, he sought to censor what was deemed pornographic and obscene. With its legality uncertain, the in April 1908 the Chambre des députés (Chamber of Deputies), placed the sale of L'Assiette au Beurre under threat of police sanction. A sales ban was instituted in railway stations (to "protéger les yeux chastes de certains publics" ("protect the chaste eyes of the public"), while some of its composers were even arrested (e.g. Jules Grandjouan) and spent a few days in prison.

Footnotes edit

  1. ^
    According to W.M. Morton in the 1913 book Problems of Power, the titular idiomatic expression in French refers "to the desire of all French citizens to be given a place at the budgetary buffet and to be allowed to 'put their fingers in the pies' as often and as conveniently as they like".[15]
  2. ^
    Sigmund Samuel Schwarz was born 2 March 1858 in Miskolc.[16]
  3. ^
    Priced at 10 centimes, Le Tutu is a "humoristique hebdomadaire illustré" ("Illustrated weekly satirical") offering more than forty drawings in a less luxurious but more accessible format than Le Frou-Frou.
  4. ^
    Priced at 10 centimes, Le Pompon is a "hebdomadaire illustré militaire" ("military weekly illustrated") containing cartoons chiefly of barracks humor that "peut être lu par tous" ("can be read by all").[17]
  5. ^
    "L'Assiette au Beurre", was formerly used as an alternate title of a show produced in 1885, in relation to the Incoherents art movement.
  6. ^
    Unique drawings by this artist appear in L'Assiette au Beurre issue no. 151 (20 February 1904) regarding the Russo-Japanese War (cf. S. Applebaum, 1978 "The Artists", notice 1). He created postcard illustrations during this time period.
  7. ^
    "Andrisek" as the artist was credited in L'Assiette au Beurre, is thought to be the pseudonym of Austrian artist Ferdinand Andri (1871-1956). Andrisek illustrations appeared in issues 532, 541 and 564-570.
  8. ^
    "Apa" is the Pseudonym of Barcelona artist Feliú Elías i Bracons (1878-1948); he designed issue no. 553.
  9. ^
    Mysterious designer, Henry Bing (Paris, August 23, 1888 - June 3, 1965), if it is indeed him, publishing his first drawings in L'Assiette au Beurre issue no. 413; others appeared in no. 442 (1909). One was on the subject of feminism, paired with the critic Robert Sigl. He worked in Berlin and Munich on Simplicissimus and Jugend). He lived for a time to the United States and later returned to Paris as an art dealer. He was, according to André Bay, a close friend of the painter Pascin.
  10. ^
    Léopold Braun (Vienna, 1868 - Paris, 1943) was an Austrian painter and illustrator, who lived in Berlin in the 1890s and then in Paris. In 1914 he was in London, working on large painting of members of the House of Commons. He then lived in the U.S. before returning to Paris. He was the brother-in-law of Austrian politician Victor Adler.
  11. ^
    A. Clément is reported was a printer lithographer operating around 1903. He composed L'Assiette au Beurre issue no. 54, on the theme of "Les Parvenus" ("The upstarts") (12 April 1902).
  12. ^
    This supplement contains no illustrations but a text anthology.

References edit

  1. ^ Everdell, William R. (1997). The First Moderns: Profiles in the Origins of Twentieth-Century Thought. Chicago, ILL: University of Chicago Press. p. 311. ISBN 978-0-226-22480-0.
  2. ^ Canadian Parliament's Senate Standing Committee on National Finance (1976). Proceedings of the Standing Senate Committee on National Finance. Queen's Printer for Canada. pp. 7–13. OCLC 3249857.
  3. ^ Allard, Marion (28 January 2011). "Wolinski: " Le désir, c'est encore mieux que le plaisir ! "" [The desire is even better than the fun!]. L'Humanité (in French).
  4. ^ a b Robbins, Kevin C. (2014). "Chapter 9: Roving Anarchists Flâneurs: The Visual Politics of Popular Protest via Parisian Street Art in L'Assiette au beurre (1900-1914)". In Wrigley, Richard (ed.). The Flâneur Abroad: Historical and International Perspectives. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1443860161.
  5. ^ Dixmier, Élisabeth; Dixmier, Michel (1974). L'Assiette au Beurre: revue satirique illustrée, 1901-1912 (in French). Paris: François Maspero. OCLC 1432619.
  6. ^ Fontana, Michèle; Bernard, Sarrazin (2000). "Léon Bloy, Journalisme et subversion, 1874-1917". Romantisme (in French). Paris. 30 (107): 123–124.
  7. ^ "Les expressions françaises décortiquées" [etymology of French expressions] (in French). expressio.fr. Retrieved 14 May 2015. Dating to the Middle Ages, adding butter to ones plate came to mean to "s'en mettre plein les poches" ["line ones pockets"]
  8. ^ Notice sur Gallica, en ligne.
  9. ^ Dixmier, Élisabeth; Dixmier, Michel (1974). François Maspero (ed.). L'Assiette au beurre: revue satirique illustrée, 1901-1912 (in French).
  10. ^ Dictionnaire biographique, mouvement ouvrier, mouvement social, "Le Maitron": Henri Guilbeaux.
  11. ^ L'assiette au Beurre: "Les francs-maçons"; assietteaubeurre.org, online.
  12. ^ "L'Algérie aux Algériens"; issue of 9 May 1903.
  13. ^ Special edition in which Walter Crane, Alfred Kubin and Wilhelm Schulz (1865-1952), all contributed drawings.
  14. ^ Dictionnaire des anarchistes, "Le Maitron": Miguel Almereyda[permanent dead link].
  15. ^ Fullerton, William Morton (1913). "IV. The Social and Economic Evolution of France". Problems of Power: A Study of International Politics from Sadowa to Kirk-Kilissé. New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-58477-353-5.
  16. ^ Marriage Records, 1887, archives of the city of Paris.
  17. ^ Advertisement inset in L'Assiette au Beurre, No. 4.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to L'Assiette au Beurre.

November 28, 2023
assiette, beurre, literally, butter, plate, roughly, translating, english, expression, pork, barrel, illustrated, french, weekly, satirical, magazine, with, anarchist, political, leanings, that, chiefly, produced, between, 1901, 1912, revived, monthly, time, c. L Assiette au Beurre literally The Butter Plate 1 and roughly translating to the English expression pork barrel 2 a was an illustrated French weekly satirical magazine with anarchist political leanings that was chiefly produced between 1901 and 1912 It was revived as a monthly for a time and ceased production in 1936 L Assiette au BeurreL Assiette au Beurre issue 1 cover designed by Theophile Steinlen Format25 cm 32 cm 9 8 in 12 6 in FounderSamuel Sigismond Schwarz subsequent directors Andre de Joncieres amp Georges AnquetilFounded4 April 1901Final issue1936CountryFranceBased inParisLanguageFrenchISSN2021 0558OCLC1514496The magazine s caricature and editorial cartoon content was drawn from a varied cadre of illustrator contributors of many backgrounds and disparate artistic styles The content often focused on socialist and anarchist ideas The first series expired on 15 October 1912 A second series was published between 1921 and 1925 on a monthly basis eventually becoming a single supplement At the time of its founding near the start of the twentieth century France was divided on crucial issues such as the extension of military service revanchism the call of French nationalists to avenge and reclaim from Germany the annexed territories of Alsace Lorraine right of association separation of church and state freedom of speech and the emergence of new and radical political and social ideas in France such as revolutionary syndicalism antimilitarism anti clericalism Proletarian internationalism feminism and the rise of labour law which were all subjects of feature in the magazine L Assiette au Beurre is a valuable iconographic testament of the Belle Epoque Beautiful Era period in France characterized by optimism peace at home and in Europe new technology and scientific discoveries Georges Wolinski killed in the terrorist attack on Charlie Hebdo indicated in 2011 that his magazine s work was the legacy of L Assiette au Beurre 3 Contents 1 Description 2 History 2 1 Founding 2 2 Developments 3 Decline of the series 1910 1912 4 First series illustrators 5 Contributing writers 6 Themes 7 List of theme issues 8 Special editions and supplements 9 Readership and impact 10 Footnotes 11 References 12 External linksDescription editFrom its first appearance L Assiette au Beurre registered as a departure in form from other French humor publications Each issue was made up of chiefly two or three color inked cartoons and caricatures given full or sometimes double page placement instead of the more common quarter page real estate granted to such content in related French publications with each installment containing a minimum of 16 illustrated pages Special editions held up to 48 pages Images were published from original drawings using a zincography planographic printing process Periodically a single artist was chosen for an issue to provide a variety of panels on a specific topic making that issue a veritable collected album for that illustrator Sometimes a team was employed as well According to Kevin C Robbins in Roving Anarchists Flaneurs The Visual Politics of Popular Protest via Parisian Street Art inL Assiette au beurre 1900 1914 For the most sardonic of multi media exploits Assiette staff paired artists with noted left wing essayists poets or novelists who provided suggestions for timely or provocative captions for each image submitted 4 History editFounding edit nbsp Cover of L Assiette au Beurre no 88 6 December 1902 composed by Benjamin Rabier Betes et gens translates to man and beast Samuel Sigismond Schwarz b was the magazine s founder and director Schwarz was a Jewish immigrant to France from Hungary becoming a French naturalized citizen 5 After arriving in Paris in 1878 Schwarz became a book broker specializing in the work of Victor Hugo through association with Paul Meurice He later managed and was the editor of Le Frou Frou 1900 1923 another French humorist periodical that famously featured Picasso sketches as well as Le Tutu c and Le Pompon d magazines also in the humorist vein and known to have had anti Dreyfusard leanings 6 Sigismund established a presence in 1895 at 9 rue Sainte Anne in Paris as an editor of serial novels and later opened a retail space on behalf of Librairie Schwarz located at 58 Rue de la Chaussee d Antin He launched the first issue of L Assiette au Beurre on 4 April 1901 priced at 25 centimes it did not have a specific theme which later editions often did The front cover illustration titled Caisse de greve Strike Fund was by Theophile Steinlen and referred to the labour movement in the communes of Montceau les Mines and the involvement of Pierre Waldeck Rousseau among other Interior Ministers Other illustrations appearing in the first edition include one by Adolphe Willette depicting the signing of an illustrated letter that plays on the idiomatic meaning of L Assiette au Beurre to lines one pockets 7 This was followed by a Jean Veber drawing occupying two pages and then by works by Charles Leandre Gustave Henri Jossot Steinlein Jacques Villon Charles Huard Hermann Vogel Pierre Georges Jeanniot Henri Gabriel Ibels Frantisek Kupka Auguste Roubille and finally by a Hermann Paul drawing Although there was little accompanying text and no clear anarchist theme to the content the first issue s tone is fiercely satirical and disrespectful of institutions and the affluent a trend that increased in later editions At inception L Assiette au Beurre contained no advertising in its body but was circulated with a 4 page insert showcasing Sigismund periodicals and literary productions as well as editions of classic books to be purchased directly or through a subscription Developments edit Starting with the fourth issue s cover the graphic presentation was changed to emulate that of a newspaper Such typographical variation was quite unusual in the media of the day though Cocorico had previously paved the way by giving their designers freedom to innovate in the manner Issue no 14 was the first to take up a theme conveyed by its title La guerre War It was illustrated with 14 lithographs signed by Hermann Paul nbsp n 14 4 July 1901The first special edition of the magazine released in February 1902 sold for 1 franc and was headlined and took up the theme of empoisonneurs patentes Patented Poisoners referring to a cause celebre in the France of the time that regarded the practice of tainting milk by adding filler such as impure water to increase profits Julio Tomas Leal da Camara a Portuguese painter and cartoonist who was famous in the Paris of the Belle Epoque produced the cover and the issue lambasted the industry for its tainted milk and other industrial food practices that were a fraud on the public In December 1903 the paper starts printing a false cover without images to guard against censorship and at the same time to offer advertisements on the back cover One of the more unusual issues artistically and in format was no 48 entitled Crimes et chatiments Crime and Punishment Published on 1 March 1902 and composed by Felix Vallotton it consists of 23 lithographs printed only on the front and perforated to make each etching detachable thus rendering it a true album of prints The selling price was increased to 50 centimes The format was never repeated making it a unique feature in the magazine s run The first issues sold between 25 000 and 40 000 copies and garnered a profit In 1902 Sigismund recorded sales approaching 250 000 copies However at the end of that year the publication experienced its first failure linked to poor sales of some of its other titles but managed to recapitalize its newspaper group 4 nbsp Issue no 242 featuring Gabriele Galantara 18 November 1905 In October 1903 at a time when business in general appeared to be going wrong for Sigismund he passed management of the magazine over to a certain de Boulay The quality of the content held up under his stewardship as did its sales In August 1904 management was taken over by Charles Bracquart followed by one E Victor The magazine s printing was moved to a more modern location at 62 rue de Provence the offices of the established art magazine L Epreuve administered since at least 1903 by Andre Joncieres the heir to a large fortune In January 1905 the management weekly was taken over by Joncieres who remained in control until October 1912 Joncieres introduced advertising and derivative products post cards almanacs calendars etc The magazine s last address was 51 rue du Rocher The penultimate issue 593 should never have appeared and had the ultimate theme Les Vieilles Filles Old Girls 8 Between 1907 and 1912 Joncieres broadened the magazine s appeal abroad by incorporating material about organizations such as the Second International the CGT and various European socialist parties the printing of Franco German and Franco English special issues with bilingual captions inviting outside cartoonists to contribute and by coverage of significant socio political events such as the great French general strike of September 1911 Decline of the series 1910 1912 editL Assiette au Beurre is a periodical demanding an artistic point of view and its production cost was significant from the outset From 1910 1911 the production values suffered due to financial troubles Joncieres subsidized the magazine with his fortune in an attempt to keep the price to 50 centimes The last issue of the first series no 594 came out on 12 October 1912 The first series comprised 593 numbers excluding special issues Joncieres died in August 1920 Georges Anquetil revived L Assiette au Beurre on 20 November 1921 in a monthly edition From October 1925 to January 1927 the white Blackbird makes its literary supplement Subsequently editions were more scarce until 1936 where the title disappears officially although between 1943 and 1944 some reprisal editions were published containing content from the first series First series illustrators editL Assiette au Beurre was primarily a work of illustrators more than 9 600 discrete drawing were produced 9 Jack Abeille Adaramakaro f Andrisek g Apa h Aroun al Rachid Gil Baer Paul Balluriau Emmanuel Barcet Jacques Baseilhac Emile Bayard Bellery Desfontaines Rene Berger Edouard Bernard Henry Bing i Otto Bleistift Paul Bour Henri Boutet Leopold Braun j Zyg Brunner Zyg Georges Bruyer Leonce Burret Eugene Cadel Camara Tomas Leal da Camara Leonetto Cappiello Caran d Ache Andre Cahard Charles Emile Egli Georges Carre Edouard Carrier Carsten Ravn Chanteclair Lucien Emery Jules Cheret A Clement k Eugene Courboin Edouard Couturier Jules Grandjouan Dedina Aristide Delannoy Maurice Delcourt Does Louis Sabattier Noel Dorville Didier Dubucq Hector Dumas Abel Faivre Pierre Falke Maurice Feuillet Florane Louis Blanchard Ricardo Flores Jean Louis Forain Leon Fourment k Frederic Front Demetrios Galanis Gabriele Galantara Armand Gallo Georges Gaumet Geo Gaumet Frantisek Gellner Charles Genty Geo Dupuis Leon Carre Henry Gerbault Charles Gir Cesar Giris Gose Fernand Louis Gottlob Henri Gousse Jules Grandjouan Juan Gris Jules Grun Lucien Guy Albert Guillaume Guydo Carl Happel Lucien Haye Oswald Heidbrinck Andre Helle Joseph Hemard Jules Henault Hermann Paul Eugene Higgins Bernhard Hoetger Charles Huard Vaclav Hradecky Henri Gabriel Ibels Georges Hillaireau Paul Iribe Charles Boris de Jankowski Albert Jarach Pierre Georges Jeanniot Hippolyte Petitjean Gustave Henri Jossot Paul Jouve Carl Jozsa Raphael Kirchner J Kladoff Leo Kober Konrad Wagner Frantisek Kupka Chas Laborde Jean Emile Laboureur Ernest La Jeunesse Lami Raymond de La Neziere Fabien Launay Charles Leandre Camille Lefevre Edmond Lempereur Georges Leonnec Alfred Le Petit Roberto Lewis Manuel Luque Louis Malteste Maurice Marodon Louis Marcoussis Markous Aris Mertzanoff Lucien Metivet Georges Meunier Arthur Michael Tony Minartz Henry Mirande Hector Moloch Pierre Louis Moreau Louis Morin Valery Muller Cesare Musacchio Felix Nadar Bernard Naudin Nob Frisco Othman Manuel Orazi Georges d Ostoya Pelele Petitjean Mario Pezilla Pierlis Rudolf Placek Jean Plumet Paul Poncet Poulbot Vojtech Preissig Benjamin Rabier Maurice Radiguet Gaston Raieter Georges Redon Raymond Renefer Albert Robida Roubille Sancha Marius Savignol Sidley Ardengo Soffici M Steydle Steinlen Strix Ludvik Strimpl Jehan Testevuide Paul Thesing Jules Grandjouan Evelio Torent Andre Triou Miklos Vadasz Henry Valensi Kees van Dongen Felix Vallotton Jean Veber Jean Villemot Jacques Villon Andre Viriez Vogel Lucien Henri Weiluc Wely David Ossipovitch Widhopff Adolphe Leon Willette Jacques Yvel Zagnoli Edouard Francois ZierContributing writers editL Assiette au Beurre at times had contributions from prominent writers Henri Bachelin Dominique Bonnaud Freres Bonneff Vladimir Bourtzeff 1862 1942 Andre Dahl Jacques Dhur Anatole France Henri Guilbeaux James Burkley 10 Ernest La Jeunesse Octave Mirbeau Emile Pataud Gaston de Pawlowski Jean Richepin Jehan Rictus Camille de Sainte Croix Andre Salmon Laurent TailhadeThemes editThe purpose of an anarchist satirical weekly that considers itself transgressive is of course to mock forms of authorities of all stripes the targets ran the map autocrats the rich the military police artists and writers scientists academicians politicians priests and believers often through fierce caricatures At least in its early stages the magazine maintained a focus on political issues through its drawings sometimes anti semitic in 1902 Judaism was skewered and often anti freemasonry 11 and anti imperialism 12 The plutocracy was systematically attacked L Assiette au Beurre employed more than two hundred artists of an international character Social issues often taboo were also included such as the death penalty trafficking of children sexuality or even of the themes of daily life such as L argent money Le gaz gas La police et ses exces the police and their excesses L alcool alcohol Paris la nuit Paris by night and many others List of theme issues editNo 26 Les camps de reconcentration du Transvaal Concentration Camps in the South African Republic by Jean Veber 1901 No 30 La prostitution Prostitution by Kees van Dongen 26 October 1901 No 41 L argent Money by Kupka 11 January 1902 No 42 Les tueurs de la route The Road Killers by Weiluc 18 January 1902 No 48 Crimes et chatiments Crime and Punishment by Felix Vallotton 1 March 1902 No 88 Betes et gens Man and Beast by Benjamin Rabier 6 decembre 1902 No 101 Les Academisables by Camara 7 March 1903 No 108 Esthetes Aesthetes by Paul Iribe 25 avril 1903 No 110 Colonisons L Algerie aux Algeriens Colonize the Algeria Algerians by Jules Grandjouan May 1903 No 112 La police The police by Camara Jules Grandjouan Georges d Ostoya Leon Fourment Lengo 23 May 1903 No 156 Les refroidis The Frozen by Jossot 26 March 1904 le conformisme social No 173 Asiles et fous Asylums and the Mad by Aristide Delannoy 23 July 1904 No 178 La graine The Seed by Jossot 27 aout 1904 sur le controle des naissances No 201 Le Tzar rouge The Red Tzar by divers dessinateurs don t Galanis 4 fevrier 1905 la revolution russe de 1905 No 214 La greve Strike by Bernard Naudin et Jules Grandjouan 6 May 1905 No 263 La liberte Freedom of the Press by Roger Sadrin 14 April 1906 No 324 Europa numero illustre international Europa International Illustrated Number 15 June 1907 13 No 348 La prison de la Petite Roquette text by Miguel Almereyda illustrations d Aristide Delannoy 30 November 1907 14 No 374 Zola au Pantheon Zola at the Pantheon by Georges d Ostoya 30 May 1908 regarding the Dreyfus Affair No 389 L enfance coupable Guilty Childhood by Bernard Naudin 12 September 1908 No 435 Le grand soir The Big Night text by Emile Pataud illustrations by Andre Helle 7 May 1910 No 510 Promenade dans Paris le Sacre Cœur A Walk through the Sacred Heart of Paris 7 January 1911 No 582 Les Compensations Compensation by Henry Valensi 4 November 1911 Special editions and supplements edit Les Empoisonneurs patentes Les falsificateurs de lait Patented Poisoners the Milk Tainters 48 pages 1901 Le cas de M Monis The Case of Mr Monis No 7 8 pages 21 May 1901 by Adolphe Willette Supplement litteraire la guerre Literary Supplement The War l No 14 8 pages 4 July 1901 Tartines de l Assiette au beurre Bread of the Butter plate 6 deliveries from 19 September 1901 composed by Camille de Sainte Croix and illustrations by Maurice Feuillet La Foire aux croutes Frequently Asked Crusts by Paul Iribe and Ernest La Jeunesse 32 pages June 1902 issue nos 62 and 63 Les Masques The Masks No 8 17 February and 7 April 1906 L Almanach de l Assiette au beurre The Butter Plate Almanac December 1906 Madame la Baronne et sa famille l arbre genealogique Madame la Baronne her Family and Family Tree by Maurice Radiguet 1909 Une page d Espagne L assassinat de Ferrer A page from Spain The assassination of Ferrer 1909 Le Grand Paon The Great Peacock by Maurice Radiguet and Galanis 1910 Readership and impact editThe per issue price was relatively average for a weekly of its quality at the start 25 centimes on average 4 times the price of a non illustrated daily though the price would increase to up to 60 centimes depending on the number of pages The price base was revised upward in May 1901 30 cents per regular issue and in 1905 again to 50 centimes after Sigismund withdrew The price iwas judged too high by some including Jules Grandjouan who ultimately wrote to Joncieres about the issue In February 1906 Senator Rene Berenger nicknamed Pere la Pudeur Father Modesty championed a bill focused on child prostitution under this pretext he sought to censor what was deemed pornographic and obscene With its legality uncertain the in April 1908 the Chambre des deputes Chamber of Deputies placed the sale of L Assiette au Beurre under threat of police sanction A sales ban was instituted in railway stations to proteger les yeux chastes de certains publics protect the chaste eyes of the public while some of its composers were even arrested e g Jules Grandjouan and spent a few days in prison Footnotes edit According to W M Morton in the 1913 book Problems of Power the titular idiomatic expression in French refers to the desire of all French citizens to be given a place at the budgetary buffet and to be allowed to put their fingers in the pies as often and as conveniently as they like 15 Sigmund Samuel Schwarz was born 2 March 1858 in Miskolc 16 Priced at 10 centimes Le Tutu is a humoristique hebdomadaire illustre Illustrated weekly satirical offering more than forty drawings in a less luxurious but more accessible format than Le Frou Frou Priced at 10 centimes Le Pompon is a hebdomadaire illustre militaire military weekly illustrated containing cartoons chiefly of barracks humor that peut etre lu par tous can be read by all 17 L Assiette au Beurre was formerly used as an alternate title of a show produced in 1885 in relation to the Incoherents art movement Unique drawings by this artist appear in L Assiette au Beurre issue no 151 20 February 1904 regarding the Russo Japanese War cf S Applebaum 1978 The Artists notice 1 He created postcard illustrations during this time period Andrisek as the artist was credited in L Assiette au Beurre is thought to be the pseudonym of Austrian artist Ferdinand Andri 1871 1956 Andrisek illustrations appeared in issues 532 541 and 564 570 Apa is the Pseudonym of Barcelona artist Feliu Elias i Bracons 1878 1948 he designed issue no 553 Mysterious designer Henry Bing Paris August 23 1888 June 3 1965 if it is indeed him publishing his first drawings in L Assiette au Beurre issue no 413 others appeared in no 442 1909 One was on the subject of feminism paired with the critic Robert Sigl He worked in Berlin and Munich on Simplicissimus and Jugend He lived for a time to the United States and later returned to Paris as an art dealer He was according to Andre Bay a close friend of the painter Pascin Leopold Braun Vienna 1868 Paris 1943 was an Austrian painter and illustrator who lived in Berlin in the 1890s and then in Paris In 1914 he was in London working on large painting of members of the House of Commons He then lived in the U S before returning to Paris He was the brother in law of Austrian politician Victor Adler A Clement is reported was a printer lithographer operating around 1903 He composed L Assiette au Beurre issue no 54 on the theme of Les Parvenus The upstarts 12 April 1902 This supplement contains no illustrations but a text anthology References edit Everdell William R 1997 The First Moderns Profiles in the Origins of Twentieth Century Thought Chicago ILL University of Chicago Press p 311 ISBN 978 0 226 22480 0 Canadian Parliament s Senate Standing Committee on National Finance 1976 Proceedings of the Standing Senate Committee on National Finance Queen s Printer for Canada pp 7 13 OCLC 3249857 Allard Marion 28 January 2011 Wolinski Le desir c est encore mieux que le plaisir The desire is even better than the fun L Humanite in French a b Robbins Kevin C 2014 Chapter 9 Roving Anarchists Flaneurs The Visual Politics of Popular Protest via Parisian Street Art in L Assiette au beurre 1900 1914 In Wrigley Richard ed The Flaneur Abroad Historical and International Perspectives Newcastle Cambridge Scholars Publishing ISBN 978 1443860161 Dixmier Elisabeth Dixmier Michel 1974 L Assiette au Beurre revue satirique illustree 1901 1912 in French Paris Francois Maspero OCLC 1432619 Fontana Michele Bernard Sarrazin 2000 Leon Bloy Journalisme et subversion 1874 1917 Romantisme in French Paris 30 107 123 124 Les expressions francaises decortiquees etymology of French expressions in French expressio fr Retrieved 14 May 2015 Dating to the Middle Ages adding butter to ones plate came to mean to s en mettre plein les poches line ones pockets Notice sur Gallica en ligne Dixmier Elisabeth Dixmier Michel 1974 Francois Maspero ed L Assiette au beurre revue satirique illustree 1901 1912 in French Dictionnaire biographique mouvement ouvrier mouvement social Le Maitron Henri Guilbeaux L assiette au Beurre Les francs macons assietteaubeurre org online L Algerie aux Algeriens issue of 9 May 1903 Special edition in which Walter Crane Alfred Kubin and Wilhelm Schulz 1865 1952 all contributed drawings Dictionnaire des anarchistes Le Maitron Miguel Almereyda permanent dead link Fullerton William Morton 1913 IV The Social and Economic Evolution of France Problems of Power A Study of International Politics from Sadowa to Kirk Kilisse New York NY Charles Scribner s Sons p 107 ISBN 978 1 58477 353 5 Marriage Records 1887 archives of the city of Paris Advertisement inset in L Assiette au Beurre No 4 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to L Assiette au Beurre Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title L 27Assiette au Beurre amp oldid 1186396834, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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