"Kladas" redirects here. For the village, see Kladas, Greece.
Krokodeilos Kladas (Greek: Κροκόδειλος Κλαδάς, 1425–1490),[1] also known as Korkodeilos, Krokondeilos, or Korkondelos, was a military leader from the Peloponnese who fought against the Ottomans on behalf of the Republic of Venice during the late 15th century.[2]
Krokodeilos Kladas was born in Koroni in 1425.[3] His father was the military chief Theodore Kladas.[2]
When the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II (r. 1444–1446 and 1451–1481) took the Morea in 1460, Kladas handed over his castle of Saint George (Agios Giorgios) and was given in exchange the castle of Vardounia in Upper Mani and the territory of Elos.[4] By 1465, the Kladas brothers, Krokodeilos and Epifani, were leading bands of stratioti (warrior bands) on behalf of Veniceagainst the Turks. They put Vardounia and their lands into Venetian possession, for which Epifani then acted as governor. The Kladas brothers were frequently complimented by Venetian officials, and received generous Venetian gifts. Krokodeilos Kladas and his followers stood as rebels against Mehmed, but the Venetian-Ottomanpeace settlement, while giving them a full pardon, also returned territorial boundaries to what they had been in 1463, so this put the Venetian-Kladas land holdings back into Ottoman possession. Kladas moved to Venetian-held Koroni.
On October 9, 1480, Kladas led stratioti from Koroni to attack Ottoman holdings in Mani. A group of Albanian insurgents led by Kladas became a matter of dispute between the Ottomans and Venetians in the Morea on the issue of responsibility about damage caused by them.[5] Both the Ottomans and the Venetians put a price on his head; the latter, specifically, "put a bounty of 10,000 hyperpyrai from the mint of Methone on Kladas' head."[6] This revolt was joined in December by stratioti from Nafplion led by Theodore Bua and Mexas Bozikis.[7] An army sent by the Sultan was defeated between Passavas and Oitylo in February 1481. Later that month, a larger force under Mohammed Bey drove Kladas to Porto Kagio where he was taken on board a Neapolitan galley, leaving his revolt to wither in his absence. A peaceful settlement of the revolt was negotiated by the Ottoman governor of the Morea and Venetian official Bartolomeo Minio. Meanwhile, Kladas went with a Neapolitan army to Albania to aid an anti-Ottoman revolt there. It is not known when he returned to Mani. He was captured in battle near Monemvasia in 1490 and flayed alive.[8]
Familyedit
The Kladas family is known in records from the Morea since 1296, when a "Corcondille" managed to capture a Frankish-held castle for the Byzantines.[9][10] According to one view – initially proposed by Constantine Sathas – the family had migrated from Epirus to Peloponnese;[11] but this isn't based on any evidence.[12] More recent extensive research shows that Kladas was a Byzantine family, that was most likely of turcopole ultimate origin. The family can be traced back to a group, composed of the descendants and soldiers of Kaykaus II (sultan of the Sultanate of Rum who was deposed in 1262), who acted as mercenaries (turcopoles) in the troops of Michael VIII and Andronikos II Palaiologos. It came to the Peloponnese at the beginning of 1263, as part of the army of sebastokratorConstantine Palaiologos, in order to face the Franks (Principality of Achaea) in the war of 1263-1264. After the war, it received lands and was fully integrated in the Byzantine society of the Morean Despotate, through alliances and marriages made with local archontes, to the point that it managed to gain possession of extensive pieces of land with paroikoi settled there. Because of the power it had amassed, we see its members as privileged interlocutors of the Venetians, after the fall of the Despotate to the Ottomans.[13]
Members of the family made donations to a monastery at Mystras in 1366 and 1375.[14] A Krokodeilos is identified as one of the rebels against the Emperor Manuel II in 1415. The "Crocodile" pun made there is a single appearance and never appears in contemporary documents relating to this Krokodeilos Kladas.[15] The carved inscription on a donation to a church in Karytaina with the name transliterated as "Krokontēlos" is probably not related to him, and the carving is dated to the mid-14th century.[16] He and his brothers are strongly praised in Venetian sources.[17] Kladas had been awarded a Venetian knighthood (and a gold robe) just before the 1480 revolt.[18] Members of the family moved to Kefalonia and continued to lead stratioti in Venetian service for at least another hundred years.
^ abPapadopoulos 1969, p. 115: Μετά τον θάνατον του Πέτρου Μπούα και τον ανασκολοπισμόν του Μιχαήλ Ράλλη, την αντίστασιν των Ελλήνων εναντίον των Τούρκων συνέχισεν ο οπλαρχηγός Κροκόδειλος Κλαδάς υιός του οπλαρχηγού Θεοδώρου Κλαδά, όστις καταδιωκόμενος υπό των Τούρκων [...]"
^Korre 2018, p. 435: "Η εκτίμηση Σάθα ότι ο οίκος Κλαδά προέρχεται από την γεωγραφική περιοχή της Ηπείρου, την οποία έκανε πεπεισμένος ότι η πλειονότητα των μισθοφόρων stradioti προέρχονται από εκείνη τη γεωγραφική περιοχή και κατέβηκαν στο Μοριά στα τέλη του 14ου αιώνα, είναι εντελώς αστήρικτη· Σάθας, Έλληνες Στρατιώται, σ. 131."
^Korre 2018, p. 16: "Μελετά τρία παραδείγματα stradioti, οι οποίοι διαφοροποιούνται μεταξύ τους ως προς την εθνοτική και κοινωνική προέλευση: τον Μερκούριο Μπούα από τον οίκο των αρβανιτών Μπουαίων· τον Κροκόδειλο Κλαδά, από τον βυζαντινό οίκο των Κλαδαίων (Κλαδιώτη), με πιθανότατα οθωμανική απώτερη καταγωγή· τον Θεόδωρο Παλαιολόγο, που πιθανότατα προέρχεται από τον βυζαντινό οίκο των Παλαιολόγων."; Korre 2018, p. 95: "Σύμφωνα με τον Γρηγορά, επρόκειτο για απογόνους αλλά και στρατιώτες του έκπτωτου Καϊκαούση Β΄, σουλτάνου των Σελτζουκιδών του Ικονίου, οι οποίοι εγκαταστάθηκαν στη Θράκη και έδρασαν ως πολυπληθείς (άτακτοι) μισθοφόροι στα στρατεύματα των Μιχαήλ Η΄ και Ανδρονίκου Β΄ Παλαιολόγων. Τα σώματα αυτά έλαβαν εκτάσεις γης στο βυζαντινό κράτος της ύστερης περιόδου, αρχικά στην περιοχή της Βέροιας για δημογραφικούς λόγους και αργότερα στον Μοριά, για λόγους πολεμικής προπαρασκευής έναντι των Φράγκων."; Korre 2018, pp. 96: "«Τούρκοι» μισθοφόροι ήρθαν στις αρχές του 1263 στην Πελοπόννησο ως τμήματα του στρατού του σεβαστοκράτορα Κωνσταντίνου Παλαιολόγου, προκειμενου να αντιμετωπίσουν τους Φράγκους στον πόλεμο του 1263–1264. ... Συμφωνα με τον Α. Σαββίδη, πρέπει να ήταν εκχριστιανισμένοι τουρκόπουλοι· ..."; Korre 2018, p. 98: "Στην περίπτωση αυτή, η οικογένεια πρέπει να κατέβηκε μαζί με τα σώματα των τούρκων ιππέων [τουρκόπουλων] σελτζουκικής προέλευσης στον Μοριά για να αντιμετωπιστούν οι Φράγκοι και να παρέμειναν εκεί γύρω από την περιοχή του κάστρου του Αγίου Γεωργίου των Σκορτών (1262-1263). Όπως και οι Μελίκη, η οικογένεια των Κλα(υ)διώτη ενσωματώθηκε γρήγορα στην τοπική κοινωνία συμμαχώντας με τοπικούς άρχοντες και συγγενεύοντας μαζί τους, ώστε την τελευταία περίοδο τη βρίσκουμε νομέα εκτεταμένων εκτάσεων, με παροίκους και σημαντική δύναμη στο χώρο· την αμέσως επόμενη περίοδο δε και εξαιτίας ακριβώς αυτής της δύναμης, προνομιακό συνομιλητή των Βενετών μετά την πτώση του Δεσποτάτου στους Οθωμανούς."
Beēs, Nikos A. (1907). "Διοπθωσεις καὶ παρατηρησεις εν Μυστρα μονη τὴς τὴς Παναγίας τοῦ Βροντοχιοῦ". Nea Siōn. 5: 245ff.
British School at Athens (1908). The Annual of the British School at Athens (Issue 15). MacMillan.
Cheetham, Nicolas (1981). Mediaeval Greece. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN0-300-10539-8.
Feissel, Denis; Philippidis-Braat, Anne (1985). "Inventaires en vue d'un recueil des inscriptions historiques de Byzance: III, Inscriptions du Péloponnèse". Travaux et Mémoires. 9: 273–371.
Kampouroglou, Dimitrios Gr. (n.d.). Αρματωλοί και Κλέφτες (1453–1821)(PDF). Athens: Εκδοτικός Οίκος Αγκύρας.
Mazaris; Seminar Classics 609 (1975). Mazaris' Journey to Hades: Or, Interviews with Dead Men about Certain Officials of the Imperial Court. Buffalo, NY: Department of Classics, State University of New York at Buffalo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Merry, Bruce (2004). Encyclopedia of Modern Greek Literature. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN978-031-33081-3-0.
Miklosich, Franz; Müller, Ioseph (1860). Acta et Diplomata Graeca Medii Aevi Sacra et Profana. Vol. Primum [Volume 1]. Vienna: Carolus Gerold.
Papadopoulos, Panagiotēs B. (1969). Φράγκοι-Ενετοί, και Τούρκοι στην Πελοππόνησον, 1204-1821. Athens: Εκδόσεις Αφών Νάστου.
Sathas, Konstantinos N. (1885). Μνημεία Ελληνικής Ιστορίας: Documents inédites rélatifs à l'histoire de la Grèce au moyen âge. Vol. 6. Paris: Maissoneuve Frère et Ch. Leclerc.
Setton, Kenneth M. (1978). The Papacy and the Levant, Vol. 1. Philadelphia, PA: American Philosophical Society. ISBN978-960-98903-5-9.
Trombley, Frank (2009). "The Fall of Constantinople in 1453 and Late Medieval Greek Culture: The Experience of Defeat". Groniek Historisch Tijdschrift. 184: 267‒284.
Wright, Diana Gilliland (1999). Bartolomeo Minio: Venetian Administration in 15th-Century Nauplion (Doctoral Dissertation). Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America.
Korre, Katerina (2018). Μισθοφόροι stradioti της Βενετίας: πολεμική και κοινωνική λειτουργία (15ος-16ος αιώνας) (Thesis) (in Greek). Greece: Ionian University.
Further readingedit
Rankabēs, Eugenios Rizos (1925). "Clada". Livre d'or de la noblesse ionienne (Volume 2). Athens, Greece: Maison d'éditions "Eleftheroudakis". pp. 153–167.
Zakythinos, Dionysios A. (1953). Le despotat grec de Morée II. Vie et institutions (in French). Athens: l'Hellénisme contemporain.
December 15, 2023
krokodeilos, kladas, kladas, redirects, here, village, kladas, greece, greek, Κροκόδειλος, Κλαδάς, 1425, 1490, also, known, korkodeilos, krokondeilos, korkondelos, military, leader, from, peloponnese, fought, against, ottomans, behalf, republic, venice, during. Kladas redirects here For the village see Kladas Greece Krokodeilos Kladas Greek Krokodeilos Kladas 1425 1490 1 also known as Korkodeilos Krokondeilos or Korkondelos was a military leader from the Peloponnese who fought against the Ottomans on behalf of the Republic of Venice during the late 15th century 2 Contents 1 Biography 2 Family 3 References 3 1 Citations 3 2 Sources 4 Further readingBiography edit nbsp Flag of Kladas Krokodeilos Kladas was born in Koroni in 1425 3 His father was the military chief Theodore Kladas 2 When the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II r 1444 1446 and 1451 1481 took the Morea in 1460 Kladas handed over his castle of Saint George Agios Giorgios and was given in exchange the castle of Vardounia in Upper Mani and the territory of Elos 4 By 1465 the Kladas brothers Krokodeilos and Epifani were leading bands of stratioti warrior bands on behalf of Venice against the Turks They put Vardounia and their lands into Venetian possession for which Epifani then acted as governor The Kladas brothers were frequently complimented by Venetian officials and received generous Venetian gifts Krokodeilos Kladas and his followers stood as rebels against Mehmed but the Venetian Ottoman peace settlement while giving them a full pardon also returned territorial boundaries to what they had been in 1463 so this put the Venetian Kladas land holdings back into Ottoman possession Kladas moved to Venetian held Koroni On October 9 1480 Kladas led stratioti from Koroni to attack Ottoman holdings in Mani A group of Albanian insurgents led by Kladas became a matter of dispute between the Ottomans and Venetians in the Morea on the issue of responsibility about damage caused by them 5 Both the Ottomans and the Venetians put a price on his head the latter specifically put a bounty of 10 000 hyperpyrai from the mint of Methone on Kladas head 6 This revolt was joined in December by stratioti from Nafplion led by Theodore Bua and Mexas Bozikis 7 An army sent by the Sultan was defeated between Passavas and Oitylo in February 1481 Later that month a larger force under Mohammed Bey drove Kladas to Porto Kagio where he was taken on board a Neapolitan galley leaving his revolt to wither in his absence A peaceful settlement of the revolt was negotiated by the Ottoman governor of the Morea and Venetian official Bartolomeo Minio Meanwhile Kladas went with a Neapolitan army to Albania to aid an anti Ottoman revolt there It is not known when he returned to Mani He was captured in battle near Monemvasia in 1490 and flayed alive 8 Family editThe Kladas family is known in records from the Morea since 1296 when a Corcondille managed to capture a Frankish held castle for the Byzantines 9 10 According to one view initially proposed by Constantine Sathas the family had migrated from Epirus to Peloponnese 11 but this isn t based on any evidence 12 More recent extensive research shows that Kladas was a Byzantine family that was most likely of turcopole ultimate origin The family can be traced back to a group composed of the descendants and soldiers of Kaykaus II sultan of the Sultanate of Rum who was deposed in 1262 who acted as mercenaries turcopoles in the troops of Michael VIII and Andronikos II Palaiologos It came to the Peloponnese at the beginning of 1263 as part of the army of sebastokrator Constantine Palaiologos in order to face the Franks Principality of Achaea in the war of 1263 1264 After the war it received lands and was fully integrated in the Byzantine society of the Morean Despotate through alliances and marriages made with local archontes to the point that it managed to gain possession of extensive pieces of land with paroikoi settled there Because of the power it had amassed we see its members as privileged interlocutors of the Venetians after the fall of the Despotate to the Ottomans 13 Members of the family made donations to a monastery at Mystras in 1366 and 1375 14 A Krokodeilos is identified as one of the rebels against the Emperor Manuel II in 1415 The Crocodile pun made there is a single appearance and never appears in contemporary documents relating to this Krokodeilos Kladas 15 The carved inscription on a donation to a church in Karytaina with the name transliterated as Krokontelos is probably not related to him and the carving is dated to the mid 14th century 16 He and his brothers are strongly praised in Venetian sources 17 Kladas had been awarded a Venetian knighthood and a gold robe just before the 1480 revolt 18 Members of the family moved to Kefalonia and continued to lead stratioti in Venetian service for at least another hundred years References editCitations edit Pontificium Institutum Orientalium Studiorum 1992 p 308 a b Papadopoulos 1969 p 115 Meta ton 8anaton toy Petroy Mpoya kai ton anaskolopismon toy Mixahl Rallh thn antistasin twn Ellhnwn enantion twn Toyrkwn synexisen o oplarxhgos Krokodeilos Kladas yios toy oplarxhgoy 8eodwroy Klada ostis katadiwkomenos ypo twn Toyrkwn Kampouroglou n d p 59 Philippides amp Sphrantzes 1980 40 9 Burghartz S 2016 Sites of Mediation Connected Histories of Places Processes and Objects in Europe and Beyond 1450 1650 Brill p 88 Trombley 2009 p 270 Korre 2018 pp 524 525 Me toys ippeis toy Klada enw8hkan oi arxhgoi stradioti Me3as Mpozikhs kai 8eodwros Mpoyas Gribas erxomenoi apo to Nayplio Kladas 1872 p 11 quoting earlier testimony Cited in Wright 1999 Appendix 8 Longnon 1911 pp 803 817 Korre 2018 pp 434 439 Trombley 2009 p 269 Korre 2018 p 435 H ektimhsh Sa8a oti o oikos Klada proerxetai apo thn gewgrafikh perioxh ths Hpeiroy thn opoia ekane pepeismenos oti h pleionothta twn mis8oforwn stradioti proerxontai apo ekeinh th gewgrafikh perioxh kai katebhkan sto Moria sta telh toy 14oy aiwna einai entelws asthrikth Sa8as Ellhnes Stratiwtai s 131 Korre 2018 p 16 Meleta tria paradeigmata stradioti oi opoioi diaforopoioyntai meta3y toys ws pros thn e8notikh kai koinwnikh proeleysh ton Merkoyrio Mpoya apo ton oiko twn arbanitwn Mpoyaiwn ton Krokodeilo Klada apo ton byzantino oiko twn Kladaiwn Kladiwth me pi8anotata o8wmanikh apwterh katagwgh ton 8eodwro Palaiologo poy pi8anotata proerxetai apo ton byzantino oiko twn Palaiologwn Korre 2018 p 95 Symfwna me ton Grhgora eprokeito gia apogonoys alla kai stratiwtes toy ekptwtoy Kaikaoysh B soyltanoy twn Seltzoykidwn toy Ikonioy oi opoioi egkatasta8hkan sth 8rakh kai edrasan ws polyplh8eis ataktoi mis8oforoi sta strateymata twn Mixahl H kai Andronikoy B Palaiologwn Ta swmata ayta elaban ektaseis ghs sto byzantino kratos ths ysterhs periodoy arxika sthn perioxh ths Beroias gia dhmografikoys logoys kai argotera ston Moria gia logoys polemikhs proparaskeyhs enanti twn Fragkwn Korre 2018 pp 96 Toyrkoi mis8oforoi hr8an stis arxes toy 1263 sthn Peloponnhso ws tmhmata toy stratoy toy sebastokratora Kwnstantinoy Palaiologoy prokeimenoy na antimetwpisoyn toys Fragkoys ston polemo toy 1263 1264 Symfwna me ton A Sabbidh prepei na htan ekxristianismenoi toyrkopoyloi Korre 2018 p 98 Sthn periptwsh ayth h oikogeneia prepei na katebhke mazi me ta swmata twn toyrkwn ippewn toyrkopoylwn seltzoykikhs proeleyshs ston Moria gia na antimetwpistoyn oi Fragkoi kai na paremeinan ekei gyrw apo thn perioxh toy kastroy toy Agioy Gewrgioy twn Skortwn 1262 1263 Opws kai oi Melikh h oikogeneia twn Kla y diwth enswmatw8hke grhgora sthn topikh koinwnia symmaxwntas me topikoys arxontes kai syggeneyontas mazi toys wste thn teleytaia periodo th briskoyme nomea ektetamenwn ektasewn me paroikoys kai shmantikh dynamh sto xwro thn amesws epomenh periodo de kai e3aitias akribws ayths ths dynamhs pronomiako synomilhth twn Benetwn meta thn ptwsh toy Despotatoy stoys O8wmanoys Miklosich amp Muller 1860 p 482 Bees 1907 pp 247 248 Mazaris amp Seminar Classics 609 1975 84 12 12 Feissel amp Philippidis Braat 1985 pp 353 354 For examples see Sathas 1885 Vol 6 pp 40 41 Barbarigo 1466 passim Magno 1885 p 220 Sources edit Barbarigo Iacopo 1466 Dispacci 6 Sathas 1 92 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Bees Nikos A 1907 Diop8wseis kaὶ parathrhseis en Mystra monh tὴs tὴs Panagias toῦ Brontoxioῦ Nea Siōn 5 245ff British School at Athens 1908 The Annual of the British School at Athens Issue 15 MacMillan Cheetham Nicolas 1981 Mediaeval Greece New Haven CT Yale University Press ISBN 0 300 10539 8 Feissel Denis Philippidis Braat Anne 1985 Inventaires en vue d un recueil des inscriptions historiques de Byzance III Inscriptions du Peloponnese Travaux et Memoires 9 273 371 Kampouroglou Dimitrios Gr n d Armatwloi kai Kleftes 1453 1821 PDF Athens Ekdotikos Oikos Agkyras Kladas Count Yannis 1872 Ἀrxaia Ἱstorika Gegonota tὴs Oἰkogeneias tῶn Kometῶn Kladaiwn ἀpὸ tὰ 1366 mexri 1803 Athens a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Longnon J ed 1911 Chronique de Moree Livre de la Conqueste de la Princee de l Amoree 1204 1305 Paris Renouard Magno Stefano 1885 Sathas C N ed Ėvenements Historiques en Grece 1479 1497 6 Paris Monumenta Hellenicae Historiae 215 243 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Mazaris Seminar Classics 609 1975 Mazaris Journey to Hades Or Interviews with Dead Men about Certain Officials of the Imperial Court Buffalo NY Department of Classics State University of New York at Buffalo a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Merry Bruce 2004 Encyclopedia of Modern Greek Literature Westport CT Greenwood Press ISBN 978 031 33081 3 0 Miklosich Franz Muller Ioseph 1860 Acta et Diplomata Graeca Medii Aevi Sacra et Profana Vol Primum Volume 1 Vienna Carolus Gerold Papadopoulos Panagiotes B 1969 Fragkoi Enetoi kai Toyrkoi sthn Pelopponhson 1204 1821 Athens Ekdoseis Afwn Nastoy Philippides Marios Sphrantzes George 1980 The Fall of the Byzantine Empire A Chronicle by George Sphrantzes 1401 1477 Amherst MA The University of Massachusetts Press ISBN 9780870232909 Pontificium Institutum Orientalium Studiorum 1992 Orientalia Christiana Periodica Volume 58 Pontificium Institutum Orientalium Studiorum Sathas Konstantinos N 1885 Mnhmeia Ellhnikhs Istorias Documents inedites relatifs a l histoire de la Grece au moyen age Vol 6 Paris Maissoneuve Frere et Ch Leclerc Setton Kenneth M 1978 The Papacy and the Levant Vol 1 Philadelphia PA American Philosophical Society ISBN 978 960 98903 5 9 Trombley Frank 2009 The Fall of Constantinople in 1453 and Late Medieval Greek Culture The Experience of Defeat Groniek Historisch Tijdschrift 184 267 284 Wright Diana Gilliland 1999 Bartolomeo Minio Venetian Administration in 15th Century Nauplion Doctoral Dissertation Washington DC The Catholic University of America Korre Katerina 2018 Mis8oforoi stradioti ths Benetias polemikh kai koinwnikh leitoyrgia 15os 16os aiwnas Thesis in Greek Greece Ionian University Further reading editRankabes Eugenios Rizos 1925 Clada Livre d or de la noblesse ionienne Volume 2 Athens Greece Maison d editions Eleftheroudakis pp 153 167 Zakythinos Dionysios A 1953 Le despotat grec de Moree II Vie et institutions in French Athens l Hellenisme contemporain Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Krokodeilos Kladas amp oldid 1179446015, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
